Is the Sun Unusual?

The Copernican Principle has been with us for centuries. It broadly states that "we are typical" but increasingly we are beginning to question this doctrine. One famous push back is the Rare Earth hypothesis, but testing this idea will take generations. What about our Sun? Surely here we should have a better understanding as to whether our star is typical or not. Join us as we discuss why the Sun might be more special than Copernicus ever imagined.
Written and presented by Prof Kipping
This video is based on research conducted at the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University, New York. You can now support our research program directly here: www.coolworldslab.com/support
*Correction, Copernicus was Polish!
Thank-you to Kevin Clark, Denny Smith, Stephanie Hackley, Kolos Kantor for their support and especially to Executive Producers Tom Widdowson, Laura Sanborn & Mark Sloan.
References
► Ward & Brownlee, 2010, Rare Earth, Copernicus (Göttingen)
► Gilliland et al., 2010, Kepler Mission Stellar and Instument Noise Properties, ApJS, 197, 6: arxiv.org/abs/1107.5207
► Maehara et al., 2012, Superflares on solar-type stars, Nature, 485, 478: www.nature.com/articles/natur...
► Tu et al., 2020, Superflares on solar-type stars from the first year observation of TESS, ApJ, 890, 46: arxiv.org/abs/1912.11572
► Reinhold et al., 2020, The Sun is less active than other solar-like stars, Science, 368, 518: arxiv.org/abs/2005.01401
► Eric Mamajek spectral classifications: www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamaje...
► Kroupa, 2002, The Initial Mass Function of Stars: Evidence for Uniformity in Variable Systems, Science, 295, 82: arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0201098
Video materials
► Earth video credit to NASA/ESA/M.Kornmesser: www.eso.org/public/videos/ear...
► Galaxies fly through Sloan SDSS/BOSS/Berkeley Lab: • A Flight Through the U...
► Flying into a galaxy by أحمد الحسيني: • 4K Galaxy Space Star T...
► Flying through stars by Wilson Blindado: • DreamScene Flying th...
► HD 85512b animation by ESO/M. Kornmesser: www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
► DSCOVR/EPIC/BlueTurn Earth timelapse: • Full Earth Video - Apr...
► K2-18b ESA/Hubble/M. Kornmesser: www.spacetelescope.org/videos...
► Milky Way animation by Stefan Payne-Wardenaar: vimeo.com/330625918
► Proxima animation by PHL@UPR Arecibo/ESO: www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
► Stellar granulation video observed & reduced by Vasco Manuel de Jorge Henriques, ISP(KVA), Stockholm: www.su.se/isf/research/galler...
► Sunspot video observed & reduced by Vasco Manuel de Jorge Henriques, ISP(KVA), Stockholm: www.su.se/isf/research/galler...
► Solar prominence by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO: • Monster Prominence
► Fiery loop by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/det...
► Charon fly over by NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Lunar and Planetary Institute: solarsystem.nasa.gov/resource...
► HST animations by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20314
► Transit animation by ESA: sci.esa.int/web/gaia/-/58789-...
► Inside the Sun by SpaceRip: • Seeing Inside the Sun
► DKIST video: www.nso.edu/telescopes/dkist/...
► Sun timelapse by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO/S. Wiessinger: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/det...
► GJ 1214b animation by ESO/L. Calçada: www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
► Sunset by ZH Media: • Video
Movies/TV scenes used
► Sunshine (2007)/Fox Searchlight Pictures
Music
All music used is licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
► Cylinder Four by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
► Cylinder Five by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
► We Were Never Meant to Live Here by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/
► "Painted Deserts" by Shimmer, licensed through SoundStripe.com: app.soundstripe.com/songs/9913
► Stories About The World That Once Was by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/
► The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/honor/
Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds
Cool Worlds Research ► bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch
Cool Worlds Long Form Videos ► bit.ly/CoolWorldsEssays
#IsTheSunUnusual #RareSun #CoolWorlds

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Thank you Sun for allowing us to exist.

[@Le0nnh]

The sole reason of our existence.

[@ergohack]

@@Le0nnh *sol ...?

[@Le0nnh]

@@ergohack ☉

[@mikedrop4421]

Love seeing you here. I've been subbed to your channel forever and have watched all your videos.

[@SassyyjuicyMaria]

(And get a tan;)

[@Jason-ke4jf]

Thank you so much for making these so teenagers like me who have access to little opportunities can still learn about the universe straight from the experts. Your channel really is extraordinary.

[@traecummings9853]

You, my young friend are what this generation needs.

[@Jason-ke4jf]

@@traecummings9853 Thank you kind stranger!

[@Jason-ke4jf]

Thanks for hearting my comment! It made my day!

[@faheyplayer]

Hi Jason, Hey you are a member of humanity’s greatest generation. Go for it dear friend.

[@coda7994]

Jason I'm so happy to see your interest. Keep it up!

[@marekkokoszko5782]

Kopernik (Copernicus) was Polish. Read his biography. Great narration. Knowledge. Thank you.

[@Leo-ip3yx]

That's really cool!

