How OceanGate Titan Sub Realtime Hull Monitor FAILED! RTM

[@jeffostroff]

🎥 WATCH NEXT: 🎥 Coast Guard Has OFFICIAL OceanGate Titan Sub Transcript: kzbin.info/www/bejne/r3_UoWWVbJWbrck 🎥 OceanGate Titan Sub Debris Video Shows How It Imploded: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mXe0eH2BqLNghsk 🎥 OceanGate Titan Sub Coast Guard Hearing SHOCKING Facts: kzbin.info/www/bejne/n2ippJiea5l_p5o 🎥Coast Guard Video: Titan Sub Salvaged Off Ocean Floor: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mImTZauDmtJmY6s 🎥 NTSB Titan Sub Report: Carbon Fiber Hull Defects, More: kzbin.info/www/bejne/kGjbkpiGop6Enrs 🎥Titan Sub: Fired OceanGate Employees Show What REALLY Happened kzbin.info/www/bejne/jZWYlWiqrr1-m8U

[@bertjesklotepino]

Jeff, you forgot to mention the crack in the window, the lightning strike, the plastic tube, etc etc. Next video you have to sum up all of it. I mean: The investigation continues, right? They is dead, due to an implosion, but we gosta investigate. As if there is anything to investigate. As if we really should pay attention to a guy who thought it would be a good idea to go down to such depths in a plastic tube glued to titanium endcaps. Why are you spending this much time on something that is obvious to even a maggot, Jeff? Even a maggot can understand pressure. Stock Rush should have understood it. Clearly he had a brain smaller than that of a maggot. Every noodle understands you do not want to be in a plastic tube at such pressures. Why are we distracting the audience with nonsense titles again and again, and again and again? Why continu milking this cow? Is there no more cows to milk? Want me to point you to a herd of cows which are ready for milking? Edit: I assume not allowed

[@BenTrem42]

/*tap tap*/ 14:26 ff could use more specificity. The witness was clear: not like the buckling that we see so typically. *_"Snap through buckling_* ...

[@kharmachaos667]

Just so you know, the video you start at 15:26 is absolutely piecemeal.

[@thepickledfish3631]

It was a death trap, anyone who goes under water at that knows the risk. You will not survive even if something goes wrong. They knew that.

[@CBe-ot8vu]

0.0001 second before it started imploding the alarm went off. Before their brain could even react to hearing it, the implosion was done

[@PAS_2020]

Not only will Stockton Rush be studied in all engineering classes in the world, but he will probably be studied in a whole lot of psychology classes as well. -lol

[@Gutbomber]

"You are remembered for the rules you break."

[@Kamon67]

@@Gutbomber ''Well guess what ? I did''

[@mrsaskriders]

And ethics classes.

[@PetesGuide]

Too bad they won’t be able to analyze his brain. That would have been better.

[@TheIndependentLens]

@@PetesGuideI was just thinking they’d store his brain in a jar if there was anything left of it.

[@lorigarza9971]

Wow! The fact that his warning system was giving him clues that he ignored it is so mind-boggling and unbelievable.

[@forevercomputing]

They were probably looking at them dive to dive, so previous data was likely ignored or not to hand

[@WIHeadhunter]

Agreed! He didn’t listen to the RTM system he created or even the loud crack heard at the end of dive 80 with worsening data for all subsequent dives. You would think there were audible cracks when diving during dive 81 to their last dive besides the RTM data. Truly unbelievable!

[@BType13X2]

@@forevercomputing incredibly stupid that he was doing that especially after the dive with the loud bang, how the data itself was presented changed right after that dive. Instead of a constantly increasing strain line it was curved . For someone who was an engineer to ignore the significance gives creedance to the whole deathwish angle where he had painted himself into a corner.

[@Lucky9_9]

They didn’t ignore the data; they simply never had access to it. OceanGate didn’t create those graphs, so they couldn’t see the differences in strength between the final dives because those charts didn’t exist. The charts mapping depth to strain were only created during the investigation.

[@flybywire5866]

@@Lucky9_9 They didn't had these because Rush didn't want to have them. What shall not be, cannot be.

