ISV - Interstellar Vehicle | How it works from Avatar: The Way of Water

[@a_tree5793]

When the designs in the movie are far more intelligent than the movie itself

[@natsirt9809]

The execution of the design of the ISV is so scientifically accurate and detailed that I think whoever came up with it should receive a huge award. I wish that the movie was as well planned as the design for this machine.

[@Tallacus]

fun fact: the designer of the AMP suits in the movie also designed a real life bipedal mech that now has been built and being tested by a wealthy South Korean automaker, the mechanized suit works but like early bipedal robot designs its has to still wear a harness to keep itself from falling over but the builders said it can walk on its own two feet. So yes the human tech in Avatar is very achievable by today's tech and is inspiring people to actually build these things

[@paulmoffat9306]

One hitch -> Departure from Earth is aided by a light sail, BUT arrival and departure from Pandora does NOT have that advantage. SOOO, explain how the acceleration and deceleration from 0.7C takes the SAME time?

[@jeffery7281]

I would said it's almost misfortune for the ISV to be at Avatar universe. It should deserved an entire its own of space exploration franchise. Realistic hard sci-fi version of Star Trek!

[@HexaSquirrel]

@@paulmoffat9306The departure from earth is via the lightsail/ shield from an unbelievably powerful laser accelerating it to .7c. The main anti-matter propulsion is used only for arrival and departure of Pandora, with the assumption they refuel at Pandora for that trip back to Earth. Then the laser is used to decelerate the spacecraft towards Earth.

[@Digi20]

@@paulmoffat9306 i would guess the sail is just incorporated to use less fuel on the two occasions it can be used on top of the engines.

[@blas_de_lezo7375]

Funny detail: the first ship to arrive to pandora was much bulkier because it didnt have the "unobtanium" .

[@IluminousOne-9.7.2]

And likely, it's journey took much longer because Anti-matter engines are used to decelerate the ISV

[@Corristo89]

It's amazing to see how Cameron and his team actually thought about this and gave us a fictional interstellar ship that would actually work in real life if we could figure out the last pieces of the puzzle (superconductors working at room temperature, antimatter, carbon nanotubes). It's not based on space magic or some material or substance that they flatout made up (i.e. dilithium crystals from Star Trek), but actual science.

[@barrywhite6060]

I understand and agree with you to a point about what you're saying, and I could be wrong but I think with Star Trek the dilithium crystals are doing the job that the superconductors would be in reality, I didn't really watch Star Trek TOS to know when they started using the term but I know by the time of TNG that that's when I heard the term so they just might not have known about the superconductors then. I was watching another video and it said how the show changed how it described a warp field to a warp bubble when real-life science showed that for a warp drive to work in real life, it would need to create a bubble around the ship in order to warp space to allow the ship to move faster than the speed of light, and it was said that the people at Star Trek did that a lot as far as changing the scientific things in the show when scientists in the real world showed how something in the show would really be done in reality, I think the only reason they still use 'dilithium crystals' now is that at the speed that the Enterprise and other ships in the Star Trek Universe travel that the way the ships work in Avatar wouldn't be able the reach the speeds in Trek. I was already a fan but the fact that the people behind the shows were willing to change the science in the show to meet current scientific knowledge when necessary only made me love the Star Trek Franchise more.

[@phillipthorne8363]

@@barrywhite6060 The function of dilithium in warp drive was inconsistent in TOS (as was the entire drive), TAS and tie-in fiction, and was depicted with a consistent purpose only from TNG courtesy of Okuda and Sternbach -- i.e., it moderates the matter-antimatter reaction to produce a plasma stream suitable for the warp coils. (Don't get me started on "warp plasma.") Magnetic constriction is used to transport the reactants into the warp core and the plasma to the warp coils -- that's a different function than magnetic fields as the nozzles of an antimatter rocket. The "warp bubble" dialogue in TNG (1990) and the technical manual (1991) actually predate the "Alcubierre" proposal (1994).

[@f-86zoomer37]

okay, but dilithium (Li 2)isn't a magical substance. In theory, Lithium can exist as Li2. What it can do, well anyone can speculate. We haven't observed any diatomic lithium, but the theories say it can exist.

[@xanderortega4359]

Were already on the antimatter part, just need to contain it for storage

[@Cap-9956]

There's just an issue with the shields, since they're there only during the cruise phase and not as effective (because not spaced) during the other phases

[@Tallacus]

These ships are the real reason why I love Cameron's Avatar so much, real sci fi that inspires future generations and gives hope for humanity. Like the Dinosaurs of Skull Island were the real stars of the 2005 King Kong movie these ships and their Valkyrie shuttles are the real stars of this franchise.

[@dang-x3n0t1ct]

Although it was a shame seeing the hero losing in both movies.

