ISTQB Foundation Level | 4.2.1 Equivalence Partitioning | Black Box Techniques | ISTQB Tutorials

[@ayanangshuful]

Neeraj , today I cleared the exam in my first go. I cannot thank you enough for all your efforts 🙏 Without your tutorials and lucid way of explaining , it wouldn't have been easy .

[@sureshsubramaniyam7980]

only by videos or you go through the docs

[@ayanangshuful]

@@sureshsubramaniyam7980 This tutorial + ISTQB sample question papers + 1 Udemy practice test set

[@usmanmunawar8382]

@@ayanangshuful Bro do you tell me about Udemy practice test ? it will be very helpful

[@ayanangshuful]

@@usmanmunawar8382 ISTQB Foundation Level chapter-wise exams [2023 updated] by T Roshdy

[@usmanmunawar8382]

@@ayanangshuful thanks alot dear

[@NinjaBilli]

Cleared the exam today. This chapter and the techniques are very important, many questions had come from BVA, EP etc.. Big thanks to @TM SQUARE and the tutor. 🙏🏻

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Congratulations KK!! Thanks for sharing your valuable comments. I wish you all the very best for all your future endeavors.

[@adepejuoyinadeadebola1240]

Were you allowed to use paper and pen

[@JB-ds6vc]

Please make some slight correction here.ctions from ≤16(less than or equal to) to ≥ 16(greater than or equal to 16 based on your explanation

[@cesarsruiz]

Wow, you made it very clear. Giving different examples of the same technique was good. Thanks for sharing your knowledge to the world.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Thanks Cesar

[@kripajohny]

I would like to thank you sir, Today I cleared my istqb examination. Most of the topics come from your video contents. I am glad that I found your channel. One's again thanks. May God bless you.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Congratulations Kripa!! It's a great achievement for you!! Thanks for the detailed feedback.. It's always my pleasure when someone finds my content aligned to there preparation and pass the exam. All the very best for all your future endeavors.

[@ridimasingh460]

@kripa johny how was the exam ? How were the questions from this chapter 4 ?

[@kripajohny]

@@ridimasingh460 hi exam was well, but for me the options were quite confusing. from chapter 4 question on state transition, decisions table testing and other topics were covered in question paper. From my experience... You go through the syllabus and videos in this channel. This way I followed and it helped me a lot.

[@ridimasingh460]

@@kripajohny thankyou. It indeed is a confusing chapter.

[@kripajohny]

@@ridimasingh460 all the best

[@sucito11]

That second example you showed is amazing! Thanks sir, Love your videos.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Thanks for your feedback @Mauricio.

[@ibrahimanifowoshe4825]

For the last example in this video, Option C vales also belong to the same equivalence classes. Why might that not be correct, please?

[@induc7418]

You are really doing a great job. Can you please answer the below question. You test a password validator. A password is valid if and only if it follows all the below rules: • it contains only letters and digits, • it has at least 6 characters, • it contains at least one digit and at least one capital letter. You have applied the equivalence partitioning and divided the input domain into the following classes: C1 - valid passwords containing only digits and capital letters, C2 - valid passwords other than those in C1, C3 - invalid passwords with incorrect length (too short), C4 - invalid passwords with the correct length, but containing at least one non-letter or non-digit character, C5 - invalid passwords not falling into C3 or C4. Which of the following, comma-separated, sets of test inputs achieves the largest equivalence partitioning coverage? A. ABC123, AB12, A+bc34, abc123 B. ABC, Ab12, aBc123, ABcd1234, Abc++12 C. AB123, abc+123, ABCDEF, 123456 D. A12345, a12345, ABcdef, Ab+12, ab

[@pramodkolekar205]

Hello neeraj sir bit a confused but got solved thanks for the help and this tutor

[@semraaliyeva2274]

I am preparing for istqb exam, i read the syllabus but it’s not sufficient I understood bva very clearly after watching this video it was very helpful, thanks 🙏🏻

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Semra, Thanks for valuable feedback. Happy Learning!!

