Antimatter Factories & Uses

[@noespell]

The fact that anti-electrons are called positrons but anti-protons aren't called negatrons is such a missed opportunity.

[@mrichar9]

Next up on Ultimate Robot Fighting League. This SUNDAY SUNDAY SUNDAY... Commander Data vs Negatron!!!

[@nuquenilex3188]

Niggatrons

[@extremeuzer3]

Cause that’s racist

[@geoffreymartin6363]

FAR more importantly, muons could be megatrons.

[@hanzhang3589]

@@geoffreymartin6363Funnily enough, muons used to be called Maoons in China before 1980. 😂

[@CoffeeKitty.]

a response quote from a game i've played (civ/be) "Einstein is likely rolling in his grave; Not only does god play dice, but the dice are loaded" I always love that.

[@superskrub4209]

I remember this quote, but I think it's from Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri! "Einstein would turn over in his grave. Not only does God play dice, the dice are loaded." - Chairman Sheng-ji Yang, "Looking God In The Eye"

[@rustyshackleford1508]

Isaac: slowly explaining advanced concepts with clear, simple language and easy to understand comparisons Me: *haha antimatter go boom*

[@paperburn]

Ba da BOOM

[@EELLISON2012]

Yes, I understood more from him than anyone else. Thanks!

[@NoraFulcanelli]

Big Ba Da Boom

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Lol

[@Jameson1776]

Whatever happened Leloo anyways she was cute.

[@pscyking]

You can always tell how good a mood Isaac was in by how many absurdities are sprinkled in with a perfectly serious tone.

[@alanboulter7319]

His dry delivery of those absurdities is completely DRY.

[@fillername8732]

These episodes are the only way I keep track of what day it is anymore

[@julianwalde4810]

"if you don't antimind, it doesn't anti-matter" Don't do that! I mean you wouldn't want to start a pundemic, right?

[@wargeneral0659]

Plsssss stop

[@muninrob]

I think I'll have a beer 1st - then it can be a corona pundemic. Sorry, I was going to insert an anti-quark pun, but it was too strange.

[@milkhbox]

@@muninrob you've managed to charm me!

[@DAYBROK3]

@@muninrob 🤣 thanks, its a pain day this helps

[@DAYBROK3]

🤣🤣, its pain day laughing helps

[@b062838868]

14 mins into a partial physics lecture - “anyway this isn’t a particle physics lecture”

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Oh

[@migkillerphantom]

Spoken like someone who has never been in a particle physics lecture.

[@DanMcLeodNeptuneUK]

@@migkillerphantom This

[@tycho_m]

I thought it was a pretty complete physics lecture tbh

[@sponge1234ify]

@@tycho_m nah, need more fluid dynamics

[@Chad_Thundercock]

I've really missed the recommendation for a drink and a snack. I'm glad it's making a comeback.

[@Crazael]

Amusingly, i was in the process of getting myself a drink and a snack when I got to that part.

[@corwinweber693]

It's the little things. :)

[@blindyeti7313]

My pizza arrived just as Issac said to get a snack and drink... Pretty pleased with the nice way that worked out :)

[@SquirrelASMR]

Idk I always find it so adorable and thoughtful when isaac says that ❤ Usually I listen to his videos when in bed as I'm falling alseep and listening to his voice and my imagination going wild.

[@dannydetonator]

I just grabbed a grain of anti-hydrogen for a snack. I will scrape a nanogram for consumption with the needle of an electron-microscope for this episode. Yum!

[@Ryan-rq6dx]

Isaac: this will be one of our longer videos Me: YESSS

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Yay

[@lyledal]

The "Law of Conservation of Evil" Indeed!

[@alexandernorman5337]

When I was in the Navy serving on fast attack submarines, we had a saying that there was a law of conservation of happiness. So, the only way you could get more of it was by depriving someone else of it. So, it is probably true of evil too.

[@okaydetar821]

@@alexandernorman5337 The law of conservation of hapiness, is in and of itself evil.

[@lanebowles8170]

That was great! I laughed for five minutes!

[@youknowwho9741]

You could just create your own happiness.

