Gothic: The "Aunt" Language of English and Norse

[@parchment543]

Please never feel like you can’t do another video on gothic. This language is so awesome yet there are very few sources even talking about it!

[@paulaunger3061]

I'd like to second that request.

[@Muninn_og_Dauði]

Very true! Not enough recourses on the subject! I hope that this language can be revived some day ^_^ for cultural reasons. If you are interested there is a group that studies and learns how to speak, read, and write Gothic on Discord!

[@magnekalinsen1185]

@@Muninn_og_Dauði How to find them? :)

[@turntablestudios]

@@Muninn_og_Dauði I would be interested in that group as well

[@Tsar1321]

@@Muninn_og_Dauði what’s that group

[@desanipt]

Portuguese and Spanish actually have a Gothic superstratum because of the Visigothic invasion of Iberia.

[@CarvedStones]

It wasn’t really a traditional invasion since the western Roman Empire asked them to restore several of the Roman provinces that’s fallen into other Germanic tribes hands, they helped snuff out the Huns in Gaul and then made their way into hispania where there was a buttload of tribes that settled there like free real estate: The Suebi, Alans, and the vandals. They managed to push out the Alan’s and vandals while conquering the Suebi.

[@Sungawakan]

Superstrat

[@EdgarKohl]

It took awhile to get results thanks to DNA analysis, I'm always had been intriged of makes up the People of Europe Specially the Iberan Peninsula.

[@CarvedStones]

@@EdgarKohl The goths make up 15 percent of the Iberian genome paternally. That’s quite a lot considering they were a minority in Hispania.

[@EdgarKohl]

@@CarvedStones thanks, this helps better explain society in whole aspect.

[@holdyerblobsaloft]

Finnish has a long list of pre-Old Norse Germanic loan words. Äiti, ja, kuningas, ruhtinas, haukka, laukka, etc. Also, other Indo-European loans like 'taivas' (heaven, sky) which is cognate with Týr and Zeus. It would be extremely interesting to know how these words entered Finnish. I'd love to see a discussion with a Finnish expert about the Old Norse and older Germanic influences on Finnish language, and correlations in Germanic and Finnish myth and folklore. And a discussion about the similarities in Scandinavian, Finnish and Slavic myth and folklore would be very interesting.

[@karlhans8304]

those changes were directly to finnic languages around the culf of finland overall, meaning that other languages besides finnish have these early germanic influences.

[@closetmonster5057]

There are something like +500 words in Finnic languages that are borrowed either from Pre-Germanic, Proto-Germanic or Proto-Norse. Lots of basic vocabulary has been borrowed, words like 'mother', 'ship', 'shirt', 'bread', 'spear', 'sword' etc... Sometimes the meanings have changed during or after borrowing e.g.: Proto-Germanic *murginaz (morning) -> Proto-Finnic *murkina (breakfast) > Finnish murkina (food) Proto-Germanic *hawiþą (mockery) -> Proto-Finnic *häpedä (shame) > Finnish häpeä (shame) Proto-Germanic *þwahtuz (laundry) -> Proto-Finnic *vakto (foam) > Finnish vaahto (foam) Proto-Norse *dauþi (death) -> Proto-Finnic *tauti (disease) > Finnish tauti (disease)

[@aryyancarman705]

I was thiking taivas is from proto indo iranian🤔

[@holdyerblobsaloft]

@@aryyancarman705 I don't know for certain, but according to wiktionary, it's "borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwas, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós."

[@jansundvall2082]

I think the world for thousand in Finnish is from proto-germanic

[@FredThaSlayer]

We need more gothic language content!

[@thetrueoneandonlyladyprinc8038]

I am trying to learn Gothic and Old Norse, they are so gorgeous, and it’s interesting how similar the Gothic alphabet is to the Latin alphabet + a few Runes, I can read and understand most of those letters and Runes - ppl should start teaching more Gothic and Old Norse on yt, it’s not easy to find resources teaching these ancient languages, and unfortunately they aren’t even on Google translate, even though they should be!

[@mrgodliak]

It's cool to think that Wulfila was doing the gothic bible around the time Jerome did the Vulgate.

[@krikeles]

yes, I was thinking the same. In fact maybe a bit earlier.

[@casthedemon]

@@democracytherepublic5451 I mean that's kinda how the whole Bible itself was created lmao.

[@DISTurbedwaffle918]

@@democracytherepublic5451 If I had a nickel for every time a Germanic heretic illicitly translated the Bible to further his own political standing I'd have two nickels.

[@DISTurbedwaffle918]

@@democracytherepublic5451 Martin Luther, arch-heretic and traitor to the Kingdom of Heaven, whose soul is weighed down with the murder of untold innocents and whose name is Antichrist.

[@cahallo5964]

Imma be honest Luther King being the literal antichrist is a bit of a stretch

[@MatejRRL]

Recently I tried to get into gothic a bit and try to understand at least some basics and the pronunciation (I'm trying to learn "Bagme Bloma" - a poem made by J.R.R. Tolkien in Gothic) which I find it pretty difficult but I already love the language. I'm so glad to see you making a video about it. (=

[@clongshanks5206]

Hey man. How’d the learning go?

