Jared Rutter (U. Utah, HHMI) 3: Mitochondria: The Fuel and the Fire

www.ibiology.org/cell-biology...
Dr. Jared Rutter shares new insights into the interplay between mitochondria, metabolism, and cellular behavior.
Mitochondria are integral to the metabolism of eukaryotic cells, yet many of their properties are not fully understood. In Part 1 of this iBioSeminar, Dr. Jared Rutter lays out the foundational knowledge of mitochondrial structure and origin, and shares what is currently known about mitochondrial roles in metabolism, protein homeostasis, and signaling. He ends by highlighting a focus of his research group: to unravel the functions of uncharacterized mitochondrial proteins.
In Part 2 of his talk, Rutter describes his group’s work to unravel the relationship between the activity of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) and the behavior of numerous cell types, including cancer and stem cells. His group found that forced expression of the MPC in multiple stem cell models led to reduced “stemness” and proliferative capacity, and that MPC inhibition could promote organoid formation in culture and tumor formation in vivo. These data indicate an important link between mitochondria, metabolism, and cell behavior.
In his Part 3, Rutter emphasizes the challenge of mitochondrial protein synthesis. How do the components of the electron transport chain (ETC) assemble in the right stoichiometry at the right time? Rutter introduces the LYR family of proteins, which aid assembly of ETC components. LYR proteins interact with a common binding partner, the acyl carrier protein (ACP), via a unique fatty acyl moiety on ACP. Rutter’s group showed that ACP acylation is necessary for assembly of the ETC and activation of oxidative phosphorylation.
Speaker Biography:
Jared Rutter is a Professor of Biochemistry and holds the Dee Glen and Ida Smith Endowed Chair for Cancer Research at the University of Utah. Dr. Rutter received his PhD from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in 2001, working with Dr. Steve McKnight. After receiving his PhD, he spent 18 months as the Sara and Frank McKnight Independent Fellow of Biochemistry before joining the faculty at the University of Utah. As of September 2015, Dr. Rutter is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In addition to leading his laboratory at the University of Utah, Dr. Rutter is also actively involved in translating these academic discoveries into therapies as a founder, consultant and board member of several companies and venture firms. Dr. Rutter also serves as co-Director of the Diabetes and Metabolism Center at the University of Utah and co-Leader of the Nuclear Control of Cell Growth and Differentiation at Huntsman Cancer Institute.
rutter.biochem.utah.edu

[@burritosburritos]

Every time I learn one thing, I realize there are about 100 things that I need to learn or re learn to understand the one thing that I'm trying to learn.

[@doanviettrung]

Dr Rutter says complex mitochondrial processes and structure are elegant. To physicists, elegance is simplicity behind complexity. Opposite situations evoke the same feel - interesting!

[@albertomolano]

I am fascinated with mitochondria, have been reading about them for years now, from the helical coupling rod of complex 1 to quantum superexchange

[@muhammadwaqasluqman2977]

That was an amazing video. Thank you for your efforts and time. Could you please provide the link to your work on how you genetically deleted the MCP protein (silenced/knocked-out the gene) from the mitochondria? Thank you again.

[@lil_lustre]

such an interesting work !!! thx u for those presentations Mitochondria metabolism is really one of the most important process in cells

[@martijnhuijnen1]

very nice work! finally this weird acp interaction with OxPHos is being resolved!

[@billdomb]

Amazing what we know are learning and maybe even more amazing is that there is funding as well as people doing the research...

[@user-po7te6hn2s]

finally something interesting and challenging stuff ))

[@sabrango]

Good job

[@jonahansen]

THE most important process in cells. All else depends on ATP for energy. An amazing process even more incredible by way of its evolutionary emergence and refinement.

[@KenJackson_US]

How can you possibly think the mitochondria, of all organelles, resulted from evolution? He just explained how very carefully factors have to be *managed* or electrons would do damage. Did the mitochondria go through trillions of years of damaging arrangements before they got it right?

[@KenJackson_US]

​@@Fossilized-cryptid: _"you clearly dont understand ..."_ Hah! That's the standard retort. If I don't bow to evolution, then clearly I don't understand it. I'll bet _you've_ never even tried to examine the math. You just believe by faith that new proteins can evolve. And indeed, the belief that new types of proteins can evolve can _only_ be believed by faith.

[@NickMarshallMusic]

The cytochromes are also light antennas, can produce atp independant of food.

[@zeshengliu2307]

interesting study

[@millieortiz2638]

You just explained it, Mr. Rutter, you have just explained the cause of cancer: disruption of the normal cellular functions by any mean which may cause the cell's electrical functions to malfunction.

[@charlesnwankwo7836]

POWER HOUSE!!!!

[@hoolia4987]

Handsome and brilliant 👍👍

[@Fossilized-cryptid]

@@privatejeffrey1830 ? unnecessary and stupid reply

[@a.aaliev4033]

Thanx you, pls wrire yuor email

[@thenewapollo]

Seinfeld improved!

[@elizabethfletcher1487]

Layperson here. We spend gazillions of dollars on trying to get people to Mars, which is an utterly ridiculous proposition for the near future, mainly because whatever we might use Mars for can more easily be done by AI instead of by one way trips by humans, yet here we have a frontier that should be explored for the good of all humanity, and it goes relatively unnoticed. Did I understand everything I saw/heard? No, but what I got out of this lecture is that you really do not want to mess with consuming things that humans are not meant to consume or you risk messing with your physiology in minute ways. How can we expect our body to function properly when the poor thing is being submerged in an environment of ever-increasing numbers of compounds entirely foreign to it?

[@Fossilized-cryptid]

both arent mutually exclusive, you can do both..

[@elizabethfletcher1487]

@@Fossilized-cryptid I have been in love with space travel since I read Heinlein's Red Planet in 4th grade. I am much older now and I believe that our priorities must change. I have nothing against space exploration but our machines are going to have to do it. Wasting people on a one way trip to a planet we cannot inhabit as Potential Planet B is a waste of resources. Our eyes should be on saving this planet, not plundering another.

[@KenJackson_US]

_"... have to be managed very carefully"_ by a well *designed* system. How can anyone think this was designed by an unguided process (evolution)?

[@KenJackson_US]

I would be _delighted_ if you could show me some math that demonstrates it's plausible for a brand new protein to evolve in less than a trillion trillion trillion years, @@Fossilized-cryptid. You can even use an outrageously large population size and make assumptions that give evolution very unfair advantages.