[@zmm978]

Concise, accurate, informative, very cool. Thanks for the hard work of making this.

[@vladdydaddy1026]

When I was 4 I watched the first avatar so many times and this was My favorite space ship ever

[@JayMayJam]

Me too!

[@furycat28]

Possibly one of the most craziest and insane ship I watched when I was young.

[@vgames1543]

Huge respect to Cameron and his crew for building those vessels and travelling to an Alien planet just to show us this technology.

[@spacescienceguy]

Initially they were just going to use CGI, but Cameron built the ships without the producers' knowledge so they just went with it.

[@andrewcoulthard-clark]

Great video! Thanks for posting it😊 At first I thought the idea of an ISV capable of atmospheric entry was silly, as initially they were never meant to stop; I've only now realised they're similar to how NASA got the latest rover onto the surface of Mars.

[@JayMayJam]

I agree! Although its design has its flaws, it is by far one of the most realistic fictional ships depicted. Thanks for watching!

[@8749236]

ISV is capable of 1.5G acceleration, sky crane ain't the point, the problem with atmospheric entry is the heat from surrouding air will melt the ship (the plume will heat surrouding air to temperature high than the temperature of the sun). However, it is a cool scene, so I'll let that pass.

[@andrewcoulthard-clark]

@8749236 thanks for that👍there's since been a wonderful video that illustrates your point by Spacedock, 'Analysing the ISV landing' from a realistic perspective

[@Ignisan_66]

The atmospheric entry with the antimatter engines is unrealistic as hell as the plumes are basically constant nuclear explosions concentrated in two narrow plumes, if these plumes would encounter an atmosphere they would immediately heat up and ionize the entire atmosphere below the ISV, this would create giant pressure waves that would destroy the ship and everything in a radius of hundreds or perhaps thousands of miles.

[@CarlosAM1]

I mean yes but there's two big problems 1. Gamma radiation scatters, which would instantly kill the crew, unlike NASA which uses chemical engines 2. the entire surface below the ship would also get irradiated

[@Devar]

Very nice animation. Gotta love the ISV concept, it is real Science Fiction!

[@bbfissingle1715]

My only complaint about the design is that the shields aren't able to be used during the acceleration or deceleration phases. I understand that both phases take up a small part of the overall voyage, but I'd still be incredibly nervous about flying in one of those things.

[@baussier134]

Yeah, I get you. For the first five months of the voyage, you should just pray to never encounter a grain of dust on the way.

[@edd4816]

Presumably the solar sail can act as a shield for the earth outbound portion, but just that phase only, on return it would be in the wrong orientation. Ideally you'd want to be able to let some of the projected shields go off into space as disposables so that they can continue clearing debris from the ship's path even during deceleration. Even then you'd still be stuck without shielding when accelerating out from Pandora.

[@Imagine_Beyond]

Also during the flip the ship is not shielded from interstellar dust and a single dust grain at 0.7c can destroy it. A more likely scenario is that the ship always faces forward and has the solar sail deploy behind it. In addition the antimatter rockets can fire both directions. They fire forwards slightly angled to decelerate and can while fire backwards to accelerate. This would make a more reasonable design without ever needing to flip the ship

[@MSaleh-vy8rr]

That's why Spice is very important so the Navigator can use the substances to see safer routes to travel space. "He who controls the spice, controls the universe."

[@TheElMuffin]

it's never mentioned, but it's easy to put a second shield right in front of the sail towards the direction of travel. The ship was designed with "good enough for the movie" mentality and first impressions.

[@Astra2]

Great video! Probably my favourite interstellar ship from sci-fi. I like how it uses elements from current conceptual designs of interstellar ships, like light sails and antimatter propulsion. Seems like something we could actually build in the not so distance future.

[@Devar]

NIce animation. Gotta love the ISV concept, it's fantastic Science Fiction!

[@phillipthorne8363]

It should be noted that the ISV design is inspired by the work of Charles Pellegrino and Jim Powell; the "Valkyrie" antimatter rocket was used in several short stories and novels from 1993. Director James Cameron is a science and SF nerd, and with "Avatar," he was able to pull together a bunch of ideas from written SF that hadn't been used in a big-budget movie.

[@DeltaV64]

Legend is that this is the exact video that they used in the RDA pitch meeting to start the ISV project.

[@lihkan]

This is the most fascinating and frustrating thing about Avatar. So much thought put into vehicles and lore, making it one of the most believable scifi there is. And all that just to make bootleg Pocahontas in SPACE.

[@rufuspipemos]

Avatar is a ridiculous script, poorly executed. But the visuals were so great, I let it pass.

