Jaguars & City *AGREE* on massive $1.4B Stadium Rebuild

Discussing the Jacksonville Jaguars stadium renovation
My Twitter - / realpatrickmcl

[@rodrigosmith24]

Real Madrid did basically the same thing to the Santiago Bernabéu over 2 seasons. It’s now probably the best stadium in Europe. The transformation is amazing. It’s well worth taking a look at. It was around 800 million euros. It can host almost any major sporting event.

[@javiermarius9475]

I agree! I saw Real Madrid against. Borussia Dortmoth on a streaming service. Their 🏟️ is a life changer.

[@Hamza_105]

Vamos Barça

[@Brandon-qd2lb]

They want the World Cup final again so that’s why and it was very outdated.

[@91_C4_FL]

After the end of this upcoming season, I expect the rumors for a Raymond James Stadium renovation to begin. Their lease is up in 2028 and they won’t want to be behind the other two FL venues.

[@Patrick-ml1mg]

So basically taxes go up for the locals and price for tickets go up even more. Less local people will attend. When we can just watch from home. No traffic no overpriced drinks ,food,parking ect. Got it.

[@Brewsky_Boy]

All for it! It’s going to really make the Jags stand out. The Jags bring a lot of revenue to the city. 50-50 split is understandable. We’re fortunate we have an owner who wants to invest in the city, especially around the stadium. Downtown needs this! Have lived in Jax for 40+ years. Would be great for the city!

[@Gage_Brumley]

That translucent/reflective outer shell of the stadium is going to be blinding in the sun

[@duuuval3288]

The deal will get done. Shad has a great relationship with the city. The stadium needs to be updated if we wanna keep the jags & FL/GA game in JAX.

[@scotttild]

You know how wealthy he is he can pay for it on his own dame dime.

[@Bk6346]

@@scotttildThen don’t whine and cry when the Jaguars move to another city.

[@kevinlunpkins2691]

​@@scotttildhe could but he also don't own the whole stadium the city owns like half so a deal has to be brought to city council just because he rich doesn't mean he has to save our rundown stadium and all of that side of downtown

[@adrianreynolds77]

@@Bk6346 Seriously, why is half of America obsessed with Jacksonville losing the Jaguars?

[@GoingInSaiyan]

​@scotttild the stadium is owned by the city, He's offering to pay for half of it when even if he decided to move the jags we'd still benefit and get major events happening in the city due to the stadium bringing in a lot of money. Such a short sighted comment based on zero knowledge of facts and benefits the stadium brings our city.

[@blairsanders9395]

Uga Florida games gone be lit 🔥 😂

[@javiermarius9475]

It takes about 2️⃣ hours to drive to Orlando from Jacksonville meaning 🐆 fans must travel staying at between 10am and 11 am to head towards Orlando for. 🐆 game.

[@sp1nks248]

Playing at FSU would be better

[@lyfeofbill2764]

Its more than just putting a roof on it. They are going in and updating all of the infrastructure to the stadium. The plumbing on this facility sucks (goes back to the original gator bowl). They're going to dig all that up and re plumb it. They are also building up the ship yards next to the stadium. its going to be a parks/museum district and the owner of the Jags is putting a four seasons hotel next to it.

[@ronniesouthern7829]

To paraphrase the Rock: It doesn’t matter what the general public wants!

[@georgiadawg9064]

What’s better? Winning in a average stadium or losing while looking good in a state of the art stadium? And how does this help the residents of Jacksonville?

[@Airborneoneable]

The STADIUM is Owned by Jacksonville , for an Owner wanting to split the cost is a great deal. This Stadium renovation is a Great deal, because it will bring more stuff to Jacksonville.

[@samelmudir]

Jacksonville might get one more super bowl. The city didn't jave enough hotels last time .

[@jfayiii]

Bridges as choke points were also an issue.

[@gboyce975]

They will never get another Super Bowl. Last one was a disaster

[@Bk6346]

The NFL rewards a city with a Super Bowl whenever a new stadium is built

[@benjaminingram4857]

Add more hotels and light rail Transit you'll get another Superbowl.

[@franciscocolin2008]

Hard to beat Atlanta or Miami.