[@melissahdawn]

Admittedly, I watched my first video merely out of a desire to learn more about anything Icelandic. I subscribed because I was addicted to the sound of your voice (in particular words like when, where, which, etc....ok, ok, maybe I fall to sleep to the sound of Old Norse/Icelandic), but I always end up a much wiser person for having listened. This video is particularly fascinating.

[@BecciBuck]

Same! I fall asleep listening often, not because it’s boring, just soothing. 😂 Or I have to rewind because I’ve kind of zoned out just listening and not really comprehending. His voice is hypnotic!

[@aniketanpelletier82]

Its also worth mentioning the major grammatical differences between the other early Germanic languages and Gothic. Most prominently, Gothic preserved the Proto-Germanic mediopassive voice, (albeit only in the present indicative and subjunctive). It also preserved Dual endings for the 1st and 2nd person of verbs. I'm not sure, but I think it was the only germanic language to preserve the Vocative case. Old Norse did have a mediopassive voice, but this was a secondary development unrelated to the Proto-Germanic passive voice.

[@thetrueoneandonlyladyprinc8038]

Many languages have the mediopassive voice too, including Old Norse (sésk) and Icelandic (sést) and Swedish and Norwegian (vi ses) and also Spanish (no se ve, se acaba) and Portuguese (não se vê) etc - I am trying to learn Gothic and Old Norse and Icelandic and the other Germanic languages, they are all so pretty, and I am advanced level in Dutch and intermediate level Norwegian / German / Swedish and Portuguese and native speaker level in Spanish!

[@DerekCFPegritz]

As a lifelong Goth (the modern kind), I've been advocating for the subculture to adopt Gothic as a lingua franca for years now. Especially since basically every Goth I know loves Norse and Germanic history.

[@NihilIslands]

Wulfila Bible, see Getica by Vasile Pârvan

[@paulaunger3061]

Great video. Gothic was the lanaguage JRR Tolkien fell in love with before leaving his Classics degree to study Old English etc. - it would so cool to know more about it. Also, I love the general production of all your videos now. Great new title sequence (love the bit with the gun, it sort of sets the seal on the 'Viking Cowboy' style you have) and how you now avoid title cards all over your face at the end! And all the beautiful scenery. It's all just perfect now :D

[@nocturne000]

Oh whoa, I didn't know that for whatever reason. Ironically looking at Sindarin and how it "evolved" into the more modern version from an older fantasy language is kind of what made me interested in etymology and older languages in general. Thanks for sharing!

[@alder6667]

Gothic is a fascinating language, and it would be amazing if you covered more of it!

[@Son-of-Tyr]

This is great content. I've always been interested in Gothic culture and language in addition to Norse and over all Germanic culture.

[@wadestoss3325]

Wow I never knew the Gothic script got messed up by Greek conventions. Thanks!

[@AxelÞór]

You need to do one on Norn (Shetlands) some day. Thank you for all you do.

[@EudaemonicGirl]

I work at the Carolina Rediviva library in Uppsala which holds parts of the Codex Argenteus. It's always talked about as one of the most precious items in the country.

[@paulaunger3061]

Oh wow. Wouldn't it be great if you and Jackson could do a collab in the library looking at that book? :D

[@EudaemonicGirl]

@@paulaunger3061 I'm just a student worker at the library section, you'd have to speak with the museum curators about that!

[@Rostislav1977]

@@paulaunger3061 Great Idea! I see the scene how it happening!

[@berig_gutisk]

The language of my ancestors. I'm learning it and I'm so proud of it. Huar ik im, midzani ik im, dzar ist ains Gutiskland

[@philblagden]

I appreciate these talks about the development of language. I also admire that fantastic hat. I think I need one.

[@SinilkMudilaSama]

And gothic warriors invaded to north of Italy, south of France, Spain and Portugal its time to recuperate the mosaics, pictures books and grammars in gothic about any theme to we all see the concrete dimension of these people and idiom. Hugs and sucess on this investigation friend. We all learn so much in your channel.

[@shewearswoolsocks2883]

That family tree and "Sunburst Family Tree" of languages is very interesting! Thanks for all your work!

[@AbdonPhirathon]

So Wulfila in Spanish is Lupito, and Attila is Papito. Cool stuff!

[@sidoso9810]

lobito* not lupito

[@AbdonPhirathon]

@@sidoso9810 Lupe comes from Lupum which is Latin for Lobo, and since we are talking about people, and not animals then the form Lupe stands in this case. He even mentioned in the video the name Lupe and Attila, so there should be no confusion as to what he was referring to. He wasn’t talking about wolves perse which would have necesitated the use of Lobo and Lobito.

[@sidoso9810]

@@AbdonPhirathon i just corrected you how you say little wolf in spanish cause lupito doesn't exist and if in middle ages somebody had that name he wouldn't have the -ito at the end, if you wanna be 100% historically accurate it would be something like Lupillo (latin lupus + -illo which was used in old castillian)

[@AbdonPhirathon]

@@sidoso9810 Sure, whatever rocks your boat.