[@RapturianCitizen]

The things Polish people can accomplish if they don't drink ;)

[@IshijimaKairo]

Nah

[@terrymckenzie8786]

@@RapturianCitizen😂

[@Erikaaaaaaaaaaaaa]

He was born to a German speaking family in Prussia. It's weird how nationalistic Poles are about science, aggressively trying to claim any scientist and any scientific achievement they can find any strenuous connection to Poland to

[@lordpickle8424]

Among all the crap channels youtube tries to ram down my throat everyday, now and then it actually gets a recommendation right. So glad I found this gem of a channel.

[@annedrieck7316]

KZbin should stop sending me "This Is My Mansion" or "I'm pregnant" videos.😥

[@L20Nardi]

The way you tell these stories is therapeutic. I sincerely thank you for the time and research you invest in creating one of the highest quality content, Astronomy wise.

[@Ron4885]

Oh yes Nardi. I couldn't agree more.

[@richardsilva-spokane3436]

Nardi...I agree. His information and perspective are excellent. His presentation is superb 👍👍👍

[@KrazyVideoChick]

So, true! I have tried to watch these at night past few nights, but his voice is so ASMR and calm I fall asleep (Not because it's boring). That's why I am watching now, LOL.

[@markgrant8598]

@@KrazyVideoChick you know exactly what I am going through then and it kinda sucks because I would really like to be able to get through the whole thing without having to worry about waking up to a dead phone covered in drool because I have passed out watching this on my 4th attempt. I am seriously considering going with CC and muting my phone. lol but I'm not trying to complain about the video. Top notch in my book. That's all thanks

[@ebykim]

@@KrazyVideoChick I do the same. I watch them because they are fascinating, interesting and informative. I watch them again as I lay on my bed. Before I know, I am asleep. I found myself dreaming and learning as I digest his video in my sleep.

[@blainrinehart8865]

He's so passionate and curious about our place in the universe. He's the new Carl Sagan.

[@-UnchartedSky-]

I wouldn't go as far as to say that, but it's your opinion. He's just a good narrator and researcher.

[@Machiavelli2pc]

UnchartedSky Extremely intelligent as well.

[@madisonbrown8851]

@@-UnchartedSky- And that is your opinion as well. Try not to be so negative next time, kiddo. 👍🏼

[@High_Monk]

@@madisonbrown8851 Saying that some youtube dude who narrates science stuff shouldn't be compared to Carl Sagan who was a fucking genius is negative? How so, kiddo?

[@moral1481]

Lel.

[@Fourevrlearning]

Watched this 3 times. So simple and well done. The sheer combination of things that have come together just right to make a stable earth and sentient life is amazing. Even if we find that to be common in the universe , still AMAZING!

[@denislemenoir]

This video should be titled “Prof Kipping calmly dismantles mediocrity”

[@stephenflippin9711]

Best professor ever, and true scientist by the way.

[@EK-sv9iq]

Ever?!? lmao - please us with the data leading to this conclusion

[@ksd593]

@This is the best name i could come up with 🧐 Sure, that would require Drake equation multiplied by the probability of professors being on a planet, then multiplied by probability of circumstances where a professor can become better than our best of professors discussed here 🧐

[@ImSpun13]

I’m a true scientist as well. I have a doctorate in Armchair Quantum Mechanics _and_ Armchair Astronomy.

[@ImSpun13]

@@ksd593 I just finished that equation...the answer is BPE=1

[@JarodM]

@@EK-sv9iq It's an opinion. I find Dr. Kipping very inspiring and understand why someone could feel that way.

[@CommodoreFloopjack78]

Now, I'm no astrophysicist, I don't know squat about quantum mechanics or string theory or anything like that, but this channel always fascinates me. Keep up the great work!

[@matthewbray5024]

My 10 year old son and myself really enjoy your content. Keep up the good work. Thanks. 🇬🇧

[@kszponar]

Nicolaus Copernicus (/koʊˈpɜːrnɪkəs, kə-/;[2][3][4] Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik;[b] German: Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 - 24 May 1543) was a Polish Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at the center of the universe,

[@Flat_Earth_101]

And He was so wrong

[@dfdhfhgj]

Sorry, but he was not polish. The Wiki article seems to have been edited.

[@swillm3ister]

@@dfdhfhgj what the hell man. Why are you saying he was not Polish???

[@grego10r]

@@dfdhfhgj U ARE I IDIOT

[@williamrbuchanan4153]

Centre of our Galaxy not the Universe.

[@NeaFiladelfeiaHeat]

Your voice is so therapeutic, calm and relaxing. The way you narrate the videos made me fall in love with your content.!

[@sashamarshburn8460]

I absolutely love the way you sound, your voice and pronouncement of words are just absolutely soothing to my ears

[@EK-sv9iq]

Trust me it’s his British accent

[@avizarob]

@@EK-sv9iq I'm British and have the same accent, trust me, it's not just that. He's a great science communicator. I'm sure he would be every bit as amazing with an American accent! ;P

[@JarodM]

I'd like to hear him say "cheeseburgers"~🍔👍

[@worklion50]

I am so glad many others feel the same as me... and I thought it was the blunt... {crickets}

[@Trelitty11]

@@worklion50 my man 😂💯

[@piggypiggypig1746]

Our gentle Sun has given us a special home. Let us take care of it.