[@jerbear7952]

Lane Bowles me too. I just wasn’t prepared for it and the delivery was sooooo dry.

[@annoyed707]

Antimatter, where the most appropriate lyrics might be "Can't touch this".

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Now that song is going to be stuck in my head all day :)

[@deddbebbb5196]

with the corresponding image of Isaac in a bolo tie and balloon shaking his groove thing working on the next script...argh

[@deddbebbb5196]

...balloon pants...

[@Jameson1776]

dedd bebbb I’d love to see that that’s a funny thought.

[@alexandernorman5337]

That's cool! I didn't realize MC Hammer was a physicist.

[@noobiesmurf]

Imagine inventing a machine to travel to different universes only to go on your first trip and be annihilated because it was a universe entirely made out of antimatter. Or even finding out that all other universes are made of what we consider antimatter.

[@hebruixe9125]

At least you wouldn't suffer the disappointment. ;)

[@RasperHelpdesk]

Those Fast Radio Bursts we occasionally pick up? That is a traveler from an anti-matter universe popping into ours...

[@svampebob007]

@@hebruixe9125 *any longer

[@DrewLSsix]

Our universe isn't even close to being made up of matter though. With this hypothetical machine you would likely choose to transition in open space, and most likely arrive in open space on the other side. You would want your tech to work in such a way that you don't arrive in the middle of something, or to something being in the middle of you. So you would want to displace any trace matter at your destination, and hopefully that means you have the ability to shield your self from whatever kind of matter that is.

[@joshuarichardson6529]

@michael If there are enough different universe out there, we're talking googolplex plus numbers here, then you will find a moon made of cheese somewhere, and another made of anti-cheese.

[@abdulraheemmohammed4867]

No cap, one of the most underrated channel on KZbin

[@spicynachohaggis7756]

A neutron, a proton and a anti-neutron walk into a bar ,that was the last they were ever seen .

[@theerandomdude2375]

It was even the last time we saw the bar too

[@J0hnB09]

Anti-neutron?

[@xiphactinusaudax1045]

@@J0hnB09 yes

[@J0hnB09]

@@xiphactinusaudax1045 there’s no such thing as an anti-neutron.

[@xiphactinusaudax1045]

@@J0hnB09 Yes...there is

[@johnsorrelw849]

Best explanation of antimatter ever. And there's nothing as exciting as antimatter to pull you into a lecture on particle physics.

[@comedyman4896]

So basically every particle has a Wario version of itself

[@JazzyFizzleDrummers]

Waluigi has left the chat 😥

[@Noone-we9vb]

Best comment

[@aster0718]

Yes

[@nebulisnoobis102]

WAANTIMATTER

[@Xisk77]

@@nebulisnoobis102 hahaha so much yes :'D

[@hbar45]

Can't wait to explain to my future kids that space is made of reality soup

[@111455]

reality soup is just boneless wave functions

[@ahumanbeingamnayplaceholde1746]

@@111455 lolz but still, its a foamy and wavy soup.

[@TheCrazyCapMaster]

Ahh, the adventures I go on, rapidly clicking through SFIA videos until KZbin submits to my utter whim and auto-generates a playlist of infinite SFIA content. Today my journey has led me back to this monster of technical knowledge 🤣

[@VWTesla]

The problem with quantum mechanics is that you're never quite sure if there's one around. Great video!

[@YodaWhat]

Quantum _mechanics_ must be made of Unobtanium. ;-)

[@paulb759]

Just shared your channel with some colleagues and described you as a futurist and science communicator, like a combination of Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clark. Your name is so fitting for your passion. Keep up the great work, we all love your energy (huzzah!).

[@lastsilhouette85]

I love this series... it has helped my sci-fi writing immensely. I've been waiting for an episode on antimatter factories too!

[@DAG_42]

My next video game project will be scifi... much influenced by this channel! (I'm a PC game developer)

[@jerbear7952]

The delivery on the conservation of evil joke was as good as I have ever heard. I wasn’t expecting to ugly laugh in the middle of this video.

[@cyrilio]

Conservation of evil has to be my favorite law of physics.