[@embeleco2342]

@ asid oso I live in the north of Spain. Lupe is a popular name given to dogs nowadays, the diminutive being Lupín (in my region at least). The patronym López is very common, dad's name being Lope (or Lupe). The name is usually rendered as Lubb in translations of writings in arabic from al-Andalus. Also, imho "100% accurate" ≠ "something like".

[@kraeron]

So, translated to spanish from gothic, Attila litterally meant "Papito"? Lol, the things you learn... =)

[@varangjar1544]

Papasito ;-)

[@peterlarson233]

Sí, Papacito el Hun

[@varangjar1544]

@@peterlarson233 Papacito* you're right))

[@varangjar1544]

@Ir liz Exactamente! Aprendi español en Mexico, pero todavia no puedo deletrear :-/

[@pattheplanter]

There is a rare word in English - fatherling.

[@harry_page]

This language is breathtaking. Literally. All of those instances of /h/, escpecially in coda position, force you to exhale a lot!

[@lzkovacs]

Thank you, impressing as usual! Please post more lecture Doctor, listening your classes I feel I am doing something useful at least.

[@noahriding5780]

In the text you read in gothic... very cool. Romanizing it helped a lot. Wouldn't even be able to look at it without that. Thanks. Gothic is very interesting. There looks to be similarities to saxon/anglo saxon words in that text but I'm not an expert. (Ic, kann, goda, gods, saei, meina, skal ... many recognizeable words. Its using Ic instead of Jag/Jeg, etc. But Kann is to know, etc.) @13:32 the word Azneis does have an anglo saxon similar equivalent though even if norse doesn't have one (that we know of). And the saxon version only slightly varied. I also can't help but notice how the 'LAGYITH' looks very much like old/middle english 'layeth' (down). Lots of saxon word matches there and with similar conjugation with the 'eth' on the end! That's astoundingly similar. And on the writing you displayed on the right side many words had ITH endings! That is very much a match for saxon words with -ETH endings like in very old biblical english (sayeth, heareth, layeth down, snoreth). skal briggan... others This is so awesome. TO have the conjugation have that in it says a lot about it matching. It has so many commonalities! And Hausjand looks a bit similar to dutch'/germans' Horen/hyren.

[@benavraham4397]

Wulfila "-ila" is all over in southern German dialects. It's in Latin also. It's very big in Yiddish and you can find dozens of Hasidic Velvela's (wolf-ila) in Brooklyn and Jerusalem.

[@phillipholland6795]

The invading roaches in Jeruslaem don't count tho

[@benavraham4397]

@@phillipholland6795 The amusing thing is that Hasidim cherish a speech that could not further from their values, and that Germanic warriors have stowaways with them that they could not imagine.

[@wolfgangjannsen]

Wolfile (-le ending for -lein in high german)is a neat nickname in swebian dialect.

[@elram2649]

@0:52 Lolz 🤣 Perfect timing with the critter and the twangy sound from it scooting away. 😎👍

[@catotheyounger55]

Truly fascinating stuff, Dr Crawford. The mingling of history and linguistics is always so interesting.

[@ilovewiki]

Please do more Gothic videos, it's a fascinating detour through historical Germanic linguistics. It's difficult to find information on this language, thank you for taking the time to teach us about it. Cheers!

[@richardgreer459]

I was just reading Dr. Tom Shippey’s analysis of LoTR; The Road to Middle Earth. In his opening chapter he talks about how important gothic is from a philological POV. Excellent timing Dr. Crawford. Keep em coming

[@Tina06019]

My scattered brain is always happy to hear about different topics. I am rather like a magpie, gathering up shiny little pieces of information.

[@pablomunoz3119]

Same

[@pierreabbat6157]

"ear" is a substring of "hear", and "ους" is a substring of "ακουσαι" (ignoring the final form of the sigma). Not only is this no coincidence, but also this is no coincidence. The word "hear" and its Greek cognate both come from a PIE word meaning "has sharp ears", where "ακ-" is cognate with Latin "acus".

[@EdgarKohl]

Nice to see a Gothic revival in the name of Archaeology and science.

[@thkarape]

Gothic sounds very interesting. I need to find gothic resources asap.

[@gabrielbalbec883]

I actually found your pronunciation of the Gothic language impressive. How solemn ! I'm sure you had it right !

[@AutoReport1]

This is my assessment as well. Traditional history of the eastern Germanic peoples explain a similarity to western Norse, which is obscured by classical old Norse but preserved in western inscriptions.

[@gudea5207]

The camera adjustment with the reading of the gothic bible verse was very impressive

[@MarkRose1337]

Thank you for this video. I had wondered how Gothic related to ON and the other Germanic languages.

[@Siggorillo]

Hell yes. More gothic. Great video.

[@Atlas-pn6jv]

Gothic and Georgian are beautiful scripts.