[@MrCokamoepro]

I actually participated in building the Bud Zone (South End Zone) of this current stadium back when Wayne Weaver was the owner and its amazing to see how far the old Gator Bowl has come full circle over the years. When they do this I'm gonna be a season ticket holder, I feel a Super Bowl in our near future!

[@FSUSean2112]

and hope a NFL draft too id love to go to that

[@AMERICANSTA_3k]

Hopefully they build a light rail connecting it to the rest of Jacksonville.

[@DabsDad]

They did this in Miami at Hard Rock and the fan experience is much better with the roof now. Light years better. We used to bake in the Sun at 1pm games and now only the visiting team has to deal with it. They stayed in the stadium and did the renovation over two seasons, and funded solely by the owner Stephen Ross. No city or county money involved. Fans would have never accepted that after the Marlins hoodwinked Miami-Dade.

[@chijimmy1]

Good Lord. The NFL already puts games on pay TV. Then they have the balls to ask the American people to pay for their stadium? I don’t need sports that bad I’ll read a book.

[@BusinessFreedom1]

Right I’m done watching sports as well

[@Bk6346]

Maybe the airlines should build the airports instead of the taxpayers.

[@Tank4Life]

The Browns are not playing at the Hall of Fame stadium if Browns Stadium is renovated. It barely holds 23,000, and no place to expand. It's a freaking high school field.

[@RhinoXpress]

They needed it badly. If they didnt get this funding, the jags would have definitely relocated. That stadium is one of the most undesirable stadiums in the league behind D.C. and Carolina. It easily ranks as the top 3 bottom tier stadiums in the league.

[@duuuval3288]

JAX also hosts the FL/GA game which is the largest outdoor cocktail party. We need an update bad if we wanna keep jags & FL/GA game in JAX.

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

I'd probably still put Nissan, New Era and Cleveland behind it. It just looks worse because of the sun-bleaching.

[@robertwoods4457]

I like the way it looks.

[@BusinessFreedom1]

It better look good if it’s 1.4 billion and my city has to pay for it

[@veronicamoore8911]

What happens to the traffic for the people that live in Arlington and how are we going to evacuate we have a weather emergency

[@suncatblue]

That looks like a beautiful stadium

[@jexsheffield]

I hope they go to Camping World stadium. Not because it’s a better or closer stadium but they get to dip their toe into the Orlando market, something they probably need considering Miami and Tampa are bigger markets and teams

[@mainstarter3380]

Not many from Orlando root for the Bucs like one might assume. Playing in Orlando can help Jaguars earn some new fans outside of their territory.

[@Gage_Brumley]

@@mainstarter3380 and it's a perfectly sized stadium given the situation. The Jaguars won't draw as many fans in Orlando as they will in Jacksonville so the lower capacity works

[@kennethgolden5539]

DG has figured this out. These Billion dollars cost that all these cities are quoting is todays dollars at best. 1.4B is realistically 2+B by the time the project is completed. That does not even take in to account "service on to debt". These payment is over 30 to 40 years. If it takes 30 years to pay for your house, it cost 2-3 times the initial list price. Depending on your rate.

[@kevinlunpkins2691]

The brand new jea building new court house new hotels, condos and apartments now stadium new schools already getting done like kip and idea we are developing at a fast pace in jax

[@florhirezi2194]

People here think Jax is still in the boonies and has nothing good going for it. Come to my city & be surprised! Aside fr this stadium, there's a 5B development going up as we speak...that's not even including the Everbank reno & the district around it. Picture that! We will be Super Bowl ready sooner that you all think!.

[@retrowarehouse2554]

This is why I keep telling people that these stadium deals will get done, it takes some years to figure everything out. Cities and smart mayors know their big money makers and they won't let them go away. I believe this is going to end up happening to Soldier Field when it's all said and done. As long as the location is good, they'll probably just end up doing a big renovation.

[@WDI2008]

Hopefully they will keep the swimming pools too as well!🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺

[@jampick5528]

giving billionaires owners billion dollars stadium over and over again when does the madness stop. does anybody in Florida care about their property tax or the homeowners insurance issue.

[@Roodoca]

Looks like chrome toilet seat to me, from the outside render picture.

[@kristypiits8982]

There is a review that said it will not bring enough revenue to city for what it cost. Wasted money.