[@kannankishore8019]

its very clear explanation for who is try to reach ISTQB

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Congratulations Kannan. Wishing you all the best in all your future endeavors.

[@apurvapote7343]

thanks for sharing all good content! Easy to understand and remember.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Glad it was helpful! Thanks

[@achichimakuri8662]

Thanks for the good explanation.

[@LITTLE-ELVIS-]

Thank you Neeraj sir for helpful and clear videos for all the testing topics. I am confused about following questions please explain them 1.All the students who secured more than 50 marks go to Room A, All the students who secured more than 75 go to Room B, All the students who secured less than 50 go to Room C. Identify the equivalence values which belong to the same class a)50, 60, 75 b)25, 50,75 c)49, 60, 76 d)75, 80, 100 2.To make a test effective it is most important that Answer Provided: It is designed to detect faults if present Correct Answer: The expected outcome is specified before execution

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi There, The ranges will less than or equal to 50, greater than 50 and less than or equals to 75 Greater than or equals to 76 So the answer is C covering all partitions Your 2nd question is unclear.. Please revert

[@renjinimanu1919]

Here the question is identify the equivalence values belong to the same class...so the answer is d isn't it?? The reply given by Neeraj is for covering all partition..Kindly reply..

[@shansinghai]

@@TMSQUARETECH Hi Neeraj, question asked for values which belongs to same class, so with EP classes you have mentioned i.e. >=50, 51-75, 76

[@shansinghai]

@@renjinimanu1919 your understanding is correct, please see my reply below with correct partition to cover option D in same class

[@michaeldkamsi4061]

Thank you so much. you made it so easy and clear.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

You're welcome

[@pramodkolekar205]

Hwllo Neeraj sir. For the employe question even option 3 would also be correct because even it falls under 5501 to to 35000, ehy we are not considering the option 3 as answer

[@100janyam]

A developer was asked to implement the following business rule: INPUT: value (integer number) IF (value ≤ 100 OR value ≥ 200) THEN write “value incorrect” ELSE write “value OK” You design the test cases using 2-value boundary value analysis. Which of the following sets of test inputs achieves the greatest coverage? a) 100, 150, 200, 201 b) 99, 100, 200, 201 c) 98, 99, 100, 101 d) 101, 150, 199, 200 Select ONE option. Will you tell me how to do equivalence partitioning where = is involved?

[@edeee]

Thank you, this is really helpful :)

[@TMSQUARETECH]

You’re welcome Ms Ede!!

[@maheshjakka7371]

Hi Neeraj, I am requesting you to please reply to the below question with "explanation". Thanks in advance.. If a candidate is given an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass (61%) and should get 80% for distinction, what is equivalence class. A. 23, 24, 25 B. 0, 12, 25 C. 30, 36, 39 D. 32,37,40

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Mahesh the questions is explained in details in my QnA Playlist. Please the videos on equivalence partition. kzbin.info/www/bejne/pWKzoWaBi9lrg9E

[@maheshjakka7371]

@@TMSQUARETECH Sure Neeraj, Thank you

[@Deepika2183]

Sir, What is the answer of below questions? please explain. Thank you for your great tutorials..cheers You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. Based on the score achieved the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A 1. If you apply equivalence partitioning, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum test coverage? 2. If you apply boundary value analysis, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum test coverage?

[@Deepika2183]

Sir, According to me min. test coverage with EP will be 8 ( including invalid range as well) min. test coverage with BVA will be 14 ( including invalid range as well) Can you please correct me if I am wrong with explanation? Thanks for your great support! Cheer- Happy Learning

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Here is answer to your question in my Q&A playlist - kzbin.info/www/bejne/mF67q4Opo76djaM

[@Deepika2183]

@@TMSQUARETECH Thank you so much Sir for the clear and simple explanation. Yes, I got confused if i should consider invalid range or not. But now I am clear. I am preparing for my exam which is coming soon, and your tutorials are very very helpful. Thanks for all your time and support.