[@Kevinism]

Wish I had watched this sooner, so glad someone is making Gothic academic content

[@kristianfredriksson2353]

In the Lister peninsula outside Sölvesborg in Blekinge Sweden (Denmark) they still use the gothic diftongs. Ein, twau, trei, fire, feim, seis, su, autta, nie tie. Also many old words like windue (window or wind eye) when we in Swedish use the germanic word fenster. Fönster as we say. Sau maånge diftaunge blei da. (so many diftongs it will be).

[@kristianfredriksson2353]

Diphthong it will be in English. Sorry.

[@gorillaguerillaDK]

Very similar to dialect spoken on the west coast of Denmark Jen, tow, trei, fir, feim, seis, su, autt, nie, tie, oelle, tolw

[@HansenFT]

It's called vindue in norway to this day

[@HansenFT]

And "sau (...) blei da" would be perfectly correct in at least one modern dialect I know of in western norway. Though it wouldn't be correct norwegian spelling.

[@kristianfredriksson2353]

@@HansenFT, the same at Lister. Vindue and blau and so on. A lot of fisher villages there.

[@Artehenis]

I loved the sponsor was Grimfrost. My favorite band's lead singer, Johan Hegg, is a huge part of Grimfrost.

[@johngavin1175]

I'm a fan of older Amon Amarth, and didnt know Hegg was a part of Grimfrost. I may not like modern AA too much,but I'm glad they are still around. I wish two of my favorite bands, Enslaved and Borknagar,were a part of it.

[@thomaszaccone3960]

I wonder if any studies were done on Indo European Languages to "discover" non-Indo-European words incorporated into their vocabularies from earlier existing languages. Or if such an analysis is even possibile.

[@weepingscorpion8739]

I know that such discoveries have been made on the various daughter languages of PIE but not sure if it's been done systematically across the entire family. And I could imagine it being pretty difficult to determine if a PIE root is PIE or a borrowing from another language family. But something you are probably interesting in are the Greek substrate hypothesis and also the largely debunked Germanic substrate hypothesis.

[@dirksharp9876]

It's a bit speculative but there are striking similarities between the Greek and Germanic pre-IE substrate. Many of these words have to do with things like boats, navigation and place names which makes perfect sense. But the similarities could indicate how similar these pre-IE Early Farmer/WHG populations really were. We know they were in the same genetic cluster after a certain point early on.

[@johngavin1175]

@@weepingscorpion8739 I didnt know the Germanic substrate hypothesis was debunked? I know some of the supposed non IE words ended up having IE cognates...

[@weepingscorpion8739]

@@johngavin1175 Not debunked per se (hence why I used largely) but many of the roots represented in the original hypothesis have later been shown to be IE roots. Also, some took that hypothesis way too far and began speculating that Germanic was some sort of creole or hybrid language. Well, not the case it turns out. :)

[@thomaszaccone3960]

@@dirksharp9876 A lot of place names in the US are derived from local Indian tribal words, and many English places names are derived from Celtic words.

[@michaeldeloatch7461]

Thanks Jackson! I have been fascinated with Wulfila for several years. Many times when my wife has told me to read some scripture, I have openened the interlinear gothic bible website. As a native English speaker who took a couple semesters of German 40 years ago soon the many cognates started gelling in my mind. Thanks to your tutelage here, though I have been reading the diphthongs like modern German for want of any other suggestion, now I know better, haha. I just subscribed and I hope you will do more on Gothic language, that has nothing to do with ornate cathedrals nor hipsters running around in black outfits, but rather is an amazing window into our linguistic past, IMHO.

[@williammkydde]

Through the entire video, in the back of my head, I wondered what that landscape was. And I thought of Colorado!

[@johncracker5217]

This dude makes great content

[@Yoshimidsu]

Currently working in a revival group (mainly on Discord) to revive this as a Modern language 😊 There's a workbook, translation lessons to make a community translation of the Wulfilan Bible, and a dictionary and scrabble-like game in progress.

[@mrgodliak]

Sounds exciting!

[@JourneysWithDrCarl]

I am making the same short travel video about Tbilisi in many languages and I would love to include Gothic. Could you translate the text for me? It's about 900 words. How much would you want for it?

[@Yoshimidsu]

@@JourneysWithDrCarl Absolutely, you can message me via my email on my About tab, and we can work rates etc. from there. I'd be more than happy to contribute to your channel!

[@JourneysWithDrCarl]

@@Yoshimidsu Sounds great. I sent you an email. My name is Carl Augustsson

[@JourneysWithDrCarl]

@@Yoshimidsu I wrote you an email, but I have not heard back. Will you be able to do the translation.

[@dzvedairemtsarmykt4085]

The name Wulfila is cognate to the Yiddish Velvl (little wolf).