[@robertlevine2152]

Jeff, I have no first-hand experience with carbon fiber hulls. I do have years of experience with steel-hulled vessels. I spent years working both within my company and with other companies and regulatory agencies studying fatigue cracking on tankers. I worked on the prevention of cracking through design, monitoring cracking, the repair of cracks, and modification of structure when repairs are made. On several occasions, we removed sections around cracks and sent the steel for laboratory analysis. When fatigue cracks progress in steel there will be chevrons left in the crack pointing in the direction of the starting point. At first, the chevrons will be close together, say 4 or 5 chevrons spaced 1/16" apart. Then you might have 2 or 3 at 1/8" apart. Then one at 1/4", the next at 1/2". Then the crack may reach its critical length, at which the crack will run until it reaches something that stops it. I saw cracks that were 9' in length, and one that was 20 to 25' in length. About the time I retired, I started discussions about the feasibility of placing strain gauges in the cargo block area that could be downloaded periodically to help in the identification of crack initiation. As I said my work was with steel. On a tanker, you might have 2 or 3 grades of steel. The steel is welded. Ships are built and inspected following regulatory agencies' rules. Structural rules for tankers are uniformly based on the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). Titan was built based on no rules, regulations, standards, oversight, or inspection. Based on what has been revealed there were no inspections to identify where the banging was coming from. It seems that Mr. Rush went out of his way to avoid finding out his design was faulty and was ready to fail. As with fatigue cracks in the steel of tankers reach their critical length, the Titan reached a critical point. It could have been the adhesives used to hold the titanium rings to the hull, the carbon fiber, the adhesives between the 1" layers, or some other design flaws. It is clear that Mr. Rush avoided seeking approval because he knew his design was faulty and he could not be modified enough to be approved. It is a shame that four other people lost their lives due to Mr. Rush's ego. I think the legal term is negligent homicide or involuntary manslaughter. Bob

[@LaOwlett]

If you consider the contraction and expansion rates of different materials due to both atmospheric pressure and temperature... it's not just the carbon fiber composite contracting and expanding at different rates to the titanium, but the glue as well. This "joinery" seems to be the most obvious point for potential failure but they only paid attention to the circumference of the hull (hoop stress)... 😱

[@500Pluss]

Stop taking out of your Ass, Bob!

[@leynagh]

@@500Pluss Hmmm . .You only had to write seven words and you still messed up . . Carry on Bob !

[@derekbayless2496]

You should look up Titans dive 80, on the 80th dive on the way back to the surface there was a loud bang, and the acoustic sensor data shows it going off the charts, everyone heard it on the sub. When the investigators overlaid the acoustic data with the hull stress data it lined up perfectly. At the exact time that the loud bang was heard (around 1000m, I think) there was an increase in hull strain on two of the sensors and the strain was increased on the longitudinal axis as well as an increase of hoop strain. The next dive, dive 81, the strain data showed that the hull was not pressurizing the same as it had before. It had previously been a linear graph of the depth to strain, but the new data showed increased stress immediately from 0 - 500m until the strain matched the data on the previous dives, and then it showed the same results on the way back to the surface. The strain sensor data got worse on every dive after that loud bang. They don't have sensor data past like dive 85 I think. I would be interested to see the strain data from the rest of the dives. I bet the carbon fiber hull failed somewhere near where the titanium ring was glued to the carbon fiber pressure hull.

[@PeteOtton]

@@derekbayless2496 They should have stopped after dive 80 and started cutting the hull up to see where it had failed.

[@magnus33john]

The irony here is the data was giving warning they just choose to ignore them

[@Stratelier]

Based on the scale test imploding at 6000+, he probably (mistakenly) thought they had a safety margin of almost 2x, when in reality it was barely over 1x.

[@SharmV]

“The pressure at 1000, 2000, 3000 metres is the same” bro needed to go back to physics class real bad ⚰️

[@CroshVine]

Exactly. It didn't fail, they did.

[@johnconner4695]

or he didn't have enough data or test to know what was a sign and what was not. Likely thought he needed to see a bigger curve or he honestly had someone else look at it who didn't understand either.

