Colonizing Giant Stars

[@LordBitememan]

I'm just waiting for the video "Colonizing Supernovas," because after years of watching this channel I've abandoned the notion that anything is impossible.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

That is something we talk about in "Killing Stars" :)

[@thek2despot426]

There is the video "Things Which Will Never Exist" though.

[@paullilly7921]

@@isaacarthurSFIA why is that everytime i watch your channel my mind is blown? Im not dumb, i have an iq of 132 and have never attended college, but I consider myself well (self) educated. Just some of the things you cover and consider are out of my realm of possibility mentaly.

[@carlousmagus5387]

@@isaacarthurSFIA How could one Kill a Star? Seriously there's has to be a way or two of three.

[@carlousmagus5387]

@@paullilly7921 I'm right there with you: High Intelligence but lacking the fantasy piece of paper and star crushing debt that takes generations to pay off.

[@monke8797]

Aerobraking through a star. I love how scifi concepts can make perfect sense while sounding completely insane at the same time

[@Rose_Harmonic]

I'm often disappointed at how stale and out of date normal sci fi is when awesome concepts like orbital rings and interstellar laser highways can happen within real physics. So many stories are left untold and I'm going to have to tell them myself if nobody else gets on the ball.

[@anoninunen]

"Captain! We need to slow down or we will be flung into the interstellar void!" "COWABUNGA IT IS!"

[@isaiahphillip4112]

@@Rose_Harmonic Interstellar laser highways are very cool, but do operate on centuries/millenia kind of timescales so I can see why they aren't a Hollywood go to.

[@midnight8341]

I mean, the Destiny in Stargate Universe made an airbreak maneuver through the outer atmosphere of a gas giant to fling itself into the star of the system, where it dove through the heliosphere to recharge its energy capacitor banks. Some sci-fi series use those crazy concepts.

[@remiscott9843]

No wake zone

[@davidweikle9921]

This Arthursday I got off work from my night shift, kissed my wife, ran my son to school, showered and got ready to settle in for a few hours of SFIA while I sleep.

[@shawnmckernan2277]

Lol Isaac tucks me in to bed too.

[@declanquigg6343]

Me too!!

[@davidweikle9921]

@@nou4898 not anymore

[@XenHat]

Me too :)

[@nou4898]

100th like

[@erichtomanek4739]

If a star is too big and you have the technology, stellar lifting is an option. Shrink it to a yellow or orange star in time. And imagine all the mass you could use! And with fusion technology, all the elements you could create! Gold! Mass, Mass, Mass, that's all I think about.

[@Dragrath1]

I think there is a point at which it will become hard to change the fate of a star's lifetime by much mainly since mass really indirectly controls the mean lifetime particularly by controlling the core temperature the removal of mass would still have an effect but the systems response time to that removal might be too long for it to be useful. If in the early phases of a massive star starlifting can probably effectively prevent a supernovae but beyond that the prospects become dismal largely because the stars fate will have already become baked in by not only the extreme core temperatures but the drastically decreasing duration of each successive core burning stage. Near the end of the process such as silicon burning the time for the star to burn through all its fuel is basically measured in hours or days. If you have time reducing the mass can have a more dramatic effect if you lower remove enough mass to cause the current core burning reactions to be radiating above their Eddington luminosity but that will have its own problems namely radiating the star apart with all that energy will still effectively produce an explosion as that is basically what a stars radiative pressure really is. But if the time needed to reach decelerate and set up starlifting is less than the stars remaining lifetime before supernovae that is setting up for disaster. :P Though maybe Isaac Arthur will surprise us with a video on the practical uses of supernovae. :P As an amusing note I realized while writing this response is that there is still in principal enough time to reach R136 a1the most massive star known our local group within the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy ~163000 light years away yet there ironically isn't enough time to actually reach the much closer Eta Carinae that is only ~7500 light years away in our own Milky Way. This is because R136 a1 is still in its main sequence with over a million years to go thanks to it existing within the extreme high mass fully convective phase while Eta Carinae is in its death throws of tearing itself apart from our perspective likely only having a few thousand years to go before we see it meet its end. This means Eta Carinae likely has already exploded several thousands of years ago the light just hasn't had enough time to reach us yet. Astronomical scales are mind bending. XD

[@Drew_McTygue]

Great stuff Isaac. I'm thinking about moving to a red dwarf t though. My descendents might be a tad upset when they discover I've doomed them to a supernova

[@fvckyoutubescensorshipandt2718]

Or worse, you also discover immortality and doom yourself to a supernova.