[@thurianwanderer]

Very similar to Bavarian "Welfl" (the unrounded umlauts ö & ü as found in modern Upper German dialects are also a characteristic feature of Yiddish), although, in Middle Bavarian "Wéifl" (l vocalization). In my Swabian "Welfle" or even "Welfele" (little Wolf < Wölfle). The OHG name fem. Wolfila (uuolfila), masc. *Wolfilo the equivalent of Gothic Wulfila. Of course, I don't wanna claim any major relationship between the Upper German (Erminonic & Suebian) and East Germanic branches, they were neighbours within a continental sprachbund at various points in time, therefore, the frequent use of the l-diminutive in Gothic remains at least well reflected in the High German / Upper German dialects in comparison to the Low German, English and Norse sister tongues.

[@JesseSierke]

The “aunt” analogy is very helpful. Looking at etymologies in current English dictionaries, it is easy to conclude that Gothic is a direct ancestor of Old Norse and Old English just because of its placement deeper into the line of linguistic history (and lacking a qualifier such as “compare” or “cf”). Thanks again for clarifying this for the linguistic laity.

[@timmeyer4595]

Gothic, Old Norse, Old English are closed related, but Gothic is not an ancestor of them)

[@IgorS.]

Do you know about the principality of Theodoro? It was a medieval state of a Crimean branch of the Goths. So are there any texts remained with their language? If yes, it would be great if you compare it with the version of Gothic from this video or with other Germanic languages of that time!

[@saosaosson6139]

The goths lived on in southern Sweden until the high medieval ages

[@kfsone]

hausjand -> heyra: that leapt at me because of a difference between US vs UK English pronunciation; British still has traces of an older pronunciation of "hear" that is closer to "heyra", when the word is being said formally. In common speech, most Brits now pronounce it similarly to Americans but in the emphasized form the 'ea' becomes ɪə and (as a Brit expat) when I hear an American say the word I can hear the vestigial 'j', the dutch-like 'ij' in my inner monologue: "h' ij ar" (or "h' ij uh" if the speaker hasn't had the bath/path split).

[@knolswimmer]

I love your videos so much and need an Old Norse tutor

[@knolswimmer]

Could I seek a mentorship with Old Norse? Do you teach courses online?

[@TrichordoKostas]

This is great stuff! I'm currently in the process of writing a story about Goths in the Roman empire, and my curiosity was piqued when you mentioned -ila being "apparently common in Gothic names". Do you know of some kind of available database of Gothic names? I haven't been able to find anything like that yet. In any case, this is a great channel, keep up the good work!

[@derrengui]

Gothic names are still used in Spanish although their popularity has severely decreased in the last few decades, most of these names are associated with old people but not all Here is a quick list (keep in mind they are romanised) Alfonso, Ricardo, Segisberto, Antanarico, Roberto, Gonzalo, Federico, Rigoberto, Recesvinto, Alvaro, Fernando, Fritigerno, Rogelio... No -ila in any of the Spanish names of Gothic origin I can think of, but of course that does not mean it was not the case in their language before the names were romanised

[@TrichordoKostas]

@@derrengui thankyou so much! I really appreciate it :)

[@CarvedStones]

@@derrengui Gothic names are more popular being used as surnames so it ain’t a loss.

[@CarvedStones]

@@derrengui While gothic names in Spanish/Portuguese first names have decreased, they’re more popular in last names since last names were used as first names way back when. There were some gothic kings that had the -ila like: Agila, Chintila, Suintila, and Achila.

[@joaomartins9800]

@@CarvedStones yes, although most of those names are considered archaic nowadays.

[@robthetraveler1099]

13:49 Old Norse "ok" is cognate with German "auch" and Dutch "ook," both meaning "also."

[@Sorcering]

I'm pretty sure Gothic *preserves* those sounds in þliuhiþ and qramms, as opposed to assimilating them to more common cluster types (cf. also sneeze)

[@brynjolf3974]

Awesome video thank you very much for the education

[@sal6695]

The last name of the current Serbian president also translates as "little wolf" (Vučić)

[@anieth]

I love your channel because I miss Colorado so much!

[@shantanutilak9195]

This is amazing! Anymore content on Gothic is wholly welcome! I do believe Gothic "e" and "o" were pronounced as a modern English short "i" and "u".

[@dirksharp9876]

The Goths and their history are fascinating. Not the kids who wear all black in high school of course. But the revival of their language through international effort online is something of the likes not seen yet. There are no fluent Gothic speakers at present and there haven't been any for centuries, and that could change in our lifetime.

[@KungKras]

How can they revive the language if there aren't any people that self-identify as goth left?

[@dirksharp9876]

@@KungKras That's exactly what makes the revival of Gothic unique, it's all taking place online. There is strong interest from Scandinavia, Germany the UK, the Americas but also regions where the historical Goths settled like Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, Eastern Europe, etc. It's totally unique among events like this.

[@KungKras]

@@dirksharp9876 I see. That's really intersting actually!

[@everettduncan7543]

@@dirksharp9876 Someone may need to pique some interest in areas of the atlas mountains where there are no more Berber speakers (such as NW Algeria and north Tunisia

[@CarvedStones]

@@dirksharp9876 Most Portuguese and Spanish last names (and first) are of gothic origin too. Still being used to this day.

[@Leptospirosi]

I always wonder what a Lombard from the VI century would have sounded like, being a Suebian language bu having past most of its early development in contact with Vandal, Gothic and Gepid.