[@m96k3y7]

they had financial problems and thats without any proper ceritifactions (which incl. destroying a bunch of real scale units, which he couldnt even afford to make) so they ignored and pushed that one more dive with rich peeps to keep them going, at least thats what it scream to me.,, they knew exactly what was coming up. Delusion, thinking it would last just one more dive to 3-4k?

[@Name-ot3xw]

Just FYI, those nice and neat charts that we got were built by the NTSB, Oceangate never thought to graph the data with reference to depth. Instead they were just looking at events over time.

[@pickleman40]

stand out piece of info to me, if they properly presented their data they could have detected what was almost certainly some manner of structural failure.

[@christophercripps7639]

Yup. DR Kramet & NTSB combined the two data sets of depth v time and strain v time into one of depth v strain. In water, external pressure is linear with depth. Therefore, a depth - strain chart is indicative of pressure - strain that is akin to the familiar stress-strain graphs of strength of materials science.

[@flybywire5866]

I guess Rush didnt want to hear anything not matching his narrative.

[@JJFX-]

Seems odd that his 'patent' indicates comparing such data at specific depths yet he didn't bother to actually do it.

[@biglew1161]

I actually forgot the graph was produced by the N.T.S.B. maybe if Stockton had any concerns about safety they would have done the same and maybe realized something was different after dive 80.

[@bruceheadley7191]

Yeah, an RTM system that alerts you to a potential implosion condition that takes at least 2 hours to escape .. yup, grand logic right there

[@deltasyn7434]

Might as well bring a can of Flex Seal with you on your dive in case of a leak.

[@zmgehlke]

I mean, the RTM did warn them of hull damage several dives ahead of when the sub imploded... so... not the RTM's fault, lol

[@221b-l3t]

It gave them around a 100 hours warning. Clear as day. So the design was fine? Yes it was going to fail but the monitoring system was working as designed. So had they simply listened to what the data was telling them and used a new hull on dive 81, they have been able to keep going for years and years. It's being in an airliner and doing nothing when you hear "woop woop, pull up, terrain".

[@evanfinch4987]

@221b-l3t is smart. op is not.

[@PeteOtton]

@@deltasyn7434 At those depths, a leak will cut through glass or steal cleanly.

[@fogcat5]

Rush invented the submarine "tip-n-tell" sticker. It's a small square plastic sticker filled with colorful pellets. If it's smashed into a pile of dust, that means the sub imploded.

[@Lucky9_9]

ROFL stop 🤣🤣🤣

[@travisbell1988]

I think you're giving him too much credit. These KZbin videos are his alert system that his sub imploded.

[@Lucky9_9]

@Walter_Be It's a sticker that you put on a shipping container. If something you are shipping MUST be kept upright, you use this sticker on it. The sticker has a little measuring device in it that measures how much the container has been tipped, by the degree of tilt. So if at any point the container was tipped 15 degrees while it was being shipped, the sticker will show that when it reaches its destination. It's for shipments where there is a reason why whatever is being shipped cannot be tipped. For example a precisely tuned piece of equipment that will be damaged if it is tipped past a certain angle... .. or say in the case where you need to know whether your submersible made it to the destination and back in one piece... 😅

[@SuiLagadema]

Former army. We double check our parachutes, and then somebody else also double checks our parachute, and even the jump master will check your parachute. Not only you have 2 or 3 people double checking your equipment, you also have a spare parachute that was also checked and if we have the slightest doubt about somebody's webbing, risers, etc, he's not jumping. We volunteered to jump from the ass-end of a plane into a combat zone, but we won't let somebody jump if we see a tangled line in their equipment. You know you're doing something risky if the army is triple checking your equipment beforehand.

[@WillBlindYouWithLight]

You should check out the db cooper case also.... He knew what he was doing.

[@milesdyson5211]

Lesson learned, never visit the Titanic in a Pringles can!

[@abelis644]

Right??? Glad they did it before me, I was just thinking of doing that myself... 😂

[@-Gumbo]

That system recorded the defects per dive, not the overall damage. They really should have added them up

[@RadioMcRadioface]

Like "Congrats on the powerpoint, Skipper. Now do something with all that info."