[@spg5658]

What kind of roof again? 😋

[@NicholasHaynes-br4oq]

Would playing at fsu be out of the picture?

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

Unfortunately, probably due to distance and accessibility, That said Doak could be further along with renovations than any other neighboring stadium, which could benefit them as a potental temporary location.

[@Catnado5000]

This should give Jacksonville back a home game I would expect 😅

[@Brandon-qd2lb]

Florida would not want their field shredded up even more. Just do it at camping world. Would be fun to have Florida vs Georgia back at home stadiums again.

[@Astrodomania]

1.4 Billion to "renovate" an existing stadium?...Really? Sounds like a nice fat government payout to someone in the background.

[@andrebailey6676]

Well because it's a lot of EX they need a lot its infrastructure they're doing a lot of upgrades to the stadium basically a total rebuild

[@qramsey1893]

It’s a brand new stadium. Let’s be real the only thing is the foundation and some structural things are actually in great condition and won’t need to be replaced. So it’s considered a Renovation not a new build.

[@Jondsmusic]

I'd love Ginger for you to do some research as to whether or not Gillette Stadium has any new renovation updates upcoming after their massive update this past year.

[@kennethgolden5539]

The taxpayers have said they do not want to pay for this. J'ville is not a tourist destination so tourism is not a source of revenue. I assume it will have to come from the budget, bonds, property taxes or sales tax. The sales tax would have to be on a Proposition ballot vote.

[@TheSSUltimateGoku]

Let them owner pay for it I mean one of the part owners son waste $13 million on wrestlers that people don’t really even know in the US and treats him as a henchman, instead of a main eventer.

[@SirManfly]

The Kahn’s have deep pockets so maybe they should but they didn’t become billionaires many times over by paying for things themselves 🤷🏻‍♂️

[@bbb4228]

Just because you’re ignorant doesn’t mean the rest of us are.

[@sirchi8731]

​@@bbb4228guys like him or the reason why teams relocating. At least Jacksonville bought themselves another 30 years

[@scotttild]

@@sirchi8731Do you know how wealthy these owners are? They have a net worth over 10 billion dollars why the hell can’t they pay for them on their own. Let them move where are they going?

[@sirchi8731]

@@scotttild stop hating billionaires. You coming off as a hater. Some situations private works..some private. Just go 50/50 or at least 60/40 and get it over with

[@realthrills5448]

If this happens Jacksonville still haven’t built the Jags a NEW stadium. New Jack city!!

[@LucaMVP]

Saw rebuild and thought the plans changed for a moment 😂

[@danielsermonsministries6561]

I say add seating to the baseball stadium make the capacity 30k an lobby for a mlb team as well

[@ChefAbroad23]

London!!!!!🎉🎉

[@johnsking12]

The relocation rumors have never been legitimate.

[@Storm-xs9qv]

Are they keeping the pool

[@Weidneriffic]

Yes.

[@kennethgolden5539]

I live near Tampa Florida. Seems like these Professional sports cities in Florida are trying to circumvent taxpayers vote on Amendments. They know it will not pass so they are tapping into other revenue streams.

[@scotttild]

Yep exactly. Vote them all out.

[@PJBlick]

@@scotttild Yeah, I'm definitely looking into voting out that governor that passed an anti-1A state bill in a different country. Sellout.

[@jmendozaORL]

If you're using tourism dollars, I'm all for it. Letting visitors pay for much of the cost.

[@alanbeckham9093]

The NFL should pay for ALL stadium renovations/ new stadiums.

[@greenbay3164]

Yeah no....NFL doesn't own the teams...they own the league. TEAM OWNERS should pay for renovations

[@sirchi8731]

​@@greenbay3164doesn't work that way

[@Hydra48]

Why should the NFL pay for them?

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@pheonix1023]

Nah the owners should. Their fucking billionaires. They can afford it.

[@markdalton3834]

Will there be an expansion to the skyway express that brings fans to the game since it looks like the parking lots are to be developed?

[@Graphics_Card]

The skyway is obsolete. It’s pretty much at its EOL. Jacksonville was too late to try and expand the skyway.