[@Object7533]

Is there a reason you only mention Old Norse and Old English as it's relatives? As a German speaker I wonder where I can draw from for information about our languages past, as runic inscriptions seem to be quite rare here and as far as i understood, Old High German (which seems to be the first language stage with proper written records) is already pretty far removed from any "Germanic" because of a second sound mutation?

[@NihilIslands]

Go read Getica by Vasile Pârvan

[@Object7533]

@@NihilIslands Thanks for the tip, but I can hardly find any information about that work ... is it even available in a language other than romanian?

[@juanjose6719.]

Gothic has contributed few words to Spanish and Portuguese. But this language contributed a lot of names, from which typically Iberian surnames have emerged, together with the suffix ez/es (means "son of"): Rodríguez, González, Fernández/Hernández, Ramírez, Gómez, Gutiérrez...etc .

[@CarvedStones]

The goths selectively decided to bring a few loanwords to gothic, as they never felt the need to impose gothic on the population given that they already spoke Latin anyways. The names are a different beast all together though, mostly because the goths were only eligible for nobility or at least higher up than their Hispano-Roman subjects, it became the norm when they started mixing in with the Hispano-Romans and became a trend setter for the Christian successor states.

[@baneofbanes]

From what I’ve read that makes sense as the Gothic nobility kind of separated themselves from the Roman subjects, even codifying two separate law books for Goths and Romans. What is more surprising is that Arabic actually has very few loan words in Spanish and Portuguese for how long much of Iberia was under Muslim control.

[@CarvedStones]

@@baneofbanes At first they did, it all changed when leovigild created some law codes that United Hispano-Romans and goths all under the same laws, even allowing intermarriage, it would be further enhanced when recceswinth reinforced it. Arabic only makes up 8% of the Spanish language only through vocabulary, so things naturally starting with al- the moors didn’t easily assimilate into the Iberian peninsula like the goths did because they were romanized and kept up Roman traditions, throughout the reconquista the moors were seen as invaders while the goths were seen as the vaunted portents. The goths did however make several changes in part to the syntax and structure of Vulgar Latin spoken at the time, which is what you can see in modern day Spanish and Portuguese.

[@ladybirdlee3058]

Definitely would like to know more information about Gothic.

[@warped_rider]

Where does one get a Gothic font?

[@F_A_F123]

That's an alphabet, not a font

[@warped_rider]

@@F_A_F123 Yes, and you use fonts to write alphabets on computers, which was what I was looking for. I ended up making one myself.

[@Vagabund92]

I like the Norse-like romanization of gothic a lot. It's much more compact and more intuitive to pronounce.

[@timothydoughty8246]

Needed and appreciated, thanks!

[@saintaugustine4104]

Would you go so far as to say gothic is a form of proto-Norse? Indeed there are very many interesting parallels between old Gutnish and Gothic.

[@everettduncan7543]

The problem with that arises with the truth that Gothic had no umlaut but Old Gutnish did; _fyrsti_ was Old Gutnish for _first,_ and _frumists_ is Gothic for the same, without the umlauting of the /u/ phoneme

[@jeanvaljean7266]

Gothic was a East Germanic language.

[@helmaschine1885]

As a complete layman, my first impression was that it sounds like freaking finnish xD Throw in som -leinen's and it'll sound even closer. Only the Thorn sound is obviously different.

[@ritterbruder212]

Could you do a video on the PIE laryngeal theory, what sound changes that couldn’t be explained without it, and what each of the H1, H2, and H3 laryngeals represent? I am having trouble understanding it. Thanks!

[@scoffedeee7381]

Can you do some more videos on gothic

[@atlanticdragon4773]

Thank you so much. I have a personal connection with the goths via Asturias and always want to learn more about them.

[@bilbohob7179]

Asturias well, i think is most Suebi than Visigothic...

[@CarvedStones]

@@bilbohob7179 Suebi settled mostly in galacia, Asturias is where the visigothic descendants settled after the Muslim invasion.

[@bilbohob7179]

@@CarvedStones But... Asturias was part of Old Gallaecia Roman province and the Suebi Kingdom...

[@bilbohob7179]

@@CarvedStones Gallaecia Roman Province was divided in three parts and their capitals were Lucus Augusti, Asturica and Braccara Avgvsta... Suebi had this province with a pact with Rome. Visigoths won against Suebi and put a governador but don't change anything because they had not time. In short time Muslims invaded almost the entire peninsula.

[@CarvedStones]

@@bilbohob7179 You have to remember that after the fall of the Roman Empire, the goths along with several other Germanic tribes also settled in the peninsula and were also chipping away land at the Suebi to eventually reverting them to just the northwest. Eventually the goths would conquer them. They would later establish a duchy there. After the Muslim invasion, a small visigothic elite retreated there with the asturian celts. This can be seen on how most of the asturian kings had gothic names.