[@Ron4885]

Yes piggypiggy pig. We have been given an amazing amount of 'The right Place at the Right Time'. We are tremendously luck to be here. And look at the news now. With all those advantages we've been given, hate is the God we have chosen.

[@wonkawilly5573]

@@Ron4885 Marxism has created self destructive behavior. The sun, moon and earth will be here long after the enemies of humanity are stomped into ground.

[@sharonneedlesfreedomsnotfr813]

“Take care of it”....what could we possibly do to it?

[@ThePdeHav]

How?

[@theobserver9131]

I really love the sun too. I think it's a great thing, but, take care of it? I really don't think it needs our help! LOL!

[@tmutant]

As far as we can tell, for the vast majority of the history of life on Earth, it was single-celled organisms. Multi-cellular life might be extremely rare.

[@bizonc]

I think that is the case. But for some reason once multi arrives, it sure gives a show.

[@nstratford9073]

what you talking about, 4000 years ago people rode dinosaurs to work

[@axeguy3856]

N Strat Yes! And back then, our cell phones were made of wood and we'd have to make our own 'clicking' sounds when we were pretending to text. Contact lenses were also made of wood back then and splinters made them difficult to wear so we had to sand them very carefully and, well-being opaque-they made riding the smaller and faster dinosaurs quite unsafe. (Sssso glad they invented insurance soon thereafter...) Working under unicellular bosses did nothing for our job satisfaction back then but you sure could pack the little bastards into the boardroom like nobody's business. It was a bad day when you stepped on a whole team of executives because your contact lenses were of a denser hardwood under your sucky benefits and your dino wiped out on the way home all because you were texting your frustration into a small piece of wood when you should have been watching the road. 'Good old days, my ass': we really do have it good nowadays…

[@hydroids]

@@nstratford9073 yabba dabba doo

[@jja1483]

U are correct earthling👾😃

[@maticegiela7868]

Copernicus was Polish. Descended mostly from prominent Polish families from cities that were in the Polish kingdom in his day and are still part of Poland today. He would have spoken Polish and Latin. He was educated there and published his works there. He did have a Prussian grandfather but to say he was German is inaccurate.

[@ehariel1]

So he was Polish aii? So that's why he thought that no one's special! ;)

[@STyXx518]

Wow I’m really glad you cleared that up Man I really cared about that. In fact that’s exactly why I clicked on this video to learn about where Copernicus was from

[@blakekatuin9679]

I’m polish and thanks for pointing this out mati

[@WodkaEclair]

lol nationalists

[@axlYode]

When I heard “German philosopher” I immediately went to the comment section to find this comment, but I didn’t expect it to be the first one hahah

[@thomasfholland]

A belated thank you for this and every other video you’ve made for us. I’m truly thankful, and sometimes amazed, sometimes confused, sometimes melancholy and feeling a bit insignificant. Keep up the great work you have been achieving.

[@zaclazari5490]

I could actually listen to him forever, so happy i found this a few weeks ago. Nothing but amazing content narrated by someone who imo breaks everything down to an absolute tee. Can't wait for more content

[@LEDewey_MD]

Great informative video! And thanks for including the fascinating saga of the Kepler mission. I hadn't read about all of the challenges that it had to face.

[@azathoz]

Not only your contents are extremely interesting and they provide deep thought, but your narration has the beauty of poetry. It's unusual for a science channel to have this beautiful combination of content and narration (I don't mean to diminish other science channels, they are great too, but their narrated approach is more direct). One of the best channels out there, no doubt.

[@njm3211]

BTW Copernicus was a Polish astronomer, not German. Interesting video as usual. Thanks

[@bryankowalczyk3982]

Lol As a proud polish person that was hard to hear 😠😤

[@MichaelMajeran]

Well. It's not easy to determine his nationality in modern terms. Generaly he was a German speaking Polish citizen.

[@bryankowalczyk3982]

@@MichaelMajeran true Poland and Germany have a very complicated history we've been invaded by them multiple times so a lot of poles were and are accustomed to the language places like Silesia still have German influence to this day

[@enlightenedjuan8332]

Thank you for being honest an unbiased, for not following an agenda and admitting when you don't know. In my opinion the more we really look into the universe and science without biased and with an open mind the more it is apparent that there is a creator.

[@StefenTower]

Interesting though is the presentation that says 1 out of 200 stars is like our Sun (500 million conservatively in the Milky Way alone), but yet aren't common. That would seem a bias towards rarity, when the data conservatively suggests "not so rare".

[@Tartersauce101]

@@StefenTower my quick math said 1 out of 300. Still you have a point. I think the presentation is just not detailed enough. What would be important to elucidate is the bit about 'stars like our sun often have more severe solar flares'. Stars like our sun how? Just the same type? Same type and age? Same type and age and belonging to this 'lower third' of activity level? I think that would help.

[@nickkuiper32]

I think this is my favorite channels on all platforms! You guys deliver us such great content, i almost feel myself a professor already, just by taking in your wisdom.

[@TomekSw]

Hi, writing from Toruń, birthplace of Mikołaj Kopernik. Bit offended that you called him German. Great videos BTW, I really love them.