[@wolvenar]

You moved there, no reason to think you (or they) can't leave.

[@thedonjavon-23]

@@fvckyoutubescensorshipandt2718 even if ships move super slow they will know the supernova is coming thousands of years in advance so they can move

[@thedonjavon-23]

and hey maybe they can live around the black hole or neutron star that comes from the blast

[@Moriddin]

... Think bigger, star form it out of supernova range to build/power your swarm. Should be easy enough to know before you head for the star if you have time.

[@phaedrus000]

How do you know when someone is from the Vega system? Just wait a few minutes and they'll tell you.

[@parkershaw8529]

Epic!

[@1Jo9777]

Vega baby

[@KamikazeMedias]

Vega? You mean Vegeta?

[@francoislacombe9071]

Fun fact. Vega is a variable star, but it was believed to be constant in brightness for a very long time, so much so that astronomers were using it to calibrate their star brightness measurements. That didn't cause too much trouble when brightness was being estimated visually, but it became an issue when they switched to far more accurate photoelectric instruments. It still took them decades to figure out why their measurements were not as accurate and consistent as they were expecting.

[@michaelpettersson4919]

I did not know that. An interesting factoid. Thanks.

[@IFRYRCE]

Isaac, ty for all you do. This content is amazing.

[@nanoblast5748]

I can only imagine that, if ftl travel would ever be a thing, then data shipping will become a valuable industry.

[@BifordusMaximus]

You need something like a courier ship (Think space mailman). Thier sole purpose would be to jump in, collect and send data (if there is a colony) for a determined amount of time, then jump out.

[@justgetmeonhere]

If we could move matter ftl, might that imply we could move photons as well? Why not just transmit the data directly? Then again, moving ftl does have time travel implications. You could put your message on a carrier ship and it would arrive to the recipient *before* you sent it. Can’t get much faster than that. 🤔

[@Rose_Harmonic]

@@justgetmeonhere that's only if you can cross space faster than light which already takes infinite energy to meet. If you achieve FTL by moving space or by bending space, read warp driving and wormholes, then you don't necessarily experience relativity esp not backwards time travel.

[@Greenguerilla1]

@@BifordusMaximus l LLP

[@Vinlaell]

@@justgetmeonhere approaching the speed of light time slows down but the whole idea of faster than light travel bypasses all of that by moving SpaceTime you can end up at another point in space instantly without having to travel through time so no there's not going to be time travel implications

[@feryth]

Drink and snack? I listen to Isaac while having my dinner!

[@PhiltheMoko]

I usually listen while I'm cooking dinner or doing the dishes

[@AtlasReburdened]

This episode brings back my ponderings on how we could "stir" stars that are too large to efficiently cycle through their hydrogen through natural convection.

[@randomguy4167]

I often think about this too,stars that aren’t Red Dwarfs are disturbingly inefficient,stars like our sun and larger might be made to last for trillions of years and probably way longer than red dwarfs due to the fact that there’s simply so much more hydrogen there.If we can force a star to be more efficient with their hydrogen reserves,there’s no reason why we wouldn’t be able to simultaneously cycle in fresh hydrogen gas from elsewhere and remove metals from the core to essentially keep our sun around for potentially wayyy longer than the universe would normally allow. There’s literally no downside,we’d be keeping the sun alive for such a long period of time that calling it forever wouldn’t be inaccurate for all intents and purposes and we’d be getting literally a stellar crapton of metals too make stuff with. Since stars are plasma which are ionised particles,maybe we could stir it with some huge and powerful magnets?

[@PolarDoc22]

Just need a big enough spoon

[@midnight8341]

@@randomguy4167 why not just do starlifting on a massive scale, extract all the metals (everything above helium in astrophysics terms) and let the hydrogen flow back into the star. It's only about percentages. Keep the percentage of hydrogen high enough and the star will mostly burn that.

[@xXx_Regulus_xXx]

@@PolarDoc22 there are comically large spoons, and then there are cosmically large spoons.

[@ottertvmtg6229]

got my drink and my snack this morning in preparation!

[@svchineeljunk-riggedschoon4038]

Just coffee and a joint here, but that'll do ^_^

[@michaelpettersson4919]

I prepared by adding to my transition to become a cyborg. I already have an artificial eye lens and today I have two access ports to my body installed. One to my bloodstream and a drainage port to a lung. Yep I write this from a hospital...

[@45proteinconsumer]

same!!

[@reallyryan_]

@@svchineeljunk-riggedschoon4038 so healthy...