[@zmgehlke]

Yeah, I don't think the RTM failed. I think OceanGate failed to listen to the RTM warnings -- much like they ignored other safety protocols, lol

[@Alan_Stinchcombe]

The strain gauge data provided evidence of cumulative damage, except that no one at OceanGate seemed to be interpreting those data.

[@stellviahohenheim]

The acoustic warning system did work, but Stockton decided to ignore it and told his passengers that it's normal to hear loud bangs during a dive

[@biglew1161]

agree with all comments, the system look liked it worked but they failed to look at or interpret any data especially dive 80 and up. you had an audible event and didn't look at the strain gauges or dismissed the data it showed.

[@PeterM1-qx1tz]

This system is comparable to an airbag giving you notice an accident is about to happen.

[@GlutenEruption]

It actually worked fine and gave plenty of advanced warning- they just didn't bother heeding the warnings, or even analyzing it or comparing it from one dive to the next.

[@NijiflianBustock]

It like a few drives before the accident your airbag beeps

[@NicholasAndre1]

Yeah I would also argue that the data pretty clearly showed the hull was dying. They heard a giant bang and it obviously showed a change in strain profile.

[@PortsmouthCherokee]

Well an airbag goes off when what could go wrong goes wrong.

[@mattwyrick8394]

Yeah, a real time monitoring system is useless when you need ahead of time warning.

[@markmaki4460]

Three more data point sets would have just been three more data point sets ignored by the supreme god of innovative mushification.

[@SammyNeedsAnAlibi]

Great show. As a retired Navy Submariner, I know exactly what you are talking about and love the way you break it down for Laymen to understand- good job. My only comment is that I personally think that he TURNED-OFF those 3 sensors, because if you look at the diagrams of the wreckage and where they think the crack of doom began, it started right where at least 1 of the sensors was- right where they bolted the forward dome onto the hull. I know hundreds of Submariners and they all agree that as soon as they say that death trap didn't have an escape hatch and the "normal" way to enter and exit the thing was bolted on- NONE of us would ever go underwater in that thing, not even to just 10 feet. Lastly, if they used Boeings suggestion to go with a 10 inch hull, based on how pathetic and flawed they made the 5 inch hull, the same result would of happened sooner or later. Maybe 10-15 more dives than Titian, but no mistake, it would eventually suffer the same fate. Spheres- using spheres is the key. Have you ever looked at a cut-away of a Navy DSRV? Spheres.... we used spheres, and so did James Cameron, because it's the absolutely best way to deal with extreme pressures.

[@Spamhard]

Big agree on the thickness. I'm no submariner, but I worked for years with composites and carbon fibre, and imo that thing could have been 50inches thick and likely the same result would have happened eventually (especially with how poorly it was built with sanding down layers, not in dust free environ etc). Granted, I worked with lightweight car builds and body panels, but a delam is a delam is a delam, doesn't matter where on the car panel it is, thickest or thinnest point oif body work, it's still a delam that will be a failure point. Plus many theorise the failure was around the glue connection between the titanium ring and the carbon hull, where thickness again wouldn't have made any difference.

[@esathegreat]

escape hatch would have been of no use anyway

[@blarghmcblarghson1903]

Really makes one wonder if Rush was suffering some kind of neurological disorder, he was so adverse to listening to warnings that he even ignored his own. Feels like he would've jumped out an airplane without a parachute just to spite anyone who told him it's _kinda_ dangerous.

[@lynnokrzynski8720]

He had what is commonly known as delusions of grandeur. Meaning he was a 1st class A1 narcissist. So yes, he had a psychological disorder....but not a neurological disorder.

[@davidh7414]

Dunning-Kruger effect?

[@thewhitefalcon8539]

​@@lynnokrzynski8720 there's KZbin videos about armchair overdiagnosis of narcissism

[@bobbygetsbanned6049]

He reminds me of some people I know, room temp IQ but believe they are the smartest person to ever live, so no one can ever tell them anything.