[@mp6814]

Tomek - nie ogladales Seksmisjii?... "Kopernik byla kobieta"! ;-) Moze sie czlowiek zle wyslowil, chociaz podejrzewam, ze to cos gorszego. A moze po prostu nie CoolWorlds nie lubi Kopernika? lol Pozdrawiam.

[@chemicalwonderland2492]

Your videos are all so beautiful, poetic, intelligent, and thought provoking. The video Earth's life from start to finish even brought tears to my eyes and left me in awe. I'm so glad I found your channel.

[@JarodM]

Agreed~

[@stephencech3696]

Thank you very much professor! It's awesome to learn all this from someone with 100% passion. I've never ever had a teacher that cared so much about the subject, and that makes a world of difference

[@robertchilds9809]

Thank you Cool Worlds team for yet another gem. Great topic. And by the way love the outdoor wooded setting for the video. A refreshing change from having to look at everyone's home office! Stay safe and keep the great work coming...

[@phoenixlunaalexandrite3186]

I love your videos, this one was AMAZING. Plus your voice is so incredibly relaxing!!

[@BlackGambit]

That's what I said...I be in a trance almost going to sleep lol

[@rbrtck]

@@BlackGambit Bob Ross: "Zzzzzz..."

[@NeaFiladelfeiaHeat]

Yes his voice gives extra quality to the content.

[@andylindsaytunes]

He sounds like Neil Tennant from Pet Shop Boys. I expect him to say "West. End. giiiirls" at any moment.

[@EK-sv9iq]

droid call the police there’s a madman around..running down underground...

[@gianfrancofronzi8368]

If you can't see how special the whole arrangement of this huge machine, you wouldn't believe it actually exists. Everything is perfect for life. No mistakes. Also the sun burning for billions of years, it should have changed or run low on fuel, but what we will learn is that the whole universe is a huge machine, and energy goes wireless to where there is need and where it is abundant. The possibility of all these factors going on with out a glitch, the moon being at the right place, the sun being at the right place and continuing to work as it has for billions of years. We don't see the picture yet because we believe that it is good chances, nothing is as long lasting to be chance.

[@myfriendbro]

I am from Pakistan and a scientist. I really appreciate these videos. It gives me the feeling of our prsent time Carl Sagan. We as human beings should appreciate science, knowledge that has reached us through the collaborative generation after generation of hard workng individuals from all human nations.

[@TheRealFlenuan]

I absolutely love your videos; they're so well thought-out and scientifically approached, and the production value is remarkably high

[@PrzecietnyCzlowiekX]

Absolutely love the narration, and the content. Also Mikołaj Kopernik was Polish with Prussian/German descendancy. Definetly he was not German Astronomer, he was born and lived in very mixed culturally city back then in Polish Kingdom, studied on Polish University, and definetly Germans are envy of Kopernik :)

[@The1stDukeDroklar]

I'm hard of hearing so I always watch with the subtitles on. Just so you know, he changed it to "*Polish astronomer" in the subtitles.

[@thoughtsofapeer]

I have no doubt in my mind you hear this a lot, but I want to explicitly mark your work here as exceptional. The respect I have for you and your team is massive and I have watched everything on your channel multiple times in awe. Please make sure you find someone as inspiring and capable as yourself to keep this channel going and growing as you in hopefully a long time from now will retire. The importance of your work here is as great as the universe. The importance of reporting your findings without any intermediaries, specifically the precision and agility it allows, we can't be without.

[@ciaranchew]

I only just found your channel, absolutely compelling, as a child Carl Sagan switched on my mind with his series Cosmos, your channel has awoken those same thoughts and feelings in me. Thank you for taking the time to make this content and for being a superb educator.

[@RandomStuff-he7lu]

One of the other ways in which it appears we may be "special" has been the discovery that we are in a void. A void being a region of space in which the density of galaxies is low, very low. Not only do we live in a void but our void is a super void meaning that it is a lot bigger than "normal" voids. And not just any super void, the largest super void in the observable universe. This presents the problem that our measurements of how fast the universe is expanding may have been thrown off by living in an unusual part of the universe.

[@dandywaysofliving]

If the universe is expanding and we can't travel back and forth even at light speed. . I assume. Early life had a choice. Go with the flow, or fight the tide. . But contextually since this is space, would it not be easier to just travel inward to the "center" since it is traveling towards you. . If u travel away it might be more difficult or easier. . The defining factor, the direction your galaxy travels and where the big bang emminated from. . The real question. Where do we stand from the center. . Is life emminating from a circular safe zone from the big bang? Or is it a time thing. . If life existed before us and is out there. Would we find more in the edge or towards the center?

[@InvaderGIR98]

A bigger void than the bootes void?