[@hunnyjar8937]

I couldn't give a crap about the story, but the demonstration of concepts in science using Disney level budgets for visuals makes me fully erect 👍

[@romulodecastrodasilva5863]

This video is better than entire avatar 2!

[@MartinRichardi]

amazing video guys!!! it's amazing the amount of info and effort they put in this beautiful design, specially considering the ships don't appear too much in the film

[@d5kenn]

This is a really, really good visual summary of the ISV functionality, thank you for it! 1. Are you sure the engines are used for acceleration phase? I thought only the photon sail was used on the Pandora-bound trip? 2. One potential detail that could have been added is the role of the Valkyries to travel to Polyphemus to skim gas/hydrogen to refuel the ISV for the return trip to earth. / Btw, when you say the fleet consists of 10 ships, there are 11 on screen at the same time :)

[@gvardiecky9507]

Valkyrie shuttle (its been told in avatar 2009 game, in those wiki modules) that it goes to polyphemus to gather hydrogen, or antimmatter for refueling for the ISV

[@habeebadesina8468]

According to the comics and wiki, about 12 total have ever been built, the oldest and first one was later abandoned around the gas giant. and in Avatar 2 they send 10 ships to pandora, so probably 1 left back on earth or on other missions

[@d5kenn]

@@habeebadesina8468 it’s a good question how they sent 10 ships at once. That is a lot of photonic propulsion needed all at once.

[@habeebadesina8468]

@@d5kenn Well according to the movie, they're here for the planet; but if i was in charge of the RDA, i'd diversify and invest in colonising the rest of the solar system, asteroids and such, Pandora can't sustain 10 billion humans arriving at once, so the idea of resettling everyone on pandora is dumb. It's better to send a few there to ease the pressure on earth, and locate other habitable exoplanets, it shouldn't take long anyway if a trip to alpha centauri is just 6 years, they can afford to go to other star systems

[@xDaniel.S]

​@habeebadesina8468 dividing like that for long periods of time might cause some systems to develop independence and break away from a unified humanity. I would say after at least 100 or so years on Pandora, it would be fine to try to find other habitable places. It's important for everyone to work together this early on in our efforts to abandon Earth and colonise another planet. An example of this would be The Martians from call of duty: infinite warfare. It started out as an resource grab for Earth, but after spending so much time on Mars, they didn't see themselves as being from Earth anymore, and a large war broke out between the two.

[@reginaldhughley9308]

In my opinion, this was a very well done overview of the ISV - Interstellar ships and their basic operation . Good Job.

[@superkartoffel7479]

Not only is the animation beatifully simplistic but the music is also fire.

[@Kinglee420]

Nasa with the us military's budget

[@CombraStudios]

Thank you for this beautiful infographics. We could have realistic ship designs in every sci-fi movie, all it took was James Cameron having the intention and hiring space nerds

[@kluandroid3095]

One of my favourite videos on KZbin

[@xinguan2681]

6:59 Just wonder how crew on the ship would even live. How they sleep, how they not bump into equipment and such.

[@xinguan2681]

Maybe equipments (like the AMP suits) had magnetic feet.

[@ABW941]

They mentioned that the crew modul would create artificial gravity by rotating, not while in transit, i guess the massive force of 0.7c would help with that.

[@xinguan2681]

@@ABW941 I actually meant about the landing module here: 7:01 The one with legs, and orange, and is bigger than the habatation module.

[@caav56]

@@xinguan2681 Cryo, most likely.

[@xinguan2681]

@@caav56 6:59 Where’s all the room for that? Unless the entire Starships spins for gravity…

[@hubertcumberdale6404]

Great video man! I might just be dumb and had to pause the video to read all the captions. Am I the only one?

[@oh_flock]

If you look closely at the Manifest Destiny, there are 2 small cylinders attached to the Valkyrie access ports. These might be the crew cabins, as they are aligned with the centre of the ship and would be protected from the radiation.

[@oh_flock]

Or maybe it's the cylinder between the Valkyrie loading arms. That would make more sense than what I said earlier.

[@0zymanndias773]

Naming the ship Manifest Destiny is diabolical lmfaoooo

[@AVTR]

Cool video well done!

[@paulgrove1407]

The NASA engineer who designed this for Cameron did take some poetic license and scaled it up a bit for theatrical reasons, but this is the closest rendition we have of a practical interstellar spaceship. One thing that bugs me of the sequel is that the entire system is designed with one ISV at Pandora, one being refurbished at Earth and the other 10 in transit, 5 to Pandora, and 5 returning to Earth. Lightspeed cannot be broken, so it would have taken Earth a minimum of 4 years to be notified of the uprising by Radio. And 5 for the first return flight to arrive with the survivors. By then 5 ships would have arrived at Pandora, had to wait for their return slot while in Orbit and flew back. Why did not of them respond? It would have taken them over a decade to stop the entire cycler system and set up a invasion force. But they would have had to build a massive network of laser station at earth to launch a flotilla.