[@JennySimon206]

​@@lynnokrzynski8720imo psychological disorders are neurological ones. They can reduce the DCM book down to two words: Brain damage. Brain damage affects everyone different. Large enough sample size and u can group them, slap a new name on it and get funding for treatments, drugs usually. That don't work.. Usually this damage is from infections. Viruses, parasites ect. Look into the Alzhiemers fraud and HSV1

[@mt_baldwin]

Yes, I do think the real time monitoring system actually worked. Now not in the way Rush said it would, warning them of imminent collapse, but it was giving off warnings (tons of them) several dives in advance. Rush just ignored them. This disaster really reminds of so many other engineering disasters caused by negligence. Like the Sampoong dept store collapse for example. The people responsible overburdened the building until it was unsafe, and they knew what they were doing was unsafe. Then even when the building itself was giving off tons of advanced warnings, cracks in the foundation and support pillars, dreadful vibrations, they did nothing to stop it and kept using the building right up until the end, they ignored every warning because the negative financial implications were too great for them. Denial at its most powerful, dangerous and deadly.

[@hopefultraveller1]

Thanks again, Jeff - incisive, detailed, well-reasoned exploration. By the end of your video it crossed my mind that a great deal could be learned from the Titan disaster about materials and designs (and RTMs!) in hostile environments, with this kind of examination of the many factors.

[@JGD185]

I'm I'm Tampa and Milton just came through. Power is out for everyone here. I love your Titan videos and you're helping me get through this while I wait for power to be restored. Keep the videos coming!

[@ellenkass9410]

Hope you are ok.🌺

[@JGD185]

​@@ellenkass9410 yes I'm ok, thanks. Some minor damage around ny home and a fallen power line, but the worst part right now is no power and it's so humid! Thankfully I can charge my phone and watch these videos.

[@ANGAHMONTOYA]

​@@JGD185 You don't have a generator?

[@JGD185]

​@@ANGAHMONTOYA nope, but I'll definitely be getting one after this!

[@hyperturbotechnomike]

I'm from Europe, what is happening there? I hope it's not flooding. be safe.

[@headphone307]

This channel has offered the best information for the Titan sub on the internet, very well reasoned and explained and great voice too! I also liked that you brought up the third titanium ring, which I had thought of too!

[@ragerwager565]

Hey thanks for another Titan video. One long time request- please note the audio volume of sound effects in your videos. It’s very jarring when you’re talking calmly then suddenly a loud alarm plays. Thank you

[@leandabee]

😅yes, I near jumped through the roof myself 🤦🏼‍♀️.

[@ashs4022]

He thought, the failure would “look the same” for a different vehicle. That’s wild.

[@kushologist_420]

I'm completely addicted to these videos

[@chenango303]

I was checking your channel this morning for an update, and I just needed to be a little more patient. Thank you for being my #1 go-to!!

[@steamfan7147]

Okay, some back of the napkin math- Titan's carbon fiber hull was 66 inches in diameter and 99.6 inches long. 66 x 3.14= 207.4 inches in circumference Pressure at the depth of the Titanic is roughly 6,000 lbs per square inch So, 207.4 x 6,000 = 1,243,440 pounds of compressive load per linear inch of hull length Hull length 99.6 inches x 1,243,440 = 123,846,624 lbs of total compressive load. But we also have to add in the load added by the spherical end caps Surface area of a 66 in diameter hemisphere is 13,684.78 square inches 13,684.78 x 6,000 = 82,108,680 lbs compressive load So if we add 82,108,680 + 123,846,624 we get 205,955,304 lbs of compressive load at depth. This should give everyone an idea of the incredible stresses involved. This can be handled by Carbon fiber *if* there are no lay up defects, no voids or delamination defects. The reason it is important that the assembly be free of defects, is because as wall thickness increases, the stress gradients in the hoop and radial stress increase. Enter the snap buckling mentioned in testimony. Here is a link to a paper published in 1990 regarding snap buckling in composite structures- gkardomateas.gatech.edu/Journal_papers/23_Kardom_CompSciTech.pdf The risk is great enough, even when a perfect lamination/ fiber lay up is achieved. Having a wavy lay up defect like Titan did is actually conducive to a snap buckling moment occurring. Adding in voids and delamination defects and it becomes a ticking time bomb. Once again, there are VERY good reasons why we don't see cylindrical and carbon fiber hulls at those depths. Some rules cannot be broken.