[@leelusammi7231]

In the second example of employee salary , option C (i.e 28001, 32000, 35000) is also the correct answer right? They all fall under same class!

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Leelu The classes are as follows 1-4000 4001-5500 5501-33500 33501 and more Now you can feed in option C and you find that its distributed under 3rd and 4th class

[@leelusammi7231]

@@TMSQUARETECH Oh yes! you are right. Apologies I overlooked 33500 as 35000. Thank you so much, Your videos are really helpful :)

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Good going. All the best!!👍🏻

[@abhijitpandit8396]

@@TMSQUARETECH Its tough to pay attention this level questions

[@iswaryagovind6103]

Hi Neeraj, Can u please tell me the anser for the below question with proper Justification. Which of the following is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the following problem? Paying with credit cards shall be possible with Visa, Master and Amex cards only. A. Visa, Master, Amex; B. Visa, Master, Amex, Diners, Keycards, and other option C. Visa, Master, Amex, any other card, no card D. No card, other cards, any of Visa - Master - Amex

[@studywithme2870]

you should take valid inputs only ( as it is mentionned in the question : valid collection of equivalence classes) so the answer is A

[@mahdiyanaushad4859]

Hi sir, can you explain the partitions of below question You are testing a simplified apartment search form which has only two search criteria: • floor (with three possible options: ground floor; first floor; second or higher floor) • garden type (with three possible options: no garden; small garden; large garden) Only apartments on the ground floor may have gardens. The form has a built-in validation mechanism that will not allow you to use the search criteria which violate this rule. Each test has two input values: floor and garden type. You want to apply equivalence partitioning (EP) to cover each floor and each garden type in your tests. What is the minimal number of test cases to achieve 100% EP coverage? a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 the answer is B

[@pramodkolekar205]

Hello madiyan, I guess the answer is 5 because for the ground floor we have 3 test cases, without garden ,with small and big garden. And for the first floor, Second floor and the higher, @Neeraj sir can you please explain

[@Priya-yv3ev]

Can you please explain why option C is not correct?? It's also coming in same class

[@arunasavyasachi5617]

Thank you so much!

[@duleep_paranamanne]

Very helpful guide

[@ngpt2180]

I don’t understand 1 example how you calculate the things and I also don’t understand last one because as my point of view all are correct options..

[@rehanapatel2863]

Hi sir, thanks you explained ep nicely. I have one question if you could explain it If a candidate is giving an exam of 40 questions, should get 25 marks to pass(61 percentage) and should get 80 percentage for distinction, what is equivalence class A. 23, 24, 25 B. 0, 12, 25 C. 30, 36,39 D. 32, 37,40 Answer is d

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Please watch this video - kzbin.info/www/bejne/p17Imp6VhK2gZ7c

[@samuelt8449]

Hi Neeraj, I’m slightly confused with the last question. That D was the right answer. Would you be able to explain further for me please?

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Samuel, In the last question they gave a set of ranges and asked you to select the option which falls under one particular class or same class. Thus, based on the detailed explanation option D is the only one which has set of values falling under the same class. I hope this meets your expectation. In case not please write back.

[@ritzsharma604]

Question #22 (1 Point) A daily radiation recorder for plants produces a sunshine score based on a combination of the number of hours a plant is exposed to the sun (below 3 hours, 3 to 6 hours or above 6 hours) and the average intensity of the sunshine (very low, low, medium, high). Given the following test cases: Hours Intensity Score T1 1.5 v. low 10 T2 7.0 medium 60 T3 0.5 v. low 10 What is the minimum number of additional test cases that are needed to ensure full coverage of ALL VALID INPUT equivalence partitions? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 answer is b but I as per my understanding it should be 1 please help

[@uwaisk5540]

Did you get clarity on this? @TM Square Technology Solutions. Can you help?