[@galihpda]

Wow great motion graphic, very good job

[@peaktroglodyte]

Underrated channel! Awesome animations :)

[@algray1195]

No kidding! I read a ton of comments on this video, Nerd central, so I'm in.. LOL. I'm now your 106TH subscriber. Keep them coming JAY. 🤠

[@RINSZLER]

7:25 ok but, wouldn't it also be toxic to humans due to the large amount of radiation produced by the exhausted fumes ?

[@MALOK003]

i think the ISV might surpasses the star destroyer!!! atleast for me. they don't have any reasons for equiping it with weapons but a orbital configuration would be pretty op and pretty cool.

[@waffletracktor]

Wow! can't believe a video of this quality is your first video! You must have some other experience with video production as this was very well done! I've watched TONS of other videos and done research on the ISVs yet I still learned something from this video (plus the animation was beautiful.) you've earned your 77th subscriber! And you better start getting loads more if the algorithm has any sense of justice.

[@TheMrPeteChannel]

In the Avatar universe humans do have FTL communication. So maybe one day it will take less than a year to get to Pandora.

[@artworkdt2077]

what is FTL?

[@CaptainKlitz]

​@@artworkdt2077faster than light

[@ruin1619]

But how do they do the 180 degree turn in midst of the 0.7c flight?

[@terrablae2299]

Relativity. The ship experiences no forces once its done accelerating to 0.7c.

[@vkobevk]

same reason than our planet turn around the sun when our sun move around milky way and milky way move in space, in space nothing will stop you

[@45580677]

Excellent work I notice way of the water has customized the ISV a module or a additional rotating section

[@StellarCrackhead42]

You really need more subscribers, this video is amazing!!! So far the best explanation about this awesome ship, instantly subscribed!

[@smeargtr8939]

Great video! Sadly in the sequel the humans still didnt have arrow-proof canopies.

[@sentauri43]

God damn, that is just beautiful

[@andre9191]

Very informative but I had to pause multiple times to read what was on the screen. The music wasn’t the best choice either.

[@Agonis100]

Awesome work! Looking forward to future content from this channel.

[@KingDeelan]

Im surprised this video hasnt recieve the attention it deserves!

[@TheElMuffin]

Major mistake there. Departing from Earth only the photon sail is used, and the antimatter engines are idle. The whole point is that you can conserve on mass by pushing the spaceship away from Earth with the laser, and the antimatter engines are used to decelerate at Pandora. On the return trip engines are once again used to accelerate away from Pandora, and the ship's sail is used to decelerate towards Earth. Check your math. If you have to use engines 4 times you need x4 amount of fuel. If you only need to use engines 2 times, you only need x2 amount of fuel. Using engines both ways defeats the whole point of having the laser on Earth. More so, only antimatter on the ship is stored for a 2-way trip, not the H2 reaction mass. All needed antimatter would weigh in kilograms at most, not tons, whereas H2 would weight tons upon tons. Upon arriving to Pandora an ISV will have used all of it's reaction mass. Valkyries are used as H2 collectors to re-fill ISV's tanks for the return trip. H2 is a pretty stupid choice in my opinion, it's a bitch to store, while water is abundant on Pandora, and it would be easier and cheaper to use as reaction mass and would work just as well. Maybe in-universe explanation is that somehow skimming H2 off a gas giant with a much larger gravitational pull than Pandora somehow requires less fuel, but I doubt it.

[@artworkdt2077]

You are so knowledgeable. I have a few questions. - Why does antimatter only require a few kilograms, but H2 requires tons? I thought they needed about the same amount. And can we estimate the required mass of antimatter, matter, for this trip? Some say hundreds of tons of antimatter fuel are needed for this trip. - When the sail is used, the shield will be at the back of the ship, so how will the ship and the sail protect against interstellar dust? - When the ship flips in the middle of the trip to decelerate, the shield will no longer be in the right direction to protect the ship. So how will the ship protect against interstellar dust?