[@maxpayne2574]

And that all the evil have goatees

[@Sharyf]

Everyone on this channel is now smarter for having listened to it.

[@constantinethegreat5907]

Just binged all your videos and my optimism for the future has risen to epic proportions, the only downside is I won't get to see humanity become the galactic hegemony we so deserve

[@UNSCPILOT]

We could get lucky with life extension or mind uploading, I for one would prefer the later so long as I own the hardware I'm running on

[@gwills9337]

political and social constraints will end us before we can reach any of these clever, super-future techs. We can't even feed and house everyone when we have an abundance of both. It's not wise to assume that future tech which creates more power for its owners will necessarily improve lives, or will even be reach-able, given our terrible handling of Earth and humanity.

[@thothheartmaat2833]

Gotta take the potential energy of the looter class and convert it into scientific advancement.. goals..

[@dhoyt902]

Isaac, I've had one too many edibles for that black-light neon demon at 3:28.

[@mimszanadunstedt441]

Kek

[@jacobklein8156]

Does gin and olives count as drink and snack?

[@nathanhaiduk2957]

Absolutely

[@BillThanis]

Yes, yes it does.

[@heatrayzvideo3007]

Depends on how many olives

[@craigrmeyer]

Nathan Haiduk pjooojo

[@craigrmeyer]

Nathan Haiduk j ok

[@hunorendrevizi1483]

I love how grateful people are for such videos. Im part of that group. Thank you Isaac.

[@sagesheahan6732]

By 6:09, Mr. Arthur has also successfully described why an anti-capital ship antimatter warhead was dubbed the "photon" torpedo, and why it has that name.

[@andrewsallans589]

This has to be one of the best explanations of partical physics I've heard yet! You did a great job conveying the base concepts for the video. It was pretty easy to understand and follow

[@jackbarrow3094]

That feeling you get when you see Isaac upload a 45 minute video

[@21CenturyBreakdownX]

Video title: Antimatter Factories Length: 43 min Me: *rushes for a drink and a snack*

[@adambrain8365]

Isaac, I have listened to you and JMG way too much in the last two years. I used to have a huge question mark about the Fermi paradox. I have become existentially depressed after doing all the philosophical gymnastics the proposed theories imply with a sample size of one. So I thought to myself, “how do I stop just pondering it and help?” We have big fancy equipment that goes up, and it takes years to “interpret” all the data that comes back. How does a middle aged scientist get his foot in the door to help look at all we gather? Is there a working life in just combing through all that raw output? That question has been on my mind for a week now. Thank you for this, all of this. I always get a drink and a snack, but there’s always so much more to chew on than I bargained for; even after you have hidden most of the huge math behind great analogies.

[@classarank7youtubeherokeyb63]

So in the anti universe, was anti-hitler a good guy or did he just raise an army of undead?

[@kanoslayer2735]

Why not both?

[@classarank7youtubeherokeyb63]

@@kanoslayer2735 It's about time someone else saw the good in necromancy.

[@DeHerg]

@@classarank7youtubeherokeyb63 It would mean less loss of life during war and could improve quality of life in a civilian application(depending on the difficulty of raising them). Although you might want to put them in a sealed suit filled with preservative fluid or vacuum sealed.

[@StarboyXL9]

I was going to make a snarky, politically incorrect comment, but I don't want to get censored.

[@timothymclean]

I'm no particle ethicist, but I'm pretty sure Conservation of Evil would cause anti-Hitler to be perceived as monstrous in his world for doing things that our world would consider morally good. But he'd definitely still have the goatee.

[@PaulGrieselhuber]

43 minutes! Oh man, I’m gonna need a need a drink. ...and maybe a snack, now that I think of it.

[@glennllewellyn7369]

Spliff and pancake? Bong and a waffle? Goldmember (movie)

[@ppcgnamda]

Been here since the beginning and am always impressed with the quality of these videos. Thank you.

[@OneCut1Slash]

I've got my first cup of coffee. Bacon and eggs cooking. I'm ready!