[@sudocheese]

@@michaelpettersson4919 Good luck, you!

[@kairon156]

KZbin needs to be able to exempt world builders and science channels who've been around for a while. Exempt them from "violent" warnings due to the creative and or factual nature of their channels.

[@xXx_Regulus_xXx]

are you getting one of those fact-checker chirons on this video?

[@lololman]

Yeeeessss! A Red Giant Stellaser Hub, the ultimate crown jewel of the Empire, perfect peacekeeper of the galaxy! Let's see you rebel scums try to blow this one up!

[@marcopohl4875]

Dude who's not quite sure if he wants to join the rebellion yet: "that mega-stellaser is for pushing ships, right?" -totally- (not) -evil- emperor: *glancing at a planet he wants to blow up* "riiight..."

[@prasoongupta12]

Dammit Issac, I just want to take time to say that I love you from bottom of my heart.

[@mrtspence]

As always, a wonderful episode. I remember quite a while back when these videos used to only get a fraction of the exposure they do now. It truly gladdens me to see so many people expanding their minds and enjoying this fantastic content.

[@whatwhale5888]

This the earliest I ever been. Happy I get to start my day off with coffee and Isaac

[@Alphacheesehunter]

Being a cyborg, I brought my charging cable and lubricant for this episode.

[@kinguin7]

Hmm, kinky.

[@noori2105]

@@kinguin7 kinky

[@NT-sx2bd]

.... lubricant?

[@massimookissed1023]

As a cyborg, you should be a *wambot.*

[@plasmacritter]

I had an idea for a type of instant communication. in theory, you can use entangled particles to relay information across any distance instantly. for example, 2 ships across the galaxy are fighting a war, if one collapses the quantum state of an entangled particle. that means the other particle will be collapsed and now you can make binary code out of that with the particles being collapsed or not collapsed. because you can now transmit binary code between 2 points instantly, you can then add a third point in the middle that serves as a hub. you can send a single to that main hub and the hub can send signals to any ship in your fleet instantly, so now you established a way to communicate complex ideas across any distance in the universe instantly to only your ships. basically the ultimate form of communication.

[@noori2105]

No information

[@darthmortus5702]

This whole episode I was like, *but starlifting* whenever the issue of stars "dying" came up. Luckily I see at the end that you left that for next episode rather than forgot to mention it ;)

[@Dragrath1]

Yeah and starlifting should be even easier in some respects around a evolved star since they are radiating at or close to their Eddington luminosity. The con is that that material will be less concentrated thanks to said radiation pressure but everything has trade offs. I must admit I'm skeptical that starlifting can effectively prevent a supernovae largely because the stars fate will have already been baked in by the extreme core temperatures but if they are radiating above their Eddington luminosity that should fix itself for stars still in the hydrogen or helium burning phases so those aren't the phases I worry about. The problem is if the star has gone into the later phases burning carbon neon magnesium oxygen silicon etc. as the time coreburing each successive element is orders of magnitude shorter than the previous phase. So even starlifting has its limits specifically any star that is close to or further away than the estimated time before supernovae isn't going to work very well. :P Though maybe Isaac Arthur will surprise us with a video on the practical uses of supernovae. :P

[@midnight8341]

@@Dragrath1 but the thing is, if you take away mass from the star (on a massive scale) you could in principle restart the core convections bringing unburnt hydrogen and helium from the outer core regions back into the fusion zone and basically reset the stellar clock.

[@remiscott9843]

@@midnight8341 couldn't you move a black hole near a star to siphon off mass on a massive scale, and also slow time on your vessel?

[@Fridaey13txhOktober]

@@remiscott9843 Too big of a black hole. But a black hole would heat up a star by orbiting inside it.

[@Fridaey13txhOktober]

@@Dragrath1 In theory, if a near-Supernova star loses mass, the reaction still keeps it from going supernova would stop much like what would happen if it was "burned". The elements generated would come in different ratios. A Stapledon sphere, if it can contain millions of degree Celsius, could turn the sun into a blue giant just by stopping its energy from escaping. Doesn't even need to direct energy at parts of the star to cause eruptions all the way to the Sphere, once the blue giant "surface" is close enough, it can be siphoned away.

[@diGritz1]

Lets all hope by the time this rolls around HOA's are a forgotten history. "0_o"

[@vincentcleaver1925]

I need to listen to the end bit about diving into a giant star to decelerate; I want to see some numbers....