[@saaszon5903]

​@artworkdt2077 OP didn't gave the answers so I'll do 1- since 10grams of antimatter=nuclear bomb you dont need a whole lot of antimatter, as for the H2, most of it is there to absorb energy from the matter-antimatter reactions, like H2 in NTP engines (that's why its called reaction mass) 2- the used part of the sail is facing the same direction as the shield, which was also designed to protect the crew from the laser (the sail also folds in when they are in interstellar space) 3- the ship is launched backwards and flips before getting to interstellar space (and the antimatter engines are also backwards, pointing in the shields direction [thats why they need that big truss and the engine was given a slight angle {otherwise it would blow the shield}] and when they are accelerating the ship they are still in the centauri system and can perform a flip before reaching interstellar space)

[@saaszon5903]

Most of what i wrote is in the video

[@TheElMuffin]

@@artworkdt2077 apologies, I could have sworn I responded: 1 a single gram of antimatter annihilates itself and the single gram of matter it comes in contact with to release 43 kilotons of energy in TNT equivalent. That's about 2 bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima. The simple answer to the question of why fuel ratios are different is that manufacturing 1g of antimatter for every 1g of reaction mass is simply impossibly impractical, so we'll just take what we can get. The energy transfer is still impressive and antimatter is used to cheat around the infinite loop of "more mass requires more fuel that means more mass that requires more fuel, etc". Antimatter ships need not have mass ratio more than 4.9:1, meaning 3.9 units of mass of reaction fluid for every 1 unit of mass of the ship's dry weight. For interstellar travel, mass of antimatter can be scaled up to kilograms, but probably still grams. I'm sure calculating the necessary exact masses would involve a lot of complex maths, that can be summed up as "reaction mass in tons, and antimatter catalhst in grams, or maybe kilograms". 2 The shield can easily be moved around the ship, but really the shield need only ever face one way and that's at the direction of travel. It's used for protecting the ship's shadow, but not the sail, which can be left to the elements. 3 The ship never flips halfway, that defeats the point of having two separate propulsion systems. Imagine the ship as a train that only go forwards or backwards. The laser pushes it awar from Earth, and engines are used to brake. On the trip home, engines are used to push the ship away from Pandora, and the laser is used to brake it. The ship never flips halfway. That said, the shield can always be moved around the ship with tugs, and it would maintain ship's velocity. It would be like moving furniture around the room.

[@artworkdt2077]

@@TheElMuffin ​Thank you for your response, perhaps KZbin has quietly deleted your comment, I have encountered that situation many times. Your responses are very detailed, I will study them. As for the ship, does it flip in the middle of the journey? I think yes, because by design the nanosail part is at the back of the ship (the side near the propulsion system). If the sail is in that position, the ship must depart exactly as mentioned in the video. I have a hypothesis that the shields are only intended to prevent cosmic rays from harming passengers, and during the ship's flip, the shields will move to ensure the passenger compartment is covered. And the ship itself is sturdy enough to withstand space dust. Regardless, this shield is not large enough to cover the entire ship. So with this hypothesis, in the early stages of the trip, the shields do not need to move to the forward position to block space dust, but the giant propulsion system will do that. It's big enough and sturdy enough to cover the passenger compartment in the back. What do you think about this? ... Or maybe I was thinking wrong. The nano sail actually doesn't have to be like a parachute pulling the ship like in the video. Maybe it's flat and on the front, receiving 100% of the laser beam and pushing the ship.

[@John_Gillman]

3:05 correct me if im wrong but wouldn't this create a convex lense and instantly vaporize the ship?

[@LordmorrisII]

But there is one questen. If the foundt Unabtanium on Pandora and need it for intestellar travel? How the get first to Pandora?

[@artworkdt2077]

There was at least one predecessor to the ISV Venture Star and other Capital Star-class ships, a ship that was four times as massive as the current design. It uses cold superconductors (because no unobtanium was available when building it), which require much bigger radiators.

[@alexgram4345]

Cool presentation and explanation! Wonder if you are speculating on certain aspects - how do you know things like laser from earth and sail?

[@MacElMasMancoDeTodos]

Movie: About how nature fights the ruthless human expansion through the Universe. Public: Gives a fuck about nature and pray the big blue, Sun-hot plasma jet melting the surface on landing cause is freaking cool 😎

[@flyersniper7249]

2:51 Someone in that studio went ham on that beat.

[@SamSayaz]

Why is the ISV Manifest Destiny lowered by cable to land rather than the ocean where it wouldn't damage the surface land?

[@Dae351]

Bruh just imagine an alien ship attacking the isv moments later it gets vaporized

[@potatomo9609]

"Instant Domination of the surface" That's some helldivers managed democrazy shit lol

[@mr.ackermann807]

Im guessing the anti matter engines magnetic directing was also part sci fi for they wouldn't react the the directors unless the hydrogen was mixed to absorb some of the radiation and then were directed but there are also issues with that too. Still an interesting ship concept and explanation.

[@milo-gd3ml]

The fact that even with all that sci-fi tech, it still takes almost 7 years for a trip is really sad, makes you realise humans probably won't leave Earth/Moon in our lifetime.