[@andrewsallans589]

Might do jelly toast and eggs myself with a cup of earl grey

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

That sound supisciously like my morning :) The audio version of the episode was being glitchy in upload and I had the smell of bacon and eggs wafting into the office reminding me breakfast was waiting

[@randomname2159]

5.30 pm here...

[@antaresmc4407]

@@randomname2159 16:30 here

[@UNSCPILOT]

Just finished my steak and egg wrap, may the learning begin

[@zylaaeria2627]

"This is not an episode about particle physics" I can listen to you giving a lecture on particle physics all day! :p

[@Blaze6108]

This reminds me that a video on the applications of neutrinos would be pretty cool. Detecting them is stupidly hard, but if we could crack it they would be a pretty cool communication method that can ignore any shielding or jamming.

[@theeyeofomnipotent]

But the technology that might allow detection may also allow shielding and jamming, like if there is something like neutrino mirrors, receptors, and fields, so idk hehe (Also a brute force method; at high enough densities, for example: the stalled shockwave "layer" of a possible supernova, or simply a neutron star)

[@ICBM221]

Watching this tonight.. what a joy! Been watching everything all over again for the 3rd time (and idk why, the iron stars episode I have seen 7 times by now)

[@nandodando9695]

The best time to build an orbital ring is 50 years ago, the second best time is today :)

[@theweirdguyinthecorner]

I absolutely love the iron star episode I've watched that oneaybe 15 times

[@Matthew-li7we]

Black Holes farming for me. I just find it utterly ridiculous to think that we could find a way to draw energy from Iron Stars, and besides, the time scales involved are truly insane. I think that even with a the life extension, mind uploads, and every other form of "immortality", you STILL would be hard pressed to even reach the black hole farming era.

[@alexv3357]

The problem with small machines powered by antimatter is that they release near GeV-level gamma rays, which are highly penetrating and rather destructive on small scales. Harvesting the energy of antimatter will be just like fusion or fission, requiring large collector and processor equipment such as a tub of water that uses the heat of annihilation to create steam that drives turbines.

[@pyropulseIXXI]

wrong; you can harvest the energy directly, via impingement of the electromagnetic field and condensing it via a flux capacitor. Essentially, you can create a beam of plasma of immense current and just jack into the power grid directly; or use the beam to blast holes in your enemies

[@alexv3357]

@@pyropulseIXXI This is true, but solves neither the gamma ray problem nor the scale issue. Making small antimatter batteries is unfeasible either way.

[@scifirealism5943]

I agree.

[@YodaWhat]

It does not have to be water as the working fluid. Oak Ridge National Lab did some very interesting work in the 1960s on *boiling potassium metal* as the high temperature end of a heat engine. Potassium is able to get far hotter, while keeping the pressure low, which make life much easier on the equipment, and also cheaper, while boosting the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. _Contrary to popular belief, it is the high temperature of a working fluid like potassium vapor which does the work in the turbine, NOT the pressure. Pressure is only needed to insure the flow of the working fluid._ When the potassium vapor has done enough work to be nearly ready to condense back to liquid, _then_ you exchange that heat with water, and put the resulting steam through another turbine.

[@lukeskywalker7457]

" if you don't anti-mind it doesn't anti-matter" Lol love it

[@SpittinSquirell]

Another great video Isaac! I love futurism and exploring what our future tech might be. I get sad sometimes though knowing I will never see any of it.

[@loverofjesusMKII]

Theres something surreal about hearing Isaac almost laugh talking about quark flavors.

[@kinguin7]

"top or bottom" "personality traits" You're killing us, Isaac.

[@jamesstepp1925]

Big fan of Isaac Arthur. I wish he were running NASA. I remember reading about a recent article for a company that has plans to produce and store antimatter. I looked but could not find it again, but their processes looked very promising.

[@Starbat88]

This was one of the more mind-bending episodes. Love it. :D

[@cryoine7194]

you know what i would love to see one day...just one big video that is a compilation of all your intros

[@patrikcath1025]

What I remember took from this: *Cool factories in Neptune's atmosphere* *Absurdly high velocity cannons*

[@younscrafter7372]

1:57 Fun fact: in order to avoid a dangerous radiation dose, you'll want to make sure to never eat more than 600 bananas per second.