[@BobbbyJoeKlop]

The work that the team is producing here is really incredible. It's so uniquely creative and innovative. Many arguments have been made about what constitutes a definition of life over time. From self-replication to carbon-based chemistry, etc. Although one that has always struck me as the broadest catch-all conception is that on all levels-life seeks out and thrives in low entropy environments. Almost as if the raison d'etre of life is to forever fight entropy. Indeed, a low entropic star like our Sun fits this conception of where life might find a hospitable home quite perfectly. Though order can be seen in natural formations throughout the universe; it's difficult to conceive of discovering extrasolar life without a low entropic signature of some sort. In this vein, it seems that this conception is where we should really begin our search for extrasolar life: low entropic stellar and galactic environments. This idea, in particular, got me thinking-about Hoag's Object (PGC 54559) and the Terrascope concept. I can't recall ever seeing such an ordered structure in all of Astronomy. Indeed, some of the largest constructions ever created by our species throughout history have been observatories. Could it be that Hoag's Object is a massive galactic lens structure? With the outer ring forming a kind of aperture that can be manipulated? It's often conceived that the manipulation of matter would be a telltale sign of life, but what about the manipulation and structural management of empty space as well?

[@tomasb8986]

Love your videos, huge respect! We need more people like you ❤️❤️❤️🇱🇹

[@Gnevnyj]

Absolutely loved the setting used for filming! Greenery, chirping birds! Such a right decision, even if caused by the current situation - this puts at the center the very thing that the video talks about, the sun and all the life it creates here on Earth. Also, your voice is so comforting! Perfect for the calm discussion of science, especially study of such grand scales. It puts me in a trance-like state, but not like a sedative, just calms a mind immediately - to listen, to think and to remember what really matters.

[@CoolWorldsLab]

Thanks! It’s always tricky with lighting and audio outside, especially as someone who’s trained in astronomy and not cinematography! But I personally really enjoy a change of scenery and getting some fresh air for filming.

[@lotusalivelight24]

What you have done (by yourself !), is what is known as ‘film magic,’ lol, & man, there are reams of ‘info,’ & ideas, written about it !!! &, you have such wonderful info, to impart ! 💜✨🔆🌎. [Early filmmakers, before advent of ‘sound,’ had to be ‘inventive,’ & some were great masters at it, ref. modern film ‘Hugo,’ about the early filmic wizard, Georges Melies, played by Ben Kingsley... for example, lol, film & astronomy, are 2 great loves of my own ! ]. I Love what you have given us here. Thank you, most sincerely.

[@Debbie-henri]

Yes, I also like to see videos filmed outside. As I spend several hours of nearly every day either gardening or out walking, makes me feel right at home while listening to a subject that's interested me since a young child.

[@zrevan4262]

thoughtfulness and curiosity seems to run in my blood :) I am your new fan! my life is a bit more complete now that i have discovered a super giant of a channel like yours! i absolutely adore the way you guys create the videos. the background music is very soothing and meditative. I can understand what you are saying. and that ease of understanding further encourages me to seek more out by my lonesome! :P Please keep up the awesome work! and feel free to point out really good, intellectually stimulating channels :) ^^

[@petersafari9882]

thank you. we need more channels like these

[@dbsti3006]

There's something about this guy's explanation of things. I've recently stumbled upon his videos, and I'm hooked.

[@digitalsoultech]

This is the best channel on KZbin. Hands down. Interesting mix of history, scientific depth, incredible narrative, storytelling and excellent videography. Well done Cool Worlds. Bravo. 👏👏👏

[@bobbygoestoabyss6624]

it is fascinating how things that are vital for us can be dangerous and deadly at the same time. Instead of seeing the forces of nature entirely negatively, we should remember that they are part of a larger system that guarantees our lives.

[@williamhuertas2235]

Absolutely love this, more, more, more please, I'm so humbled to understand we are star dust

[@avizarob]

I've said it before, but thank you SO MUCH for this channel and your efforts in making it. It captures my imagination absolutely! Please keep these amazing videos coming!!

[@CoolWorldsLab]

Thanks! Bit slow this month with teaching restarting here at Columbia but should be back to videos next week

[@avizarob]

@@CoolWorldsLab thanks for your reply! 😁 I'll keep a look out for those new videos! 👍

[@dennisfordii9737]

Just wanted to say thank you . A refreshing dose of honesty !

[@Huntermyth]

this isn't the channel we wanted, but this is the channel we needed.

[@iangardiner]

"We live on a vast surface beneath which we cannot see." Such artistry.

[@mirG]

I think our sun is rare, and that combined with what getting hit by Thea did for our planet makes it a quite unusual place.

[@jameshoey303]

I am so happy to have discovered this series of podcasts...please keep up the great work...very appreciated

[@CoolWorldsLab]

Thanks but this isn’t a podcast!!

[@kidmowgli]

I now preemptively like these videos before I've even seen them. They're always interesting and I'm lapping them up.

[@colinsmith1495]

Another fascinating 'special' piece that we've started to come to understand recently is the structure of our solar system. This may be a bias of them being easier to find, but we've found a LOT of solar systems where the 'inner system' (i.e. the Goldilocks zone) is filled with a couple massive gas giants, Jupiters or larger. No rocky worlds that might host liquid water and life there, at least not as independent planets. And even rocky, Earth-sized moons are likely uninhabitable, between the gas giants' radiation belts, the gravitational flux commonly seen in such moons in our system, and the extended periods of total solar eclipse as the moon moves into the shadow of the giant. Our system has no such 'inner giants', and instead seems to host a slew of 'outer giants', something we again haven't seen in many systems yet. It is theorized that these 'outer giants' acted as asteroid shields during the more chaotic periods of the early system, allowing life an earlier start on Earth than it may otherwise have enjoyed.