[@dranzergigs8333]

Wow. I have seen multiple videos on the isv venture star but I never saw a video with this much detailed info. I wasn't aware that during the acceleration phase from earth the anti matter engines are also used with the photon sail. I also did not give much thought to the isv vindicator. Would like to get such a detailed video on the valkyries as well if u haven't already.

[@alexshank1414]

So what happens if a large enough piece of debris knocks the mirror shields out of alignment? Also, how are these ISV’s structurally able to withstand atmosphere if they were built for spacefaring, because in the movie the cable wasn’t miles long?

[@StablerGames]

Definitely make more of these

[@devoof]

Bro this guy has all the different isv's that i struggle to look up

[@thetiktokman]

The one design flaw that Cameron missed out is that since antimatter engines produce massive amounts of lethal gamma rays, so the engines would need to be heavily shielded from the rest of the ship.

[@animeonanimeon9754]

Did you know that the ISV is just a modified copy of the Valkyrie from Charles pellegrino and George zebrowski (read the Killing star if you like it, it also talks about relativistic cluster bombs and a dark forest like solution to the Fermi paradox)

[@NotBirds]

Honestly, if humans have this kind of tech the Navi dont stand a chance.

[@anticarrrot]

Given the engine exhaust velocity is going to be within an order of magnitude of deltaV... The exhaust plums are going to be a hell of a lot longer than 30km. They're also likely to be radioactive themselves. Keeping the engine far away doesn't really help if the exhaust gets significantly closer. The 'sling landing' is also a rather silly idea, as ~0.7C exhaust would induce nuclear fission and fusion in the atmosphere and bedrock. In that kind of situation, you wouldn't have a solid surface to land your payload on, as you'd turn all rocks to magma - and that would be the least of your problems.

[@vkobevk]

the ship already decelerated at good speed, they only use the plum like a weapon, so they dont need to burn equivalent to 0.7c to nuke the area is nearly impossible to fission oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, those atoms are too light, fission is more with heavy atom fusion those atoms require pressure and temperature you only find in blue giant core star going to dying, so you cant sustain nuclear fusion in open atmosphere

[@ABW941]

I thought they could control the output, not using 100% while landing that base thing.

[@anticarrrot]

@ABW941 Throttling a rocket engine isn't going to affect the exhaust velocity very much. Think of it as reducing the rate of fire of a machine gun. It doesn't change how dangerous individual rounds are.

[@ABW941]

@@anticarrrot If iam not missing something then this is not like a rocke engine, but more like a very simple jet engine, however the smallest unit of fuel (one antimatter atom of H) would still produce an energy output like a small nuke.

[@anticarrrot]

@@ABW941 That's my point. The energy output of this engine is going to be enormous. In space that's mostly okay. But in an atmosphere, all of that energy will come out of the engine (it is a rocket, but it doesn't really matter at these energy levels) and hit the atmosphere and ground. Exhaust velocity at this speed is effectly nuclear radiation. When that radiation interacts with the atmosphere, it will scatter all over the place, and superheat the air in exactly the same way the nuclear radiation coming out of a nuclear bomb does. It's not completely impossible to do something like this, but you'd want the cable to be at least a 100km long in order to keep the ISV and it's engines above most of the atmosphere. That way the fireballs (ceggs? Cylinders?) produced when the exhaust hitting the thick part of the atmosphere is far below the ship, and far above the capsule being dropped to the ground. If this kind of thing interests you, there's a website called Atomic Rockets that goes into all the detail you can possible want to know (and then some) about the real physics behind fission engines, fusion engines, and antimatter engines, as well as their uses, effects, and problems.

[@nicholasleclerc1583]

0:30 Okay, so, taking that Proxima Centauri & Earth are separated by 4.246 light-years (ly), having the trip take 6 years grants them an average speed of ~0.7c; And standardizing the trip as a stage of constant acceleration (& thus linear increase of speed) before another phase of constant DEceleration, at a *quarter* of the way there they would _have_ to have attained exactly that average speed, since they would both begin & end the journey at about 0 m/s & reach top speed at the halfway point; thus meaning that having attained ~212 000 km/s in only 1.5 years of steady thrust, this gives them ~4.48 g's of acceleration; not bad at all, and it seems doable

[@nicholasleclerc1583]

2:22 Ah, there you go; that's what I was talking about, except that the ship can, & _must_ actually accelerate to even faster then _that,_ as that figure of velocity is only the average for the whole trip

[@paulocarvalho7877]

Almost all spacecraft (both in fiction and in real life) are pusher designs. Metal alloys are much stronger for tension than for compression, so a puller/tractor design is more structurally efficient, meaning that much less mass is used up by structural components. The ISV is such a clever design. Hats off to the designers. However, I found it a bit far fetched the ISV hover maneuver. The F-35 and the Harrier, tiny in comparisson, can carve large holes on unpaved ground, let alone a mile-long rocket. The exhaust would certanly carve an enormous crater, destroying the surface for the cargo to land. Furthermore, an atmospheric (re)entry would be difficult for such large non-aerodynamic vehicle. I think they should have kept the shuttles of the first movie.