[@ratboy_]

Very technical and very interesting

[@dom3449]

I feel like I'm watching a red dead cutscene in 1080p

[@Tuberculosis_Man]

Yes

[@sirwilliam4128]

Around time index @12:15 you’re talking about the Gothic word “hausjand.” And, you indicate that it means “-to hear.” What I am 👂🏼 hearing you say is “[haʊsijənd].” (Please forgive my amateur IPA usage.) These sounds provoke/evoke phonetic pattern recognition in my mind of the name Halcyon [hɔ:l̩sijɒn] or [hɔ:l̩sijn]. Any chance this Gothic word and name are related? @Jackson Crawford I wonder 💭 if Halcyon means “Listener” or “Hearer” if they are indeed related.

[@bvgdez]

If I remember correctly "halcyon" comes from the Greek word for "swallow" (the bird). I didn't know there was a name "Halcyon"

[@sirwilliam4128]

@@bvgdez I googled it after the fact. Apparently, it means “King Fisher.” They don’t look like swallows to me... Google is weird lately. I could have sworn I Googled it before and didn’t find anything. 🤷🏻‍♂️

[@bvgdez]

@@sirwilliam4128 Obviously, I didn't remember correctly then. Thanks for correcting me!

[@sirwilliam4128]

@@bvgdez apologies for “correcting.” I’m starting to hate the internet. It’s like I’m cursed to forever seem or be like a troll. ☹️👿

[@bvgdez]

@@sirwilliam4128 I didn't mean it negatively at all. I'm (usually) glad to be corrected on points of fact.

[@ΘαλήςΜήδης]

𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍅𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰. ( The Gothic language is like the Latin is for Italian).

[@memsom]

Not really. Gothic is more like like Bulgarian is to Polish. Gothic was already from an eastern branch of Germanic before the other Germanic branches diverged. Italian and Latin have a more direct lineage. Latin is Italian's mother, Biblical Gothic is more like an aunt or older sister to the other Germanic dialects. It's much more like the relationship Slavic languages have today, though many of them are a lot closer than modern Germanic languages.

[@sammcgill5324]

Currently switching between this and Archer

[@indonesianbassbooster5167]

The moment I saw "swaswe" in the Gothic text, I know damn well this language is related to Germanic and Nordic languages

[@seenonyt2210]

Very interesting! Thanks for sharing your knowledge! Concerning 'lay' (10:10), and if it's not too far off, is the [a] in 2SG, 3SG and the Past Participle in High Alemannic secondary or a direct continuation of Proto-Germanic? [lajS, lajt, glajt]

[@sidoso9810]

4:19 little wolf is lobito

[@carlinberg]

Super interesting!

[@lisarichardson6253]

Thank you🙂🙏

[@jimbaozi]

My conlang-in-progress uses the gothic alphabet! :)

[@davidcufc]

If Gothic is a 'Great Aunt' of both Old English and Old Norse, is the classification of Germanic languages into East, West and North Germanic something of an oversimplification? Personally I suspect that although these terms are a handy shorthand, the reality is that there are multiple crossovers between all three branches, which render this categorisation as essentially meaningless. I'm asking this as an interested amateur. Perhaps a subject for a future video?

[@memsom]

No. The original premise in the video is flawed. It is based on the assertion/implication that Gothic is and always was older than the other Germanic dialects, but what is actually true is that the *recorded* Gothic is at the earliest stage of any written Germanic language/dialect. So, all of the dialects originated from a central language, and they diverged over time. Gothic just happens to have been recorded earlier than the others have been. Because the Gothic recorded in the Bible is just an a much earlier stage of development, it's like taking ancient Greek and comparing it to early modern Greek. There are so many similarities, but also so many changes. By the time Norse and English were both written, they had changed to the point that many of the observations made about lexical change (Verners law for example) can't be correctly deduced from comparison. There is little to no later Gothic recorded, and so what you have is an early snapshot of Gothic that retains a lot of stuff later gone in the other Germanic dialects. We can't say for sure what really happened to Gothic. There was a bunch of Germanic people in the Crimea that were said to speak a version of Gothic - but the scant records show it had changed quite a bit, and it died out in the 19th Centaury. There is also Guntish, which was said to be a dialect of Gothic also. But that also has changed so much it is hard to see.

[@davidcufc]

@@memsom Thanks for your detailed reply.

[@wtfgeis]

Thank you so much for this video! Such an interesting language, I really appreciate that you took the time to make a video about it. Quick question: are you still teaching at CU Boulder? Been out of the loop for awhile, but recently moved to Longmont, so taking a class or two is actually becoming feasible for me...

[@wtfgeis]

Oops, never mind, I saw the dates you listed in the video.

[@baecere2]

I know I am two years late but how could I learn this language also can you do more vidoes on Gothic language!

[@HansenFT]

Honestly, as a norwegian this is about as intelligble as old norse, perhaps somewhat less. I can def understand a few words and phrases. I only speak modern norwegian and a little english.

[@jovanweismiller7114]

You know, I had never noticed your pronunciation of 'wh' until you mentioned it recently. Now, I hear it every time.