[@epicmonkeysandapes9896]

Can't wait for exo stellar civilizations :DDDDDD

[@thedoruk6324]

Someone said new *Gigastructural* Engineering Mod

[@midnight8341]

But you wouldn't build a Nicoll-Dyson Beam, now would you? xD That gigantic structure is purely to gather enough energy for our interstellar laser highways! Only civilian purposes!

[@atlanciaza]

Arthursday, and outward bound, what have we done to recieve this amazing present, Thank you kindly, Isaac.

[@revenevan11]

34:00 I remember learning about the Dark Sky "Paradox" during my senior year of high school physics class's astrophysics unit! Great episode, can't wait for the next ones in this series!!!

[@BobbyJamesCote333]

I absolutely Love this channel Isaac... Thank you for the all the hard work ❤😊👽

[@guillermoelnino]

next up: colonizing the inside of a black hole

[@FLPhotoCatcher]

We might all be...

[@randomguy4167]

@@FLPhotoCatcher inside one already?

[@guillermoelnino]

@@jerryatrick6127 i was being sarcastic

[@cootycatcher6608]

I just found this channel! Wich is a shame that it's taken me so long to find it , but awesome because now I have tons of content to absorb! Thanks bud!!

[@cootycatcher6608]

O and the audio book Ringworld brought me here lol. Someone in the comments said this channel brought them there!

[@mathiaslist6705]

Braking - a good point and indeed not a neglectable one when it comes to settling stars .... never seriously considered crashing into a star just for breaking before this episode ... now I am willing to take a closer look and probably do some calculations

[@LaserGuidedLoogie]

David Weber and Steve White referred to Arcturus as an "Orange Giant" in their series "Stars at war 1 & 2," a very fun sci-fi story. As for colonizing Red Giants, it seems to me that you might have a problem with getting there and setting up shop given the fact that it might take a long transit time, and given the transitory nature of these system, it might not be what you expected when you first started out.

[@youtubeisajoke2546]

The future episodes sound so amazing! Thanks for the content :]

[@desp1172]

make a video about colonizing brown dwarfs and rogue planets systems alike :D They could serve as gas stations or something like that.

[@keepmoving1185]

Your content and narration keeps getting better

[@usethescience3389]

Isaac, Incredible content as always. Have you read the book To sleep In a Sea of stars? It's a quite realistic book series other than FTL, which is a lot more realistic than normal there. It's by Christopher Paolini.

[@usethescience3389]

It might be really interesting for you to look at the concepts there or analyze how realistic it is

[@nicholasmetcraft9272]

We’re blessed to have someone like Isaac that takes the time to share his knowledge. These must take ages to make. Thanks Isaac 🙂

[@davidbrennan660]

This channel could conquer our local cluster if it was not for KZbin it seems.

[@firestarten]

Vegans tend to talk a lot about the superior efficiency of their energy use.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Less middlemen in the chain generally is more efficient, so sunlight to plant to your belly minimizes that, though that's a very oversimplified view for agriculture, a lot of veggie favorites are horribly inefficient in terms of land or water use especially in terms of 'calories per x' type metrics, and fruit is often even worse, especially when you factor in the 'hidden carbon' of harvesting and distribution. I'm probably a bit biased on the topic though, my mom's a vegetarian and my in-laws raise livestock and my wife owns a blueberry farm.

[@davidroddini1512]

So colonists to the Vega system will be vegans? Not many then; most people I know like meat or animal products such as eggs.

[@zs9652]

@@davidroddini1512 Lol assuming space colonies won't just synthesize all their foods. People will probably just be vat grown things all the time.

[@ebg13]

@@isaacarthurSFIA And don't forget that livestock turn things we can't eat (like grass) into something we can eat. Some land isn't suitable to grow any crops for human consumption but may be perfectly fine to graze livestock on.

[@liberalrationalist8905]

@@isaacarthurSFIA Agriculture??? Think automated vertical farms.

[@abnormica]

Litho braking, or Litho-breaking? Get it? Get it? Awwww... come on guys...

[@LoopcrateAudio]

This is by far my most favorite channel on KZbin. And whats great is that since a lot of the stuff you say goes over my head, I can watch all your videos multiple times and still feel like I’m learning something new 😂

[@CChissel]

I love these. I’ll have to wait till after work to sit down and watch, preparing my drink and snacks!

[@catylist8378]

I fell asleep to SFIA last night, and was woken up by the clarktech episode as I had left autoplay on XD

[@randybobandy4283]

My child in high school, listens along with me. TY for making this fun and educational.