[@davesnothome1586]

So, SOFI in LA was quoted at 2.5ish Billion. ended up be over 5 Billion. good luck hope taxes don't go up?

[@bishopkirby-bush2765]

Just build it, Jax needs something to be excited about. nun of that money is going into the community anyway. If you live in jax youd know nothing ever changes especially where it’s actually needed.

[@txmagyar32]

I’m sorry, but why wouldn’t they go to Tallahassee instead of Orlando? Doak Campbell is a far better facility than anything they have in Orlando and if Gainesville has construction, then I think Tallahassee makes by far the most sense way more than Orlando. No yes they’re not gonna be able to sell out either of those stadiums but the stadium and the staff there is more than more than capable of handling the crowds as they used to handling 100,000+8 times a year. And the tailgating and the overall atmosphere in Tallahassee Gainesville it’s gonna be way better than Orlando. But I would hope that Gainesville is the first option since it’s closer than Orlando or Tallahassee, but the issues with possible construction may make that impossible

[@jeffreyterrell9848]

Doak is currently under renovations for the next couple of years.

[@txmagyar32]

@@jeffreyterrell9848 unless something has changed I heard they were going to be done before the 2025 season.

[@greendelano]

KEEP THE SWIMMING POOL!!!

[@danielocampo1464]

"Jagwires" 😢

[@georgiadawg9064]

So awesome! Jag fans can watch in luxury while they win 4 games this year 😂😂😂

[@cspeer121]

I can't believe that Florida can support 3 NFL teams.

[@vasiliosthomas4883]

They cant, nor can L.A support two teams. Yet the NFL could care less.

[@Black_Dollarz]

Is been almost 30 years. Florida has a lot of people

[@banditjimmy35]

yet play 1/4 of their home games in London.

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

Only one home game per season, and I'm sure the lease renewal will have a modification in that contract for London.

[@donnmckinnon]

So they're spending the gross amount of money to put a roof on a sweatbox to shade fans but have no air conditioning. It will be a pretty sweatbox! Makes no sense

[@Black4Cook]

The Sofi stadium doesn't have air conditioning because the roof is built to regulate the temperature inside. You have a natural air float because the stadium is not a closed dome you have open sides where the air can flow through

[@JohnFollmer]

California has no humidity. Make a big difference. AC is going to be a must or massive fans to circulate air flow.

[@carlguyjr8379]

Every new stadium doesn't need a roof or dome ..it takes away the elements of football😒😒😒😒

[@michaellewter8671]

That's all this clown talks about when it comes to new stadiums..always "you'd want a retractable roof on it" ..every video...

[@andrebailey6676]

The reason why they want that is because they want to be able to host super bowls and many other things that brings revenue to the city

[@carlguyjr8379]

If they all build stadiums with roofs on them or domes....ALL QBS WILL BE DRAFTED IN THE 1ST ROUND...WHY? BECAUSE WE WOULDN'T GET TO SEE THEIR REAL POTENTIAL PLAYING IN THE NATURAL ELEMENTS!!!! #TRUTH#

[@flu922]

im assuming you never been to a september game in Florida huh? we need a roof here.

[@Black4Cook]

The problem is that the sun is so hot in Florida in September/October that older people just won't like to go to the games or other people who struggle with extreme heat. Miami also renovated the stadium because you don't want your fans to collapse during the game or getting a heat stroke.

[@paulgetz2104]

They could play two or three games over in England. Put them over there for 2 weeks. Bring them back on the road somewhere and then go back for another one playing Gainesville

[@timothyhenry5454]

Where in the hell is all these stadium taxes ever going to end You have homelessness in all cities people are in need & you have all this foolishness

[@JJWestmoreland84]

For that cost, and having to leave to allow the time to upgrade, just tear it down and build a new stadium in the same spot.

[@Gage_Brumley]

It virtually is a new stadium. Only thing they are keeping is the shell of the seating bowl, which was actually from the original Gator Bowl Stadium

[@martinzenor7449]

The problem with the Jag's stadium is that it is located in a run down industrial area void of bars, restaurants and entertainment. They should consider locating a new stadium elsewhere

[@seanhodge27]

And that’s why they plan to build an adjacent entertainment district

[@oauthoracle6942]

this could be how the nfl tests out a team in London. they play their for just one year and they can see how it goes. and if its done by end of season maybe they play the playoffs back in Jacksonville???