[@willk7184]

And just avoid anti-bananas altogether.

[@seraphina985]

Fun fact: The Hyperkalaemia would still get you first if you were to consume anywhere near that much Potassium. But then this is true of most isotopes stable enough to exist in any meaningful quantity in naturally occurring samples that the samples usually constitute a higher proportion of the acute toxic dose per unit weight than the acute radiation dose. Obviously artificially enriched samples or synthetically produced short lived isotopes are another matter but natural samples tend not to have short enough lived isotopes in enough abundance to outweigh the toxic effects of the rest of the material if they enter the body.

[@christophe5756]

Brother Soldier, I welcome and appreciate how you challenge us to flex our “brain muscles”. This one was a more than a little beyond me, so I watched it three times, paused it here and there to study the diagrams and charts, and replayed a few segments a few more times... -And dammit (you know, those little clasps that keep your ribbons on your Blues?) I learned some particle physics from you! You just made me smarter! Thank You Issac!

[@drewskiiiiiiiii]

I get hyped when I hear Isaac say "this will be one of the longer videos on the channel."

[@lxndrlbr]

40:09 "It might be that the future isn't nuclear but antimatter. Dangerous stuff, but if you don't anti-mind, it doesn't anti-matter." After 40 min of really REALLY *REALLY* deep stuff I barely understood, at last a bit I understood from that presentation! Thanks M. Arthur for the comic relief for the dumb-dumbs like me.

[@deadowl7709]

This is the stuff I think about. You are the only friend that talks about it! Thank you!

[@icecold9511]

Antimatter as a weapon is more dangerous to the owners than the target

[@willyreeves319]

about half way through the particle physics lecture part i realized just how important learning the nouns of a new language is.

[@7756matty]

Hey isaac, you're a very big idol of mine although I'm not nearly as intelligent as most of your audience, you explain all this in an easy to understand way. Thank you for your work my friend, all the way from Australia 🇦🇺🇦🇺

[@Alex_Rosefur]

Nobody has ever been able to make me laugh with science. You rock Isaac!

[@bimblinghill]

Great video! Clearly a LOT of work went into it.

[@YodaWhat]

Indeed, including a co-author which Isaac rarely needs.

[@InfinityAndParadox]

The Night Sailors trailer - A sci-fi cartoon animation where you witness the adventures of a space biker gang kzbin.info/www/bejne/b4bZgZRuq9GLrrM

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

*"Antimatter propulsion might become a reality by 2050"* _Gerald Jackson, 2016_

[@randomname2159]

honestly...doesnt look like it.. :( maybe 22nd century...

[@wouterdebois7958]

@@randomname2159 Meh. What would even be the use case? Even lower TWR than fission fragment drives (assuming amat beam core), with a much more expensive and hard to handle fuel. For getting to orbit, laserlaunch is more possible. For interplanetary, Medusa is far more economical and far faster (delta-v doesn't matter if you don't have the acceleration to use it!). For interstellar, lasersail is unsurpassed.

[@КириллТрифонов-е5ф]

To be fair, it’s to late for such an optimistic predictions. The science revolution is slowing down, in fact only the information technologies are developing fast enough for us to notice it. Everything else is almost stagnating

[@randomname2159]

@@wouterdebois7958 yes..maybe battery tech....

[@randomname2159]

@@КириллТрифонов-е5ф not stagnating..just slowing down...still in the last decade we got gravity wave astronomy and reusable rockets...which for me are a revolution in engineering...antimater is still way way off in the future...

[@StarrDust0]

I've read about antimatter for decades and I know how hard it is to create and store this wonder material. But Isaac's ideas on making and storing it are next level and he makes it so easy to understand. It feels like he came from the future to help humanity progress faster.

[@theOrionsarms]

One issue is not mentioned, high energy radiation produced when antimatter particle are annihilate, antimatter for interstellar space ship or weapon of mass destruction yes, but for more mundane applications not, if you fuel your car with antimatter and storing device fails heat or blast wouldn't kill you but radiation does, also core of the engines would become radioactive and needs special safety measures.