[@DominikJaniec]

7:23 I love additional details about Vega!

[@thedonjavon-23]

When the star goes supernova I will move my station to safe distance and enjoy the show

[@michaelpettersson4919]

The difference between a space station and a space ship are the size of its engines. Upgrade in time.

[@midnight8341]

So, basically behind earth? "Safe distance" is pretty relative when talking about Supernovae

[@remiscott9843]

@@michaelpettersson4919 the difference between a ship and a boat is you can fit a boat on a ship but not a ship on a boat

[@estebansantiago2670]

Hell yes. Love this channel

[@ironman9333]

Sir, can you please make a video on aneutronic fusion 🙏.

[@MG-er6dm]

Building life sustaining colonies on the back of dying stars - yet again, death gives way to life! ✨

[@jazzbear02]

About spaceships flying through red giants: Niven and Pournelle's masterpiece "the Mote in God's Eye" (albeit -- slightly -- helped by the Langston energy shield).

[@Perserra]

47 likes and 14 comments within a minute the video drops. Welcome to Arthursday! 😀

[@theOrionsarms]

If you want resursces don't bother with stars, colonize directly accretion nebulae that form star (like Orion nebula), and prevent them to get to formation of stars,because you don't want to lift resursces up from a gravity weel.

[@marrqi7wini54]

It's "easier" to scoop out but the mass is very spread out. It can take a lot of time to get that material. Star lifting however is a useful method of getting material from stars. kzbin.info/www/bejne/pqvYeauCaqt3a7c

[@theOrionsarms]

@@marrqi7wini54 why rush? And isn't easy to lift things from a star, in our sun would need to add to each grame of material 600 km/s of deltaV (that is escape velocity from the surface of the sun).

[@steelcityterps]

Best show out there. Period. This might be more epic than Cosmos.

[@_Muzolf]

Something tells me most of those future ideas about stopping them from exploding will be about starlifting again.

[@liberalrationalist8905]

Could an F or larger star be impacted with a M star to reduce the F to G and increase the M to G??????

[@isaacbourdeau3167]

I just wonder how much more material you would need to build a dyson swarm around a massive star.

[@allanroberts7129]

Sooooo...... If you could colonize a region within the outer layers of a star, wouldn't that be just about the best possible location to hide a colony or civilization? I would imagine it would be possible to send a beam of information to and from a satellite outside the outer fringes, provided you know where you are relative to it, so you would be able to see the ongoings outside your protective bubble. That being said, trying to locate, let alone identify and collect information about a civilization inside would be a nightmare, if not impossible.

[@prakadox]

Good episode, can't wait for the others in the series.

[@krini5433]

A good video as always. Thanks for making me think about these things that you talk about.after another episode of your videos I continue to ponder the subject and it usually gets me in a good mood , so thank you for that!!

[@storyspren]

Just when I thought I was used to hearing ideas here that seem insane at first, we get *STELLABRAKING* :D

[@rianmcmurtry1814]

Sending automated vessels/constructor robots ahead to a system to build lasers to slow down colony ships.

[@LucasDimoveo]

These high concept episodes are my favorite

[@jonathanhensley6141]

Incredible video and u make astrophysics so easy to understandable. Keep up the great work

[@Snagabott]

I'm starting to hate the Google "nanny state" more and more.

[@remiscott9843]

Governments have to be larger than the industries they are tasked with regulating or they will be subject to regulatory capture by those industries.

[@KiranMaosen]

That moment when Isaac proposes a new term, we have Aerobraking and Lithobraking, and this mad genius suggested stellarbraking.

[@BaddBadger]

The music at the very end of this is awesome.

[@personbob8691]

Great vid as always you deserve more subs isaac

[@PGGraham]

Hey, would you rather we watch these here or Nebula?

[@AlecMuller]

It comes out earlier on Nebula, and for this episode, there's ~6 minutes of bonus content at the end on Nebula that's not on KZbin.

[@coldwarrior6572]

Good question. KZbin has been sort of sucky these days.

[@FLPhotoCatcher]

I'd say neither. You don't know what kind of star will form from a nebula, so it's generally thought to be too early to go there.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Ask a creator a question like that and the answer is always going to be 'both, watch it twice and share it with everyone you know, then watch it again' :)

[@PGGraham]

@@isaacarthurSFIA well, I often do that with your content, my 5y/o loves listening to you and Matt's videos as she goes to sleep, ("Dad, can we listen to the boy talk?") then I listen to them again in the day. I just wish Nebula had a share function in the mobile app.