[@jamesgates1074]

Why do all the good weather areas want a roof while all the cold snowy areas don’t go for a roof?

[@DrBoulter]

Because in the summer here it’s HOT AF lol People pass out from heat strokes because of the heat during August and September afternoon games

[@jamesgates1074]

@@DrBoulter I didn't really think about the heat, But didn't a few people die of hypothermia in KC during the Miami game?

[@DrBoulter]

@@jamesgates1074 oh yikes idk about that

[@ALEXANDERNEVERMIND1958]

IF THEY DID THIS TO SOFI, A STADIUM IN INGLEWOOD, CALIFORNIA, THEN ITS ALL BETS OFF. IF U WANNA HOST A SUPERBOWL AND OTHER EVENTS YEAR ROUND, THIS IS WHAT U BUILD/DO.

[@wofat6300]

How about building a brand new stadium?

[@jimthar17]

Jag-wars. Not Jag-wires. Come on man. Jesus....

[@bobbystapelton9047]

Waste of Taxpayers money we are going to close 30 schools and layoff 700 teachers. I Think the stadium does its job and enjoy going to games. Hell the Jags haven’t done shlt in 30 yrs and we just payed for Renovations. Jacksonville as a City is Broke

[@Yu_Yevon]

The current stadium has zero to do with the Super Bowl not returning to Jacksonville any time soon.

[@ZURPER_77]

For that much money they should just go all the way and build a new stadium.

[@rattlers87]

Duval we in this hoe. How much taxes goin up? 😂

[@dogcowrph]

If it’s such a great business let the teams build their own place of business. Walmart doesn’t ask your city to build them a new superstore.

[@brabblemaster401]

They do many times. Not to build the building itself but many get tax breaks for decades or even get the land for free from the city. Happens in many areas for many companies. Weather it be retail or industry

[@Bk6346]

Maybe the airlines should build the airports instead of the government using your logic. An NFL owner is not going to spend $2 billion to build a stadium. A city builds a stadium and then can attract tenants like an NFL team, soccer team, concerts and conventions.

[@mikeg3810]

With all that money, you could have eradicated homelessness in the state and fix up these dilapidated neighborhoods. I don’t get it. 🤷🏿‍♂️

[@TheOne_KingDavid]

Duuuuuuuvaaaaaaal....lets go! Get it done! 💯

[@ronsimmons8738]

Bengals is a possible new stadium coming soon

[@CrabCoreKing]

it looks like a toilet seat lmao sums up jags football

[@gboyce975]

I can't believe they are staying in Jacksonville. So many better options for them in relocation

[@Weidneriffic]

No, there’s really not. That’s why they’re staying put.

[@seanhodge27]

Hell no! #DUUUVAL

[@gboyce975]

@@Weidneriffic I think they could find other markets where they wouldn't have to tarp off seats to have a "sell out"

[@Weidneriffic]

@@gboyce975 They haven’t used tarps in years. Get your fact straight.

[@lyfeofbill2764]

Shad is thinking about the next 30 years, not right now. Jacksonville is growing while other cities are in a population decline.

[@bluej333]

They already said Daytona won’t happen and Orlando so

[@neneshubby]

How do you announce a deal with no financial details? Whats with all the secrecy?

[@duuuval3288]

All the details will be announced Tuesday in front of the city council.

[@lyfeofbill2764]

Official deal will be laid out next week to the city council.

[@DTWD420]

All for it, Go Jags

[@joedimaggio3687]

Do you want your taxes raised to pay for this?

[@DTWD420]

@@joedimaggio3687 I'm in Clay county but sure thing I'm a diehard Jags fan. I don't understand how people assert that the amount of taxes applied for just this will be noticeable or "high" when it would be marginal after being split throughout the population.

[@joedimaggio3687]

@@DTWD420 why shouldn't the owner of the Jaguars or the NFL pay for it?

[@DTWD420]

@@joedimaggio3687 I mean he's spent hundreds of millions already, and if it's the standard for all NFL stadiums to receive some public funding then why should Jax be any different? In case you're curious the Titans' new stadium is receiving 60% public funds and that's a higher price tag than the Jags update.