[@Китаймоимиглазами]

Great job !!!

[@feraldegenerate1743]

@Spacedock.... Ngl I like these animations a lot bro....

[@bp_cherryblossomtree723]

Im liking this becuase of content and informaitve

[@DaSweat69420]

Quick note on travel time: the ship needs to accelerate and deacelerate. The official book states the engines could accelerate the ship at 1,5g from that i calculated that 3303,5 days are spent accelerating and deaccelerating (if you presume it accelerates to 0.7c abd then deaccelerates again) which is about 9 years edit: i didnt watch the video completely, didnt see the acceleratipn part with the laser edit 2: the deacceleratiok wich just the 1,5g engines would still take 4,5 years, not the stated 5,5 months

[@tnynfox1669]

Yikes, they fire the exhaust somewhat towards the crew/cargo?

[@AndrewCZ47]

The exhaust plume won't scatter any radiation in vacuum. Unless you're directly behind the nozzle, you're safe. All that matters is distance from the engines themselves. Which is the reason why the engines are pulling and not pushing - a kilometer long structure that can withstand tension would be much lighter than a kilometer long structure that can withstand compression.

[@SolarWindsRider]

Very good informative video.

[@JinKee]

I'm glad they made the whales a thing because it explains why the sky-people didn't just nuke Pandora from orbit, since that's the only way to be sure.

[@aspopulvera9130]

is there a lore regarding on how they got the first unobtainium samples and how it was discovered?

[@AtomcFish]

They went there on a far bigger and slower starships

[@alamos8]

Great, but... Wouldn't the antimatter engines provide more acceleration than the photon sail? If this were the case... wouldn't the body of the ship "close in" to the photon sail (eventually colliding with it)? Or is that the cables that attach the sail to the ship act as if sail + ship was a rigid structure? I mean, as the sail is towing the ship, both are moving at the same speed at any moment, as long as the cables are tensed, so, if now you add antimatter engine power to the ship, wouldn' be accelerating faster than the sail?

[@vkobevk]

you mean irl or in the movie ? irl photon sail may provide more acceleration, because you dont need to carry fuel, the sail may be accelerated by a very powerful laser, for example the sun if you can gathering 1/1000000 sun energy output it is equivalent to 1000 tsar bomba every second

[@alamos8]

@@vkobevk I mean in the explanation in this video. At one travel phase, the ship uses the sail and the antimatter engine at the same time, and that made me think if that is possible without wasting useless engine power and without overtaking your own sail. Imagine, if the sail accelerates the ship at, let's say, 1G (it won't be constant, for sure over time it will decrease, but for simplicity we will assume constant 1G), and now you turn On your ship engines and apply Thrust... it may be something like turning On the engine and pressing the gas pedal on a car that is being towed by cable from another car... ¿?

[@vkobevk]

@@alamos8 well only james cameron know reason but like i say irl you dont need to turn on anti matter engine, you only need the laser on the sail to accelerate

[@ABW941]

​@@alamos8 I think you got that wrong. The ship uses the sail to accelerate for five months, and it uses the antimatter engine to slow down over the last five months, while the sail is retracted after acceleration. When returning to earth it uses the antimatter engine to accelerate, and the sail to slow down.

[@scubajotaro]

canonically the antimatter engines dont fire during the acceleration phase, only the sail is used. this video got that part wrong. if it used both one way and only one the other, the time spent under G load wouldnt be 5.5 months each way

[@KleoCross2107]

You deserve FAR more subs and general popularity than you have

[@bobspalding2477]

Great breakdown.

[@pillepolle3122]

I bet we could actually build such a ship if humanity would stop wasting money on wars and weapons and work together as one.

[@fitipapani9805]

true

[@hmr200subs]

But war innovates. Look at human history. Countless inventions were brought up from the neccessity of war. I argue the opposite. We will only reach this amount of technological advancement through a few wars. Obviously not big enough ones where they do more harm than good tho.

[@fredlandry6170]

Very interesting good job.

[@kunalthanki2004]

Background music name?

[@Imagine_Beyond]

One flaw with your video is that the ship flips. During the flip the ship is not shielded from interstellar dust and a single dust grain at 0.7c can destroy it. A more likely scenario is that the ship always faces forward and has the solar sail deploy behind it. In addition the antimatter rockets can fire both directions. They fire forwards slightly angled to decelerate and can while fire backwards to accelerate. This would make a more reasonable design without ever needing to flip the ship

[@artworkdt2077]

Exactly. And in addition, at the beginning of the trip, interstellar dust can also destroy the sail when it is facing forward, that sail is extremely fragile. I think a few points need to be adjusted to make this journey more logical.