[@Vivi_Sterling]

I have only found your channel a few days ago and I wish I could have found it years ago. In the last week, I have been useing your videos to fall asleep as the calming tone and topics are just great. Previously I have been using volgun and exploring series and your videos fit right in

[@sab1751]

That was a very information heavy episode and was very close to particle physics lecture (with all due respect sir). Still, you are very good at scientific vulgarization so I didn't get too lost. The best part for me was the last 2/3 of the video. All in all an excellent use of the 43 minutes it took to watch/listen. Thanks for a stimulating video yet again.

[@erick9348]

Obviously you have never been to a physics lecture.

[@Kallistos1]

The original Future Magic edition was in the mid-late 1980s as I read it in High School, and I graduated in 1990. That book is still a favorite.

[@andrewl.8626]

5:19 did he just call 'top' and ' bottom' personality traits?

[@corwinweber693]

Welcome to the Internet. :)

[@jengleheimerschmitt7941]

🤭. ...I think he meant Charm. Then again...

[@kevindoom]

Starnge and Charm

[@gormauslander]

Your speech is improving, and more importantly, your audio and production quality. Rock on my dude

[@Matthew-li7we]

But I miss the whale guns...

[@kylekissack4633]

Yes continue filling my tank with your knowledge..I shall use it to fule my ship of futurism too the nearest ort cloud..yes it will be FTL or fusion whichever I unravel first! Thanks team another stimulating episode 👌

[@100percentilovelegos]

An especially cool episode-- made clear a lot of particle physics concepts that have troubled me for some time! "Strange" antimatter sounds particularly interesting; I wonder if the extra difficulty involved in producing and storing it would be outweighed by the fact that it is immensely safer to hold onto. We might also be able to continually extract energy from a small amount of it by letting a strangelet convert some normal matter (likely some incident neutrons from a nearby nuclear reactor) into more strange matter, releasing the energy that was formerly stored in the binding energy of those quarks, then let this strangelet partially combine with its antistrangelet partner that has been doing the same thing, releasing the rest of the mass-energy of the converted matter, then rinse and repeat. Could allow us to get more energy/thrust out of high-neutron-flux fusion reactions that have been historically troublesome-- if the strangelets had a favorable cross section, that is. I was hoping you could clear up some questions I had about another antimatter production process that I've run into on the web, one that also makes use of dense quark matter: Andreev reflection using primordial quark matter nuggets preserved in our solar system (link to a paper: rxiv.org/pdf/1310.0215v1.pdf). The general idea seems to be that the Big Bang produced large amounts of condensed quark matter, some of which remained metastable after the universe was no longer able to produce it. Such matter would be extremely dense without also having to be extremely hot, making it a good candidate for at least some of the universe's dark matter. If it exists, the formation of our solar system seems likely to have swept some of it up and trapped it at the barycenters of most massive bodies, from the center of our Sun down to the cores of many asteroids. We may have already seen evidence of this with small, quickly rotating asteroids that should have spun themselves apart if they were simply loose piles of gravel like we think many of them are. Future missions might be able to test this hypothesis by digging to the center of these small objects and seeing what they find; if they do find quark nuggets, they might be able to use "a form of Andreev reflection" to harvest a quantity of antimatter equivalent to approximately 10% the mass of the nugget, which would be measured in the millions of tons. First off: if you could give a more intuitive explanation of Andreev reflection than Wikipedia, that would be fantastic. My basic understanding is that electrons need to exist in "Cooper pairs" inside of a superconductor, so a lone electron cannot simply be conducted across a normal conductor and into the "super-" variety, but must instead join up with an electron from the normal conductor, leaving a positive quasiparticle "hole" behind, one that behaves in many ways like a positron. However, if this interpretation is even correct, it doesn't give any sort of mechanistic explanation, and I'm not sure how it allows for the production of true, usable antimatter. Second, I suppose I would just like to know if this whole hypothesis is at all likely. Does quark matter really offer a compelling explanation for dark matter? Would sufficient quantities really accumulate in usable form in our solar system? Is there a practical way to hurl normal matter particles at one of these hypothetical cores, over the 100MeV superconducting gap, if as the author says, "even at the center of the Sun... thermal energies are much less than 100MeV"? If you've gotten this far, thanks for reading, and for keeping these beautiful, clever videos coming!