[@joedimaggio3687]

@@DTWD420 Let these greedy billionaire owners build and own their own stadiums.

[@IamJWood]

Doing exactly what Pro Player... I mean.. 🤣 🤣 Hard Rock Stadium did

[@hoseamurray5479]

Good 👍 because that day . Monday night football one year when it was raining on those commentators . Was an embarrassment 😢 good 👍 deal

[@jeffreywood5207]

If we are going to waste tax money on the stadium..... it needs to be voted on in Nov!!!

[@heffe40]

They could go to fsu

[@CasaiTX]

I wonder if Jaguars move to London as a trial for overseas teams. The Jags play one game every year there already because of Shad, I wonder though if Jacksonville negotiated that out as part of there public funeing

[@chi_0647]

You will think the jags gonna spend billions on a stadium just to relocate 😂

[@Black4Cook]

@@chi_0647 I think he meant to play there until the stadium is done to test if it would be possible to have a team there. But I think it would only work if you have a full division there and even than teams would cry like last year when the bills played in London after the jax were already there for one week.

[@jamesparker7729]

Why do all the architectural drawings on the numerous proposed stadiums look, with the exception of few minor changes, look identical? Doesn’t any architectural firms have any architects who can think outside of the box and be truly original? What about an old-school looking structure that captures the gritty elements of the game but has modern conveniences blended in that’s not too noticeable? If I’m an owner looking for a new design stadium, I would demand that it not be another cloned, sterile, domed, antiseptic looking facility. Be freaking original! Have a thought!

[@lyfeofbill2764]

The same design allows for efficient construction and lower cost.

[@barbaracaroll]

Build a damn new stadium JC

[@Samtheman85844]

Not a fan of the Jaguars $1.4B Stadium Rebuild.

[@tomhartman2254]

Good, keep them from moving to Europe

[@Angus-Johnson-8334]

1 Corinthians 15:1-4 King James Version 15 Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand; 2 By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain. 3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; 4 And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:

[@garyphillips3552]

Will Green Bay ever get a super bowl?

[@michaellewter8671]

I would say no.. Not enough lodging, hotels etc around there..

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

No

[@sp1nks248]

I am for it. Live in Jax

[@kurtpunchesthings2411]

well tbf to the city of Jacksonville it was either this or the team would have gone to London unironically i think there is more Jaguars fans in London then Jacksonville

[@gboyce975]

San Antonio, Austin, Orlando, London, and Toronto are all better options

[@Weidneriffic]

@@gboyce975 None of those are better options. Only London has an NFL-caliber stadium.

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

This opinion is not well-informed and pretty terrible tbh.

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

Orlando is less than an hour from Tampa. San Antonio has had the Alamo Dome sitting vacant since the Spurs used it temporarily in the 90s, besides the Saints, who have used it a couple of times.The SAA market has lots of potential, and we will get in on it, but not until after Jerry Jones is gone. London is still a logistical pipe dream.

[@gboyce975]

​@BoldcastifyPrime Jacksonville was and still is mistake for the NFL

[@Sea_Stallion]

Jacksonville can’t host a Super Bowl it was a disaster in 2004 they had to bring in cruise ships for extra hotel rooms

[@Realcool1525]

Every stadium should have a roof over it, mlb, nfl all of them

[@mysteryhombre81]

If this stadium doesn't get a load of public financing then the jaguars are gone. Salt lake city?

[@Weidneriffic]

They’ve not leaving.

[@Hauler24]

Love all these stadium going to roofs. Love it. Now Metlife make it happen.

[@Smiggly2574]

Mara's like it outdoors. The whole stadium is horrrible.

[@mccraejoey82]

We going to win a superbowl real soon

[@cubstrek85]

🇵🇸

[@williewonka6694]

I hope the local taxpayers revolt and send an unambiguous message to the responsible officials in November.

[@duuuval3288]

Nah. The deal will get done and life will move on.

[@BoldcastifyPrime]

It won't even make it that far; they aren't putting it on a ballot.

[@jeffreyreyes6800]

It looks very good hopefully no taxpayers money spend it yourself

[@bruceleroy1683]

Cheaper than a $1.5B stadium.