[@Imagine_Beyond]

@artworkdt2077 Yes, the flight shown in the video has a few flaws, but there are solutions for them. Hopefully if we actually do travel to other stars, they pre plan it correctly. I don’t want to be hearing "oops" from the stellar engineer while the interstellar ship is blown to pieces because of dust hitting it at relativistic velocities

[@アイスクリーム-u8s]

Old ass comment but the entire reason that the engines are in that position is so they can "pull" the ship along for stability. If the engines fired in reverse and began to push the ship, the whole thing would probably buckle and collapse on itself. Also the odds of actually hitting anything are pretty low. But of course the longer you spend out there the higher the chance of hitting debris is. Even if it only took a single day to turn the ship 180 degrees, that's still a fairly short amount of time for the whole journey. It's not like they're constantly being bombarded with debris, it's just something that will occassionally happen. I feel like it's a low risk to keep the ship exposed for such a short time.

[@Imagine_Beyond]

@@アイスクリーム-u8s The issue was that the ship was not shielded during the whole deceleration part, not just the flip. So it would be travelling unshielded for a few years, not a day.

[@ulasinanyesilgoz3661]

There isn't any shield of the ISV as shown in Passengers film to protect it from space dust, meteors while travelling at very high speed. Therefore, it is a big lack of design of ISV.

[@loncesponce6653]

Awesome work!

[@devonalbatross]

Holy crap! This is some top-tier animation! What'd you use to animate it with?

[@grantponciano9386]

These ships remind me of the pod racers from phantom menace. With all your important passengers directly behind the engine thrusters... Lol

[@thestudentofficial5483]

Cameron simply cannot made incredible starship like this and expect the audience not to root for RDA

[@YeehawOutlaw]

Avatar is our generations original star wars.

[@dekuvisuals9847]

What happens to the shields when the ships land

[@eliharman]

The most unrealistic thing to me was burning the fusion drives down into atmo. I thought it was cool how they lowered the cargo pods below them. But really, fusion would be too low thrust for that application. It'll get you up to high speed over a long period of time but it's not going to lift or lower anything against the gravity of a planet or moon...

[@Nugget_prime]

Awesome

[@goodgremlinmedia2757]

I once made that ship in KSP. It broke in half ☹️

[@SpazzyMcGee1337]

How did humans get to Pandora without unobtainium / antimatter drives?

[@artworkdt2077]

There was at least one predecessor to the ISV Venture Star and other Capital Star-class ships, a ship that was four times as massive as the current design. It uses cold superconductors (because no unobtanium was available when building it), which require much bigger radiators.

[@SpazzyMcGee1337]

@@artworkdt2077 Sorry, but I thought the primary benefit of Unobtainium specifically for interstellar flight was not it's super conduction and was instead a miraculous property to passively contain antimatter. I'm probably mistaken and maybe that containment is actually active and simply utilizes Unobtainium like any other super conductor.

[@artworkdt2077]

@@SpazzyMcGee1337 Room-temperature superconductors are used to generate strong electric currents, which in turn can create powerful magnetic fields to confine antimatter. Unobtainium is just a natural material, with higher performance than the room-temperature superconductors that humans had created at that time.

[@devoof]

Wait when if the cryosleep malfunctions i dont get what they do. They kill the passenger before it kills them agian?????

[@bobspalding2477]

They euthanize the passengers so they don’t wake up and starve to death. They can’t keep 300+ people alive for 4-5 years

[@ruin1619]

In case of malfunction, they are killed, because they can’t be on life support, everyone is asleep and the function is obviously separate for each person.

[@Asha_man_Shane]

Avatar 2009, the flight officer said: 5y, 9m 22d. Why the difference to 6y, 9m, Xd?

[@Feefa99]

Time dilation

[@jasonbarkman]

So the mirror loses most of it's functionality during deceleration?

[@LaBrujuladeIan]

solo los aficionados a kerbal sabrán lo que digo: jool be like kerbals yendo a laythe con el mod de nuevas piezas sola mente para dejarlos ahí para siempre porque no hay plan de regreso jajsajaja xdxd

[@BlackHawkFR]

Cool and interesting video. Too bad for the annoying music though.

[@bloodygekkon]

Fuken engineering masterpiece

[@garyobrian3597]

This is a great machine but what are the stress tolerance if your traveling just below light speed and this machine turn's around mid transit wouldn't the middle section be open to stress and break the shop in two just my too sent

[@resonanceofambition]

This actually feels doable. Let's do it. Come on.