[@marked4death076]

Interesting for sure

[@marked4death076]

Ive always been curious about gas giants, i mean wouldnt they just expand or disperse quickly rather then become a huge planet?

[@williambuckman8359]

There is evidence that suggests that Jupiter was on an inward spiral towards the sun also but Saturn actually pulled Jupiter back to the outer solar system!

[@vikranttyagiRN]

One of the best and most underappreciated channels on KZbin by a long shot

[@RBYU001]

Another great video! You really do a great job man. Thank you!

[@lucyfyre6126]

Who else instantly hits the like button before watching a Cool Worlds video because you already know you will love it and don't want to forget?

[@tommyjoewagner7780]

Man I wish I had the brains and/or the money to study under you at Columbia.

[@keithreid0911]

I absolutely love his work 🙏🏾great job!!

[@natem7440]

Fantastic video. I follow this channel occasionally (but always enjoy it ) for interesting content but this one will have me subbed. I enjoy the calm manner opposed to the "machine gun facts atchya" science videos. Also the data and scientific reasoning is presented with a combination of poetic expression and good teaching ( i.e. illustrations and examples). This video touches on one of the most sensitive questions of why and how we got here - which can be controversial - but for me is the most fundamental and most interesting. The challenge is for many arguments we only have a sample size of ONE. But there is some data providing new sample sizes such as the stars and Sun in this case. What i appreciate with this style is what to do the facts tell us so far? Such as how common or uncommon? What do measurements and analysis actually indicate from a quantitative view? How much? How often? How many? This is different from the implications or drawing any conclusions. A person can determine the implications for themselves if there are any. ( yes i am referring to Design vs. Materialist views). So i appreciate the Cool Worlds approach of leaving out debatable conclusions but just presents the current data and reasons on it to answer quantitative questions. And of course some may not like the implications - some may not like the implications that our sun is rare - but that is not science. I admire not being afraid of presenting data because of fear someone might "high-jack" it for a religious view. True Science is not partial to our prejudices. I realize some prefer Copernican viewpoints because with enough Galaxies there will be enough Stars to have enough planets to have enough "perfect" conditions to have enough moist ponds with enough amino acids to make enough proteins to provide enough opportunities for complex organic compounds to form to provide enough chances for a collection of them to become alive for enough of those give the chance for just one to become self replicating - and survive the UV other threats to it's existence. But if the Copernican principle is shattered? So what? Why be uncomfortable with it? That's what the data tells us at the moment.

[@ProximaCentauri88]

His dedication and passion is admirable. I cannot believe this channel just has less than 500k subscribers. Guys, let's tell everyone to subscribe to his channel and support his research by not skipping ads.

[@MaloPiloto]

Thank you, Dr. Kipping, for another excellent presentation! I have believed that “Rare Earth” is probably correct . It seems that “Rare Sun”, as far as we now know, applies as well….

[@haimlevy1950]

Dear Mr Kipping, thanks for the presentation. Just like your other video on whether we are alone or not in the vastness of the universe, so too, in this one your presentation is superb and you manage to keep "neutral". I was expecting though to see towards which side you are leaning but no avail. I did come to the conclusion that the sun is rare, the earth is rare and we are unique and alone; based on your presentation. "The sun ripens a bunch of grapes as if it had nothing else in the universe to do (Galileo Galilei)" Thank you again.

[@Fit_Joydeep]

I am not even close to anything a scientist but my god he sure explains it to the core. Plus it's asmr to my mind. I think more when I hear him. Good job doctor. Keep up the good work. Enlighten us commons more about things we don't know.

[@yogiwp_]

Your videos never fail to amaze me. Thank you for making this!

[@phoule76]

Great Demotions, what a great, humbling term!

[@ThomasGrillo]

A brilliant presentation. Thank you for sharing this with us. :)

[@charliecrome207]

Are we not special for existing at all? The fact that there is something rather than nothing is mind blowing to me

[@jessicamorgan3073]

Interesting video, thanks. Would detailed observations of our 'solar siblings', HD 162826 and HD 186302 confirm or deny how rare the Sun is?

[@messier8379]

However im also wondering why NASA don't review or research deeper on the nearer Yellow dwarf star named Tau Ceti which is only 12 lightyears away on our solar system.. Its mass is 79% of sun and Luminousity of 65-70% of our Sun,it has three Rocket world (4 Planets confirmed)and two of those Rocky world were potentially Habitable, accordingly it was 7Billion years old(3Billion years older than our Sun)yet it still Cooler and dimmer than our sun cause its it has slightly less mass than our sun means it will live stable for another 2Billion years.. In my Opinion why not NASA put their heads on to Study Tau Ceti since its similar to our sun and has also a massive solar system similar to our own

[@Eghizio]

2:25 Nicolas Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) was Polish. As referred in Britannica Encyclopedia and other sources. Him and his family were living on Polish Crown grounds, and that dictated the nationality at the time.

[@slav3810]

Agree. Can't believe this channel got this wrong.

[@slav3810]

Agree. Copernicus also studied at a Polish of university of Cracow.

[@Eghizio]

@@slav3810 yes. I didn't want to make the comment too long so anybody can check it by themselves.