[@soumyas8291]

@Ritz Sharma, In the question mentioned, both the duration and sunshine intensity needs to be mentioned. In the table given, v low and medium intensities are mentioned. Low and High intensities are also considered as valid test data... Hence 2 other test cases need to be added. Duration between 3-6 can be a test case combination with sunshine intensities trial. Hence, answer is 2

[@uwaisk5540]

@@soumyas8291 thanks I passed my ISTQB

[@soumyas8291]

@@uwaisk5540 congratulations... The answer might help the other readers like me. Hence I replied to the question ☺️

[@ritzsharma604]

@soumya s I have already cleared my ISTQB exam last year

[@shohidurrahmanshaju5798]

Can we use pen and paper during exam at home or exam center?

[@anjalimahna4983]

1. A program validates a numeric field as follows: values less than 10 are rejected, values between and including 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected. Identify all the equivalent classes (valid and invalid) for the following examples. Write the test cases providing test data ? Could you please assist me with this Question?

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Ms. Anjali, As per the given information there are 3 ranges which can be formed. range 1 - Any value less than or equal to 9 Range 2 - Any value between 10-21 Range 3 - Any value greater than or equal to 22 Here, range 1 and 3 are invalid as they do not accept the value as valid whereas, range 2 is valid. As per EP any one value can be used as test data from each range to form the tests. Again, there will be min 3 test cases required to cover this scenario where 2 are invalid and 1 is valid. I hope this is in line with your understanding. Should you need any further assistance feel free to comment below.

[@prachiprakash3140]

A booking system for a city bus service prices its fares according to the time of travel: Peak-time tariff starts at 0600 and finishes at 1000 am. Off-peak tariff applies during all other times of service.The bus service does not operate between 2300 and the start of the next day's peak service.When applying the equivalence partitioning test design technique, which of the following options, shows test case inputs that each fall i nto a different equivalence partition? Options : 1. 0600,1000,1200 2. 1001, 1300, 2259 3. 0100, 0800, 2200, 4. 2400, 0800, 2200 Answer - 3 Please clarify it.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi there will be three classes 0600-1000 hrs 1001-2259 hrs 2300-0559 hrs Options 3 covers all 3 partitions as per the scenario

[@sjaki4844]

@@TMSQUARETECH Hi there, what is then the difference between 3 and 4? As 4 also covers all three classes. Thanks for your answer in advance!

[@TMSQUARETECH]

@@sjaki4844 That's good one. There must be something wrong with either 3 or 4. Otherwise, your point is correct and both the option covers all three partitions..

[@sjaki4844]

@@TMSQUARETECH Ah okay, maybe that caused the confusion. Maybe a typo? Thank you very very much for confirming!

[@TMSQUARETECH]

@@sjaki4844 You are welcome..

[@harshalaher7445]

We can apply BVA 2 points or 3 points after EP for valid range ? It's part of explorty testing but when we design test case what will be considering ?

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Harshal, Yes we can always do the that by applying EP and then BVA on the valid ranges. And EP and BVA are formal techniques (Block Box Techniques) whereas exploratory is a experience based technique & they are independent.

[@jeancarlo912]

I did not understand the last example, can you please explain? Regards

[@22chevi]

This is amazing

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Thanks Pivi!!

[@TheDeeptinamdeo]

Hello Sir, Could you please help with below question..which answer should be correct and why ? Q.Following 4 equivalence classes are given below. x

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Deepti, You just have to oick each option here and fit them into the classes/partitions provided to you. The right answer here is B.-99;99;101;1001 As this is the only option which covers all the partition referring to the value of X

[@imenbouheni1947]

Hello, I would say C is the correct answer. B doesn't include a value from the first partition (the first partition is about negative values, so -99>-100 then -99 is not included in the first partition x

[@Ness9161]

Thank you very much for your lessons! I really hope they will help me tomorrow in my examination)))).

[@user-qf4hj8zc6t]

I need help, the third example I didn't get it.