[@kahlilkose400]

You need to update some of your past videos from like 4 years ago ( artificial gravity, artificial intelligence, vertical and deep sea farming etc... I enjoy your work 🙏

[@Drew_McTygue]

Why update them?

[@kahlilkose400]

I mean it's been 4 years and alot of new concepts, ideas, invention that happened.

[@nickwest932]

Why was there an advert before the video? That is a first for me on this channel. Great video btw, Mr. Arthur!

[@Inimbrium]

16:00 Isaac, if you think about it, the habitable zones in binary systems would not be circular around each individual star. My reasoning is because when a planet is let's say, "in between" both stars like in the drawing subtitled "yes", the planet is receiving light from two sides, and therefore the stellar flux is maybe 70% more, therefore this should be represented by making the habitable zones eliptical in shape or egg shaped with the "fat end" towards eachother. Obviously this shape would need to be calculated to know its true shape and I don't have the necessary math skills to do so, but I think you get the idea, and I think it's worth considering this further. :) PS. Long time sub. Keep up the good work and keep blowing up my mind.

[@TraditionalAnglican]

That would depend on how far apart the stars were - Stars with the mass of & as far apart as those in the Proxima System could have the same number of Habitable Zones as stars.

[@jimpatterson5524]

My formal education in astronomy ended over half a century ago. There have been no "updates", other than a few tidbits here and there like Carl Sagan's "Cosmos". I was always taught, that there was a red and blue shift -- similar to the tonal shift of the Doppler effect of an approaching and then, receding train whistle and that stars approaching you were red and receding were blue. Even when i came to accept the expanding universe theory, it still made sense -- those 'behind' the earth could have a red shift if moving towards the earth faster than the universe expansion -- reverse that for a blue shift. So now, am I to believe that the color of stars are not subject to this shift which i had believed to be the case since I was young?

[@nou4898]

6:54 Procyon is *nice* and bright lol

[@mathiaslist6705]

a space nomad scenario ... probably on generation ships where they pick up one star utilize its energy, planets and asteroids around and then travel to the next one

[@akapilka]

Imaging a high fantasy world with its seasons lasting centuries!

[@popmop1234]