[@michalkowalczyk]

Dear Professor, the correction stated in the video description is not enough. The video itself still provides misleading fact. You should retract it, correct it, and reupload. Kind regards,

[@olemuell5979]

@@michalkowalczyk he should at least put an annotation in the video when he talks about him

[@charlesroer972]

There’s a lot of info on this subject, don’t stop with one . Even after 70yrs I have new questions , and questions never stop

[@decemberhare]

Thanks. Such a great video. Well ordered, nicely told with good visuals and a great voice!

[@masterchief1435]

The quality of these videos never stops impressing me. This channel and Issac Arthur are far and away the 2 best cosmology/futurism channels on this site. Thanks for the effort y’all put into this, it is greatly appreciated.

[@CoolWorldsLab]

Thanks Jason, it means a lot to hear that!

[@BlackGambit]

Yea I like isaac Arthur accent lol. But cool worlds videos seems to be idk like theres just a calm and peaceful vibe I get from his videos almost hypnotic. I find myself falling in a trance lol

[@jamesconroy5905]

@@BlackGambit It's not an accent, it's a speech impediment.

[@TheDalitis8]

Also, Event Horizon

[@ArthurMottergan]

Astrum and Anton Petrov are also great channels.

[@chrisbarker2700]

I love your shows and think you're a brilliant scientist. I have also always thought maybe it's our sun that's different and why there is life here. Not the earth necessarily.

[@Ksennie]

Malmquist bias has the auto caption of "Mom Quiz Bias" and I love it.

[@Nanocology]

Oh thank you for this channel. On behalf of all those whose spiritual self is already out there exploring and colonising the galaxy, thank you

[@user-earthandfire]

that was simultaneously exciting and sad. Thank You for your incredible videos

[@arbez101]

Why in the galaxy would any part of the presentation make one sad, I wonder? What specifically, andrew, has made you feel sad? Is it the part where he said Copernicus was German? That was unsportsmanlike.

[@bdetert82]

Sad in the sense that so many unlikely events had to transpire to form our sun and this solar system and our planet that it is more than likely that we are alone in this galaxy. At least in the sense that we are the only macroscopic technological species

[@joshm3008]

The fact there isn't any earth analog in our own solar i.e a rocky planet with a large moon is terrifying in itself. Now that astronomers are scaling out to extrasolar systems and seeing that not only are earths rare, but also sun like stars it is really eye opening.

[@johncronin9540]

Josh M And there’s also the fact that we are in a stable orbit in the right part of the galaxy. Not too close to the center, with lots of radiation, but not too distant, where stars tend to be metal poor (and thus have fewer of the elements needed for a rocky planet like Earth.

[@peterchurch2338]

"At the end of time, a moment will come when just one man remains. Then the moment will pass. Man will be gone. There will be nothing to show that we were ever here... but stardust. " - Pinbacker

[@tombutler6827]

Thanks for sharing knowledge. 👍 🍻 Didn’t finish High School, went to the Army. I love to learn new information.

[@stevencoardvenice]

I was raised being told that the sun is unremarkable and typical and average. And that Pluto is the 9th planet from the sun. I'm overwhelmed by all these changes. I need some stability

[@outofthebluebloomingmoonli7705]

oi- we all do bud- we all do

[@stevencoardvenice]

@Rob Max No u

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Another interesting, informative, and excellent video. Even reducing the percentage to 0.5%, as stated near the conclusion of the video, given the astronomical numbers, we are still dealing with huge numbers. Another consideration and concern is the effects of even moderate increase in solar activity on, e.g., the atmosphere, animal and human health, the electrical grid, communications satellites, and electrical and electronic components. Such a solar event similar or greater than the Carrington Event would likely cause cascading failures and lead to a plurality of major worldwide disasters.

[@fredricknietzsche7316]

yes but only because we did not build for Carrington levels, but if too powerful it could/would blow atmosphere right off or microwave (ish) the planet periodically (both not good for life).

[@runs_through_the_forest]

@@fredricknietzsche7316 carrington level flares are common, the fact that more and more stars are found to have a cycle of recurring x-flare or micro nova is slightly more disturbing.. if you are interested in such events which our ancestors might have witnessed thousands of years ago, i'd recommend this paper by Anthony L. Peratt: Characteristics for the Occurrence of a High-Current, Z-Pinch Aurora as Recorded in Antiquity. this paper is one that makes you think and ponder, you are warned..

[@schmeegil2240]

@@runs_through_the_forest suspicious observers has it right .

[@trevkline3902]

This channel is pure gold

[@johnthompson7611]

Oh yes our sun continues to amaze us with its warmth and life giving rays...an amazing video as ever. Scientifically researched unlike many other sensationalised KZbin channels. A very thought provoking premise that both the Sun and the Earth are rare cousins...and that we are the custodians and tenants of life in this cosmological event... Amazing video...Amazing narration. Keep these videos coming.

[@dianabudzik7636]

Wow! Great great video! This answers a question I’ve long wondered about-just how prevalent are stars like our sun? It’s amazing to learn how rare stars like our sun truly are! Thank you very much for making this video!

[@superslyai3675]

When I was young the Sun was yellow...Now it'is bright white. Why?

[@d3vilmaycry25]

Atmospheric scattering of light.