[@jarydgov1650]

Hi, please can you assist with an explanation on how to answer question 21 and 22 found in the ISTQB sample paper

[@saimurugeshwari8151]

Please explain this question. If a candidates is giving the exam of 40 question, should get 25 marks to pass(61%) and should get 80% of distinction,what is equivalent classes 1.23,24,25 2.0,12,25 3.30,36,39 4.32,37,40 Which one is crct answer, they said d is crct.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Murugeshwari, Watch the detailed explanation here - kzbin.info/www/bejne/p17Imp6VhK2gZ7c

[@saimurugeshwari8151]

@@TMSQUARETECH thank u so much sir

[@vaishnavikharade1265]

hello sir i have one question can u help me out with that. a video application has the following requirement: the application shall allow playing a video on the foloowing display sizes: 1. 640*480 2.1280*720 3. 1600*1200 4. 1920*1080 which of the following test cases is result of of applying the euivalence partitioning test teschnique to test this requirement? 1.verify that the appln can play a video on display size 1920*1080( 1test) 2. verify that the appln can play a video on each of the display sizes in requirement ( 4test) 3. verify that the appln can play a video on display size 640*480 & 1920*1080 ( 2test) 4. verify that the appln can play a video on any one of the display sizes in the requiremnet( 1test)

[@shansinghai]

2- 4tests

[@vardi3408]

In example section, how is "negative numbers, 1 through 15, above 15" is different than "less than 1, 1 through 15, more than 15" ?

[@TMSQUARETECH]

because of basic mathematics. An integer includes 0 as well. So If have to write number between -3 to +3 it will be -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3. So negative numbers starts from -1 to lower and less than one starts from 0. I hope this clarifies your query.

[@usmanmunawar8382]

thank you so much for giving such clearance about these techniques. I wanna ask do you have some other materials for practice as you tell there are 11 questions in this chapter. More practice will be helpful. your kind response will be appreciated

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Usman You can try them here - tm-square.blogspot.com/p/istqb-foundation-level-mock-exams.html

[@priyankakathare8482]

Hi Neeraj Thankyou for explaining so properly. I have a question for equivalence partitioning from the book FOUNDATIONS OF SOFTWARE TESTING By DOROTHY GRAHAM

[@priyankakathare8482]

Chapter 4 question number 8

[@allwynnirmal6457]

Hi Neeraj, thanks for the amazing video. In general the Eq. Partition it should have one invalid partition right?.. I think it is missed

[@TMSQUARETECH]

In General, Yes!! But in real time or as per the syllabus we restrict our classes to that of scenario. If I am talking about salary, age, experience - there is no point having a negative. If considered you may get an extra test and it will be wrong in exam

[@midnightrose3796]

Didn't get the third example ? isn't it supposed to be 1-4000, 4000 -1500, 1501 -28000 , 2800

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Just look at it again how can you have the range as 4000 to 1500. the right boundary has to be higher than left boundary right? Another way is 1500 is already covered in first range. 3rd way - the word "next" means adding the value to previous value not to initial.

[@midnightrose3796]

@@TMSQUARETECH Yes, You are right . But how did you know the left boundary of the second, third ranges. Its not stated in the question, (like values including from 4000-33500). One last question, Are we allowed to use pen and paper in the exam? Thanks

[@sheljasharma1574]

I am not able to understand the last example of this video please explain it brief?

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Shelja, Here, we are trying to create ranges with using the word next. the classes are created by adding the given values to previous value. The question is to see which option consist a set of value which will under the same class which is option D in our case. Hope this is fine with you now.

[@vojjakaz1413]

@@TMSQUARETECH option C would also fit in or am I mistaken?

[@sb3796]

@@vojjakaz1413 From my understanding, the last value in option C would fall into the last range, since it's more than 33500

[@TheMy1destiny]

Postal rates for light letters are 25p upto 10g,35p upto 50g plus an extra 10p for each additional 25g upto 100g.Which test inputs( in grams) would be selected using equivalence partitioning? a. 8,42,82,102 b.4,15,65,92,159 c.10,50,75,100 d.5,20,40,60,80 Solution is b Can anyone of you please explain?

[@TheMy1destiny]

Hi sir can you please explain this to me asap. I have an exam on this friday.