[@scifirealism5943]

nobody knows why antimatter was destroyed long ago.

[@YodaWhat]

NOTE WELL: rxiv aka vixra, is NOT the same as arxiv. Vixra is for 'fringe science'.

[@MrCmagik]

I've always wondered why anti-proton aren't called "Negatron" (sounds cool)

[@yastreb.]

They used to be.

[@mimszanadunstedt441]

Negatron is clearly a robot.

[@SaintAdjacent]

@@mimszanadunstedt441 you're thinking of Megatron.

[@TheNoodlyAppendage]

I watch Isaac when I need to go to sleep, and BAM now im energized and awake for another video :)

[@ChrisBrown-ys6bw]

I'm pretty sure Einstein knew some of those dice work highly explosive considering his knowledge of and opinions on nuclear weapons

[@sillyarms8493]

I haven't watched one of your newer videos in a while. Your voice is much more clear.

[@Celestial1000]

Thanks for making a video about me!

[@dreams7091]

"Grab a drink and a snack to power your brain". I want Antimatter Powered BRAIN! This is quickly becoming one of my dinner channels.

[@MurderMango]

I feel my years of watching Nova and Discovery Channel has been preparing me to watch this

[@xavier84623]

So excited for next week, and also the firstborn episode!!

[@rohitgollapudi9192]

Are there any sources we could use to learn more about this topic? It's insanely fascinating

[@YodaWhat]

Can you be more specific? Is there any one aspect in particular?

[@scifirealism5943]

Atomic rockets website by nyrath.

[@robasdal2824]

Hey Isaac is there any chance of posting videos at 12:00 am on Thursdays instead so I can watch before work? Btw congrats again and keep up the good work!

[@rogeriomarques5960]

Hey Isaac. This episode reminded me of another possibility: weaponizing neutronium or strangelets. I think strange matter is also pretty destructive. Consider making an episode on weaponizing these forms of exotic matter.

[@Dragrath1]

depends on how stable strange matter is as there is a lot not fully understood related to the strong force under extreme conditions and on a related note we haven't solved the timeline for the decay of a isolated neutron

[@scotteagle3597]

How does anyone dislike your videos? I'm trying to grasp the line of thinking that has someone saying to themselves, "No, I don't think I like the idea of someone trying to educate me. Even though I came to this video knowing that was the point..."

[@skylark1491]

with an ability like harnessing virtual particles, civilizations at the end of time could cheat entropy, using the matter to expand and repair their mechines and the anti matter to build a second civilization kept sepparate from them. what ever was left over after each harvest could then be used to generate more energy and harness more virtual particles. this could also answer the firmi parodox. why go through the proccess of building dyson swarms when a black hole can be farmed to provide all the energy you need?

[@smarmydude3019]

I've seen comments about this before, but Issac's fucking psychic. Yesterday, I was disappointed I couldn't find a vid on antimatter reactors; I log on today, and this is the first video I see. This is surreal, but appreciated.

[@alifio2183]

Me playing Starsector, with antimatter induced fuel mix and antimatter blaster weapon= "i am death, yeeter of worlds, flying in lightyear speed spreading destruction"

[@shadowlord1418]

Good game

[@coffeecup1196]

You know, ima be honest, I don't even hear the speech impediment in the more modern videos. Maybe I just have practice from watching the old ones at 2x speed, but I found this video, checked out the channel afterward and was like "Oh! This is that guy?" Love the content, keep up the good work!

[@notapplicable7292]

I haven't really enjoyed the most recent episodes but this one was excellent!

[@atlanciaza]

I kindly thank you, Isaac, awesome mind blowing video, as usual you blew me socks off, mate!

[@hl_scientist1964]

This raises the question, in such universes that are made up of anti-matter, how would an alien race know that their matter is anti-matter, is it objective?