[@GeorgeStar]

You've been staring at it too long.

[@jeschinstad]

Was the snow also yellow when you were young?

[@3glitch9]

kzbin.info

[@Epicurean999]

Sir You explain "Stuff" with greatest of ease that a person with degree in Architecture and who wanted to be a Doctor understands it. (I wanted to be An Astronaut at age five🙃) I fell in Love with this Magnificent- Magical-Motherly Universe all over again.

[@code4chaosmobile]

Great video and cant get enough discussion around are we alone? Thank you for your passion and dedication to your craft.

[@patrickcarroll7411]

Questions. What is the true age of the sun relative to us due to its gravity? Do the sun flares we see occur much slower from the sun’s perspective?

[@jeschinstad]

I don't think the sun is massive enough for time dilation to be a significant factor.

[@seaoftranquility7228]

The fault lies not in ourselves but in our stars. I see what you did there.

[@enilenis]

Fascinating video for someone obsessed with cosmos. Thank you for making it.

[@terrymellor857]

He does which a good job of explaining things really takes you into the subject matter.

[@PhoenixBiasAmberBiasMusic]

I ask this humbly, as I have no science background, but from my uneducated standpoint, is it possible that the 'Rare Earth' and 'Rare Sun' hypotheses exist co-dependently? I mean to ask.. is it possible the Mars sized object that crashed into Proto-Earth which purportedly created the Earth and Moon as we now know them to be also coincidentally occurred within the reach of a 'Rare Sun'? Can a 'Rare Sun" give rise to life simply by being a 'Rare Sun'?

[@PhoenixBiasAmberBiasMusic]

How far out can we reasonably extrapolate this effect? Rare Sun, Rare Earth, Rare Solar system, Rare Quiet Spot on an Outer Arm of a Rare Galaxy in a relatively quiet parcel of space......? Could crunching these numbers give us a better idea of the possibility and possible locations of intelligent life?

[@PhoenixBiasAmberBiasMusic]

I apologize for my naivete in these matters. I cannot speak intelligently about physics or mathematics or the like, though I wish I could. Your presentations of the workings of the Cosmos are captivating, to say the least. What intrigues me are the pattern repetitions in nature that seem to apply equally in the macro and micro worlds. Given the equilibrium Einstein's theory of relativity gifts to everything outside of a singularity, is it too far a stretch to use our galactic pattern, in its entirety, as the benchmark for where to look for life?

[@SnootchieBootchies27]

I don't have a science background, but after watching this, it does make me wonder if that is the solution to the fermi paradox. That having a rare earth that orbits a rare sun is so rare, that it only happens once every few galaxies or so.

[@PhoenixBiasAmberBiasMusic]

@@SnootchieBootchies27 Thank you for the like. 'Rare' is a term used so frequently when referring to life on this planet and our planet itself. I think the math is going in the wrong direction. If you add up the rarity factors it would show how impossible it is that we are here. And yet here we are. Phx Bias

[@ore4619]

@@PhoenixBiasAmberBiasMusic Bad news: "The ability to retain an atmosphere is related to the magnetic field, which is also driven by internal heating. Prof. Primack noted that the heavy elements crucial to radiogenic heating are created during mergers of neutron stars, which are extremely rare events. The abundance of uranium and thorium appear to be key factors, possibly even another dimension for defining a Goldilocks planet."

[@michaelgreer3512]

This KZbin channel is gold. Idk how I stumbled across it, but I’m so glad I did. Great stuff!

[@jeschinstad]

Event Horizon maybe? Kipping talked about his amazing Terrascope idea. Event Horizon is also a very good channel.

[@pyrrhat]

I came to hear your poetic voice again. Admirable research and narration

[@albertchehade9916]

This is a wonderful & clear explanation as to how life on this planet, in this Universe has absolutely nothing to do with religion, and everything to do with the 'roll of the dice'.

[@thelaughinghyenas8465]

How could you get THAT one wrong? Everybody who's part Polish in the country must be SCREAMING!

[@abekasper9796]

Oh

[@TheDisabledGamersChannel]

Every time i see a video by you pop up i can't click fast enough, the production quality, the narration, it's top top shelf quality, i love your videos so much, thank you for providing us all with such amazing content.

[@korralynlewis5883]

@TheDisabledGamer im am all so a disabled gamer

[@yeska62]

You said it. Now I don't have to do it. 👍👍👍😊

[@rjtheryan]

Just discovered this channel today. Truly amazing production and research. Cool Worlds deserves hundreds of thousands, if not millions more subscribers.

[@CoolWorldsLab]

Thanks that means a lot!

[@TheDisabledGamersChannel]

@@korralynlewis5883 Hello there !

[@majormelon8855]

Please keep making more videos, your work is amazing

[@jeffreyneedle2191]

Outstanding! I'd be interested in knowing more about the potential for life around K stars. Keep posting.

[@johnfyten3392]

Life is such an unbelievably beautiful gift. The fact that we exist, right here and right now, is a very special occurrence. Hopefully more people can realize this, and try to be a little kinder and more understanding to one another.

[@nigelbutterfield8533]

Not a cat in hells chance, from what I am observing about human behaviour post 1st wave covid.