[@nalinidhulipudi760]

hi Savitha did you get the clarity for this question.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

There are five ranges... 1-10g, 11 to 50g, 51-75g, 76-100g, 101 and greater if you see in option B it covers all the partition thus that is the right answer

[@ektarawat5797]

@@TMSQUARETECH but there is no price given for the last range(above 100gm). so why to take that range...

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Hi Ekta, There are possible weights above that as well it's just that the price is not provided but the parcel can exist. You have to think like a tester to work on a scenario not as a exam student. Please watch my video on this question here kzbin.info/www/bejne/p17Imp6VhK2gZ7c

[@sahalajamal7039]

Can we use pen and paper during istqb exam?

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Yes you can!!

[@saimurugeshwari8151]

Hi sir when it comes last question the first option also falls under 3rd class,4800,14000 and 28000,and the second option also same, during this time how can we identify last option is correct, please reply.

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Please check the classes once again 0-4000, 4001-5500, 5501-33500, 33501 and above. How can 4800 and 14000 fall into same class?

[@saimurugeshwari8151]

@@TMSQUARETECH thank u sir👍🏻

[@vinceesamodellek9720]

@@TMSQUARETECH can you please help me? Why isn't the third class highest value 33501 (I mean, it should be 5501+28000=33501; Why is it 33500? Thanks!

[@TMSQUARETECH]

@@vinceesamodellek9720 Hey Vnce, Its not a question on highest value.. its about which set of values cover highest(maximum) number of partitions.. I hope this makes sense :)

[@jeancarlo912]

Consider the following (simplified) rules for calculating the stamp duty due to the NSW government, on purchase of a house: Houses costing less than $50k are not subject to charges. Those costing $50k or more are charged $765 Those costing $75k or more are charged $1200 Those costing $150k or more are charged $4000 Those costing $225k or more are charged $6500 Those costing $400k or more are charged $13,500 Those costing $700k or more are charged $30,000 A system has been built to calculate these charges automatically. Inputs are expected to be in 1000s of dollars. Derive a set of equivalence partitions to test this system.

[@shansinghai]

>50k, 50k-74k,75k-149k,150k-224k,225k-399k,400k-699k,

[@nanigahcaleb]

@@shansinghai The first class should be "=700k"

[@shansinghai]

@@nanigahcaleb Thanks, I meant that only. I just used the wrong signs 😅

[@korirkiptoo9369]

Kindly help resolve the below questions

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Please check answer above

[@mrinmoysarkar6702]

For EP questions 2and 3 option is also fall in same class so why option D

[@korirkiptoo9369]

Below you will find the requirements to identify the Account Diversity Grade of a user. Read the requirements carefully and identify what test users you need to setup in order to completely test and make sure all the below requirements are covered. (Note: you should identify the optimum (minimum) number of users needed to test all of the requirements) Requirements: A user can have different types of loan accounts. Now we grade a user’s Account Diversity based on two factors. 1) loanTypeCount 2) totalAccounts loanTypeCount = the number of different (distinct) LoanType values for all accounts that the user has. However do not include LoanType = Unknown & Collections but include all others Applicable values for LoanType are ( Home Loan, Heloc, Credit Card, Car Loan, Collections, Unknown) totalAccounts = total number of loan accounts user has (do not include LoanType = Unknown & Collections but include all others) example-> if user has 3 credit cards and 2 home loans and 1 Collection account, then totalAccounts = 5 and loanTypeCount = 2) The logic to determine accountDiversityGrade is the following: If totalAccounts> 20 or loanTypeCount >= 4, accountDiversityGrade = A Else if totalAccounts> 10 or loanTypeCount = 3, accountDiversityGrade = B Else if totalAccounts>= 5 or loanTypeCount= 2, accountDiversityGrade = C Else if totalAccounts > 0 or loanTypeCount = 1, accountDiversityGrade = D Else accountDiversityGrade=null (n/a)

[@TMSQUARETECH]

Please go through expert level certification syllabus before attempting this question.. This is not a foundation level question.