[@caedisnightingale5575]

Thats...a good question

[@scifirealism5943]

Antimatter and matter produce different types of k-mesons when they decay. Matter produces longer lived ones, antimatter the shorter ones.

[@Tuberuser187]

Isaac, if you didn't already have me as a subscriber for life the Quark flavour personality trait joke would have earned it.

[@abdirahmanmahamad2907]

Good work,isaack.Saying hi frm kenya.

[@wmjessemiller]

Imagine Isaac as a high school teacher or college professor. Watch everyone getting As on advanced material because he actually explains things clearly. My teachers i think either don’t simplify the material enough or dumb it down too much..

[@TraditionalAnglican]

William Miller - It’s probably because they didn’t understand the subject that well - Einstein, RP Feynman & others have said that if they couldn’t explain something to a normal person, they didn’t understand the subject that well themselves.

[@Jameson1776]

TraditionalAnglican that is a very good pint.

[@OwnerOfOwn]

43.5 minutes of excellence.

[@Chris-op7yt]

thanks. that finally makes more sense than particles popping in from nowhere

[@AlucardNoir]

Well, of course God doesn't play dice. He's too busy playing Poker.

[@mimszanadunstedt441]

He prefers to workout, hydrate, and learn.

[@moosewillis7098]

THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU. I have always been fascinated by the smallest building blocks of reality.

[@zhcultivator]

Great Content as always, Isaac Arthur. I hope you talk about the potential existence of ''Universal Empires'' and ''Multiversal Sovereign States'' one day :-)

[@williambarnes5023]

Hey, if we can create a Tau and antiTau, and create it enough velocity that it can be stable for a while according to at-rest time, can we fire the Tau through some heavy hydrogen and try to cold fuse things together? Would that be more or less effective than trying the same with Muons?

[@austin3600]

100% thought this was gonna be a joke about the Tau from 40k at first.

[@ixiairisborne1695]

This actually puts me at greater ease. Antimatter used to be one of those things I worried about, though that worry has diminished as I've learned more about the stuff. Basically, the doomsday I worried about was some U.S. Military storage facility, with 1000kg of anti-iron, in one big slab, in a single containment facility that is, of course, built by the absolute lowest bidder. Then, you know, Ensign Derp trips over a cable somewhere and the resulting explosion vaporizes North America and sends Earth out of orbit.

[@seraphina985]

Yeah that really wouldn't make sense to do for another reason too, keeping all your eggs in one basket like that makes it really easy for an adversary to deny you access to your entire stockpile at once. Distributing it around makes it much harder for said adversary to discover all of your sites not to mention identify their defensive weaknesses in order to plan and execute a co-ordinated attack to exploit all of them simultaneously. This makes it much more likely that an adversary would achieve total success at crippling you if they could concentrate on just one main storage facility rather than having to hit hundreds or even thousands of sites scattered throughout your territory each presenting different challenges.

[@emmettobrian1874]

The issue with antimatter as a battery is that collisions release gamma rays. Green people aside, gamma radiation isn't the best for turning into useful energy. It's hard to stop and convert. Still, regular fusion energy starts out as mostly gamma, so we'd have to get that figured out for fusion. The issue with storing anti-strange or anti-charm quarks is that they decay in 1.24 x10 -8 seconds and 1.1x10 -12 seconds. So even though they wouldn't immediately interact, they'd decay and start interacting before you could blink.

[@scifirealism5943]

the energy density of antimatter is constant, the problem is in the second component of a power supply: the power bank/cell/converter. You're right, gamma rays are problematic. Your power bank needs two components: one to somehow convert gamma rays into electricity(or reject it as waste heat) and a 2nd component for converting the charged pions into electricty. The bottom line is 100% of the energy isn't going to be turned into electricity. But antimatter is so energy dense even 40% energy efficiency would be astounding for power production. And storing antimatter requires anti-hydrogen and using some non-electromagnetic force. The best(albeit impractical) way of storing antimatter would be gravity via gravitational waves. After all, fusion containment happens in the Sun via gravity.