[@39MercFlathead]

Maybe think of Wulfila as Wolfy in English. I have been interested in Gothic for 40 years, but have never made enough effort to really study it. I became interested due to my interest in the great migration period and also Iberian history. It amazes me that there are almost no words of Gothic or Suebish, or Alan for that matter, origin in Spanish and Portuguese. I think Germanic words remain in French and Italian, at least in some dialects, but I don't know those languages well. I don't comprehend how a group of people could remain unified enough to invade and colonize the Roman empire and yet give up their languages so totally. Yet a large portion of the Spanish and Portuguese lexicon are of Arabic origin. I was amazed to discover that Ojala (there should be an accent on final 'a') meaning 'hopefully' or 'God willing' is originally 'Inshallah' in Arabic. So why no Gothic words in Spanish and Portuguese?

[@JosePineda-cy6om]

there are indeed visigoth words in spanish, but mostly names (ricardo, rodrigo, alfonso) or surnames (guzman). A few others are related to war, like war itself: "guerra" is Germanic , displaced Latin "bellus" though we still have "belicoso" from that root (same meaning as its cognate in English). I guess the reason is that for a long time Goths and Romanzed Iberians were forbidden to inter-marry, in an effort to keep the peoples appart

[@CarvedStones]

@@JosePineda-cy6om There’s a few dozen words from gothic that made its way into Spanish and Portuguese, but most of the gothic legacy made its way into Spanish first names and last names. I would argue that the most “Spanish” sounding names are derived from Germanic or gothic considering how frequently they are used. Anyways, Leovigildo (of the considered the great unifier of hispania) actually got rid of the old gothic laws that forbade intermarriage between the natives and goths. After this, the rest is history. They got quickly assimilated into the Hispano Roman population, basically making them almost indistinguishable in the 7th and 8th centuries.

[@phillipholland6795]

Iberia was part of the Arab world for about 800 years afterall, it makes sense. The same applies to Southern Italy too, especially Sicily.

[@embeleco2342]

It should be noticed that the Goths definitely did not fight to take over the Roman Empire or do away with it, but much more to become part of it. Alarik I essentially sacked Rome in 410 because the Romans refused to upgrade his military rank. The Visigoths were settled in the south of France, centred on Toulouse, as foederati. Theodoric the Great recieved the Western imperial regalia from Constantinople in 497.

[@hayrogarciga924]

wow the bit of old english i know helped me understand the gothic Ik= Ic, im = eom, gods=god

[@dannicron]

"gods" is good. The word for god in Gothic is "guþ" or "gud-".

[@timsimenc]

So Gothic...Alexa, play Wolfecito

[@grandmarshallkingwolfman420]

The -ila suffix reminds me of the Latin -ula suffix which I think has the same meaning.

[@Miggy19779]

Possibly from the same indo european source, -los, becoming -ulus in Latin (-ula, -ila -illa are just variants of this) and -ilaz in proto germanic.

[@frankparis9408]

Are we talking here about the Gothic bible written in today's Bulgaria ? If I remember correctly, the monk settled down in a Roman built city along the Danube, Nicopolis. The city was built after a Roman victory there.

[@bernhardb4711]

Have anyone identified the original geographical areas where people spoke Gothic? That is, before all the relocations. Doesn't sound like it would be Scandinavia or Germany from the video?

[@LeeWright337W]

I wish it were possible to double-like this 👍👍

[@nickenr1]

The weird thing for me as a swede, as i read the text. Alot of words i naturly say in modern day dialect of gotland. Maybe my fault because i know how the accent sound like? Or maybe the goths have maintained the accent till today? You can look up babben larsson (a comedian) and hear the dialect.

[@loneirregular1280]

meanwhile, we hungarians who do have the name Attila / Atilla / Attilla claim that his name comes from an archaic hungarian word for river, as also seen in Etelköz / between rivers/

[@franciscovallejoperez8164]

Nombres en España de origen godo:Alfonso,Fernando,Roberto, Rogelio,Alfredo, Ataúlfo, Alberto, Alonso,Atanagildo,Amalarico, Braulio, Carlos, Conrado,Favila, Fruela, Federico,Francisco,Gustavo,Genaro, Gumersindo,Gutiérre,Gundemaro,Germán, Hermenegildo,Leovigildo,Manrique, Odón,Osvaldo,Ofelia,Ramíro, Rodrigo,Remigio,Raimundo,Ronaldo,Romualdo, Ruí,Sisebuto,Segismundo,Teodorico,Teudis,Turismundo....

[@CarvedStones]

Y muchos, muchos más nombres, del gótico al español.

[@sianomichel7360]

and you just have a glance at the directory in the Catalan speaking area of Spain and France and you'll be astonished how many surnames with obvious gothic origine can be found

[@YAMYvonRichthofen]

The Gothic letters is pretty similiar to latin, some of them

[@CarvedStones]

It’s because the person who constructed the gothic language was a greek-goth. He mostly used Latin or Greek words with a few runic spelling.

[@Fritz999]

That idea I can buy. Since I can understand a number of German dialects, or tribal German, I can pretty well understand Wulfilas Gothic.