isoniazid pharmacology, antitubercular drugs, anti TB drugs pharmacology, pharmacology made easy

▪️ Isoniazid (anti TB drug), also know as antitubercular drug remains the primary drug for tuberculosis. Isoniazid, is a synthetic analog of pyridoxine. Isoniazid is a prodrug, that is activated by an enzyme myco-bacterial catalase, per oxidase. It is bacteriostatic for “resting” bacilli but bactericidal for dividing microorganisms. Isoniazid is able to penetrate into phagocytic cells, and, it can kill both, extra cellular and intra cellular organisms. Thus, used in treatment and prophylaxis of TB.
▪️ Mechanism of action of isoniazid:
Isoniazid inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids, which are essential components of mycobacterial cell walls, and there by destroying the cell wall of mycobacteria.
▪️ Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid:
Orally administered isoniazid is readily absorbed. Absorption is impaired if isoniazid is taken with food, particularly carbohydrates, or with aluminum-containing antacids. It diffuses readily, in all body tissues, tubercular cavities, placenta and meninges. It is extensively metabolized in liver. most important pathway, being acetylation, and metabolites are excreted in urine. The rate of isoniazid acetylation shows genetic variation. There are either. Fast acetylators, or, Slow acetylators. And with slow acetylators, enjoying a better therapeutic response.
▪️ Isoniazid is primarily indicated in conditions like:
* Acute leukemia. * Mycobacterial infection.
* Prophylaxis of TB.
* Tuberculosis. * Vestibular Disorders.
It can also be given in adjunctive therapy, as an alternative drug of choice, in Pulmonary TB.
▪️ Side effects of isoniazid:
The incidence of adverse effects is fairly low. Except for hypersensitivity, adverse effects are related to the dosage and duration of administration. But main adverse effects include, hepato-toxicity. Peripheral neuritis, which is the most common adverse effect, appears to be due to, a relative pyridoxine deficiency. Mental abnormalities, convulsions in patients prone to seizures, and optic neuritis. Isoniazid may also cause, hemolytic anemia, in individuals, with deficiency of enzyme, glucose six phosphate, dehydrogenase. And, it also decreases the metabolism of anti-epileptic drugs, like, phenytoin and carbamazepine, resulting in an increase in plasma concentration and toxicity of these drugs.
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Time Codes:
0:00 - Isoniazid Pharmacology
0:48 - Isoniazid Mechanism of action
1:02 - Isoniazid Pharmacokinetics
1:53 - Isoniazid Uses
2:14 - Isoniazid Side Effects
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[@jessejasper7591]

very well and briefly explained about pharmacology of isoniazid.

[@backlink411]

please make more video about pharmacology of different drugs. Thanks !

[@aishwaryasuryawanshi6960]

👍👍

[@truthspeaker1477]

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