0:34: 🌟 This video discusses the colonization of giant stars and their potential habitable planets. 0:34: Colonizing red dwarfs was previously discussed as they are the most numerous stars but less bright. 0:58: Giant stars can have crowded systems with potentially habitable planets that take decades or centuries to orbit. 1:10: The topic of colonizing giant stars will be covered in multiple episodes. 1:22: Future episodes will explore supernova giants and living without stars. 2:53: Stars are categorized as giants or dwarfs based on their size and brightness. 3:30: The majority of stars are classified as dwarfs, including our own sun. 4:08: The biggest stars are red giants or red supergiants that have left the main sequence. 4:19: 🌟 The video discusses different categories of stars and focuses on three examples: Vega, Procyon, and Arcturus. 4:19: Stars spend varying amounts of time in their late phases, with shorter periods for more massive stars. 4:54: The universe is not old enough for red giants to exist from stars 10% less massive than our sun. 5:19: The three categories of stars discussed are stars 2 to 8 times more massive than our sun, sub-giants, and red giants. 7:30: Vega is a type A-0 star, 2.1 times more massive than our sun, and is relatively close to Earth. 7:56: Proximity and fame are factors that make Vega appealing for potential colonization. 8:27: Vega has low metallicity for its age. 8:50: 🌟 The video discusses the metallicity, age, and characteristics of the star Vega, as well as the concept of habitable zones. 8:50: Vega is about half a billion years old and has low metallicity for its age. 9:14: Vega has a thick circumstellar disk of dust, resulting in excess infrared light emission. 9:29: Vega rotates very rapidly, about twice a day compared to our Sun's monthly rotational rate. 9:29: Vega was the first star, besides our sun, to be photographed. 9:41: Vega has a dust ring, possibly from a planetary collision, located 100 AU from the star. 10:03: Vega's orientation makes it difficult to detect planets, but it is suspected to have planets. 10:16: Habitable Zones are hypothetical regions where planets could support life, and Vega's potential habitable zone has a wide range. 11:54: The year length in Vega's habitable zone would vary significantly, with an Earth-like year length of 11 Earth years. 12:34: 🌟 The video discusses the relationship between the mass and luminosity of stars, the impact of star brightness on habitable zone year lengths, and the potential for habitable zones to support life. 12:34: The mass of a star affects its orbit time, while the luminosity rises faster with mass. 12:49: Brighter stars have longer habitable zone year lengths, potentially reaching centuries or even millennia. 13:11: Longer years reduce planetary perturbations and collisions, allowing for more planets in habitable zones. 13:36: Seasonal variation on planets with long years can be extreme, suggesting habitable zones may not be as wide as previously thought. 13:49: Planetary temperature takes time to adjust to changes in lighting, even on planets with long years. 13:49: Surviving cold hibernation for months is feasible, but not for centuries. 14:13: Stars with masses 2-8 times that of our Sun have shorter lifetimes, limiting the possibility of naturally occurring life. 15:10: Stars with masses around 8 solar masses are rare and tend to be multi-star systems, impacting habitable zones. 16:51: 🌟 Colonizing stars that have shorter lifespans than our Sun may still be a good idea due to their potential for building megastructures and the longer lifespan compared to humans. 16:51: Stars that are 3 times hotter than our Sun with blue-shifted spectra could potentially be colonized. 17:02: Planets in these star systems would have orbits ranging from 45 to 370 years. 17:23: Even though these stars have shorter lifespans, they still last millions of times longer than humans. 18:24: Colonizing these stars would provide opportunities for building megastructures, space habitats, and solar collectors. 18:50: Investing in long-term projects like O'Neill Cylinders or shell worlds could be worthwhile. 19:42: Procyon, a sub-giant star, is one of the neighboring stars and potential colonial targets. 20:22: Procyon B, a distant white dwarf companion, would have no effect on planets around Procyon A. 20:35: Procyon B's eccentric orbit could still disrupt planets in the habitable zone of Procyon A. 22:05: ! Red giants are the end of life phase for stars over a quarter of a solar mass, and while they can be colonized, it may be more practical to focus on artificial habitats. 22:05: Stars that go red giant go through this phase for a fraction of their lifetime, making it longer than the lifespan of B-type giants. 22:38: Not even 1 in 10 stars is massive enough to be a subgiant, making these systems attractive for colonization due to their abundance of light and resources. 23:43: Arcturus is currently 25 times wider and 170 times brighter than the Sun. 23:43: Arcturus is a red giant that is 8% more massive than the Sun and is already going red giant at 7 billion years of age. 24:35: Red giants can be colonized and may have habitable planets around them as they slowly warm up. 24:42: Some longer-lived red giants may have once frozen planets that slowly thawed, allowing native life to evolve. 25:02: 🌟 Red giants, despite being in their death throes, are potential candidates for colonization due to their abundance and longer lifespan compared to other stars. 25:02: Red giants can last as long as a billion years. 25:49: The surface of a star is thin and not a solid material. 26:02: Running a spaceship through a red giant could be a way to slow down or turn the ship. 26:15: Planets swallowed by red giants can continue to orbit inside the star. 26:41: Red giants are common and evenly distributed in space, making them potential colonization targets. 27:00: Laser propulsion systems can accelerate ships to high speeds, but there is no method for slowing down yet. 27:36: Ramming a spaceship into a red giant could be a viable method for deceleration. 28:22: Ships traveling at 10% of light speed could brake to a complete halt by passing through a red giant. 28:48: 🚀 Colonizing red giant stars could be advantageous for space travel, energy production, and military dominance. 28:48: Red giants emit large amounts of solar wind, allowing for faster deceleration and braking of ships. 29:48: Red giants produce hundreds to thousands of times more light and energy than our Sun, making them ideal for setting up laser pushing systems. 30:01: Red giants may have vast planetary systems and abundant raw materials, potentially serving as hubs for interstellar trade. 30:40: Colonizing red giants could provide military advantages for dominating space or sterilizing the galaxy. 31:37: Nebula, a streaming service founded by creators, offers extended content and creative freedom away from KZbin's restrictions. 31:50: The extended version on Nebula discusses the military advantages of colonizing giant stars. 32:05: Curiositystream, partnered with Nebula, provides educational videos and offers access to Nebula's ad-free content. 32:30: Curiositystream has a video on space warfare titled 'World War A: Aliens Invade Earth'. 33:00: 📺 Get a year of Curiositystream and Nebula for less than $15, support the show, and see episodes early. 33:00: You can get a year of Curiositystream and Nebula for less than $15 by using the link in the episode's description. 33:26: The Dyson Dilemma of the Fermi Paradox questions why we can see stars in the Night Sky when older civilizations should have surrounded them all in Dyson Spheres by now. 33:50: The Dark Night Sky Paradox, also known as Olber's Paradox, asks why we have as dark a sky as we do and haven't been incinerated by the Universe's combined sunlight yet. 34:00: Jade from Up and Atom recently did an episode on the Dark Night Sky Paradox. 34:23: Livestream Q&A on February 28th at 4 pm Eastern time. 34:34: Future episodes in March include 'The Next Century of War' and sequels to today's episode 'Killing Stars' and 'Exo-stellar Civilizations'. 34:57: Subscribe to the channel for alerts on new episodes and donate to support future episodes. 35:08: Follow on iTunes, Soundcloud, or Spotify for audio-only versions of the show. Recap by Tammy AI

[@T--xo2uq]

If you had unlimited energy, you could have a refrigerated colony inside of a giant star. Since it is also plasma you could magnetically push the star's mass away from the walls and "swim" the colony through the sun. It would also be really easy to hide, using the star as... well a smokescreen would be understating it.

[@The_Bird_Bird_Harder]

I noticed you just uploaded yesterday, and I couldn't help but click off of my like. 4th viewing give or take of the upward bound videos, to comment. You're absolutely wonderful, and to be frank, are almost single handedly responsible for changing my worldview to a significantly less pessimistic one. Just saying. You're really cool, and thank you. That is all I can think to say.

[@atimholt]

I really need to watch more on my Nebula subscription. It's just too easy to wander around on KZbin.

[@markusmencke8059]

Could you assist this „starbraking“ manoeuvre with a bussard-like magnetic field instead of relying solely on a heat shield? A magnetic loop iirc it is called, with deceleration starting further out? Another thing - should we go for newly born low-mass (K and M) stars, to use all of their lifetime, moving any planets further out as the star ages into a red giant? (Until we can build our own stable life-friendly red dwarf systems, that is...)

[@atlas1173]

woooo new Isaac video! Thank you

[@bobinthewest8559]

Some folks claim to have “observed” alien spacecraft plunging through the outer layer of our sun. I heard such a claim on a radio program, and went to their website to see “photo evidence”. Personally, I didn’t find the photos to be all that compelling. It occurred to me (as well) that, the photos would not necessarily be too difficult to create in photoshop or similar.

[@evandipasquale9255]

Question: How would life on earth or another planet change if our day was shorter or longer? Say our day was only 10 to 20 hrs or as much as 30 to 40 hrs, would our life styles be drastically different?

[@AngeloXification]

The fact that this already has 23k views gives me hope for humanity

[@edmonlessley4932]

Thank u Isaac. You saved my life. 🌌

[@marcopohl4875]

you can colonize every star as long as you starlift

[@theblankettruth]

When speaking of breaking while entering another system. Could you not have a reverse solar sail? I do understand that it would depend on speed. But could you not use a laser to push it for a time, then depending on the intensity of solar radiation, shit of the laser and reverse a sail to bring down the speed over time? Or would it add up to too much last time slowing compared to what is gain by a laser. Thoughts?

[@chrisd6736]

Snackin on some warm chicken tendies right now!

[@dff1286]

"this will be a pretty big episode, so it you haven't alread--" Way ahead of you Isaac, Pizza ready. Proceed sir.

[@reallyryan_]

These videos give me the chills! I Love Thursday's :D

[@altha-rf1et]

Wonder if they will use Miltary Time on other planets if a planet has a 36 hour day wil they go up to 38:00 hours

[@FLPhotoCatcher]

I think that the habitable zone of binary stars would be almost spherical, not like what was shown in this video. A larger angle of light from the stars would be more efficient in heating worlds since a large angle would fill in (warm) the shadows (cool areas). Someone should run some simulations or test it in a lab.

[@michaeljf6472]

What would happen to planetary orbits if you starlifted a significant % of the star's mass?

[@kungfuchimp5788]

Looove these episodes.

[@adamspencer3702]

I know a while back you did an episode on the future of farming, but what about the future of food itself?

[@complex314i]

Is the Blackbody Radiation Curve a Gamma Distribution?

[@FIRE_STORMFOX-3692]

How could you kill a star? And also a crazy idea : could you kill a star using strong enough electromagnetic forces?

[@zerospeed1498]

, I'm ready to get futuristic

[@dszqujd]

Excellent as usual, I am still leaning towards rare intelligence, or rare complexity for now. Have a great day!

[@mackjsm7105]

Holy crap.. this is deep.. I really respect this man.. VERY interesting..

[@MrSaywutnow]

I can't believe Isaac turned down an opportunity to name an episode "World War Ayy"