[@tornagawn]

How about if you sand out the wrinkles thus cutting through fibres? 🫣

[@Grunchy005]

I did a small epoxy project recently and was shocked at just how much air bubbles are entrained in the substance. There is one sure-fire way to get rid of the bubbles and that is to prepare the epoxy in a vacuum and perform the layup in a vacuum. Obviously, that costs a little more. OceanGate implosion = 300 sticks of dynamite ====> kzbin.info/www/bejne/mZe8gnmopcShftU

[@tornagawn]

@Walter_BeYes, unfortunately

[@WaveForceful]

@Walter_Beyeah to glue on the caps too

[@laurencebois5119]

The way I see it, Rush was probably told about the changes in data but didn't want to replace the hull because he was a cheap A55 and didn't want to make the expense. I've seen it many times before in my line of work, management rarely listen to the warnings given by the people performing the preventative maintenance.

[@chrismaverick9828]

Yes, but generally those people are smart enough not to let their lives depend on their own miserly ways. This was hell and gone an Ego matter. He had an idea, people said it was stupid and dangerous, and he had to prove them wrong since it was HIS idea. He ignored the dangers because he knew he was right. But he wasn't.

[@memeier9894]

I would argue he was right, his sub made lets call it 80 successful dives, had he graphed and used the data correctly, he should have concluded that sub had reached the end of its service life, he could have salvaged usable parts off of it, taken those, and built another, while updating the design, and further improving it, and led the way in improving submersible designs. However , he failed to do this... though had he, he very well could have lived a long, and very prosperous life taking people to the bottom of the ocean, for many years.

[@maryearll3359]

​@@chrismaverick9828Their own lives at risk - not forgetting the 4 other souls who died ad well. That makes me really cross and sad - you shouldn't put other souls at risk, you can do what you like with yours. ❤

[@serjonunes181]

35 years ago when I was a junior engineer, someone told me that standards are some thing we must comply with and can rely on, since they compraise all human knowledge in a particular field. I was also told that standars are written in blood, which I thought a little dramatic back then. Anyway, Rush should have learned these lessons.

[@kosmosXcannon]

Which is ironic since the Titanic sunk, it probably lead to alot of standards being made.

[@curtcoeurdelion]

Stockton Rush - the only guy to successfully murder two billionaires simultaneously.

[@tiffanyray5360]

I AM a skydiver and parachute packer and I cannot believe how unmanaged this risk taking adventure was.

[@rickylandry9979]

I used to fix a fleet of trucks for a guy that had the same personality traits as Stockton. The best way I can explain how he was is “fake it till ya make it”.

[@tashatsu_vachel4477]

The moment he started sanding down 'wrinkles' he reduced the effective thickness greatly, but there are so many individual failures that it is astounding it lasted as long as it did.

[@tashatsu_vachel4477]

@Walter_Be Yep, totally compromising the one inch layer itself, but worse than that, several one inch layers are less resistant than a single layer of the same thickness, by between 15% and 35% depending on the material. Sanding down the wrinkles could have wiped 10% off the strength too as it is creating holes in the material that will then itself be enclosed by the next layer. If the safe thickness was 10" wound in a single layer, the 5" actually used may have been as low as half that again due to the way it was made. Once it had expanded and contracted several times it was inevitable what would happen. I am quite impressed it lasted so long really, the monitoring data clearly shows issues were developing, it just seems nobody knew what the signs meant. I think the 'sanding down' is covered in the previous video Jeff did, but it is certainly in several of the videos online, they almost seemed proud they were making it all nice and flat.

[@CarolChillsCasually]

Thanks for posting these videos. Been fascinated by this event since it happened last year. I’ve learned so much just following you and others videos.

[@ckhound1]

I think, as others have pointed out, the issue is that it wasn't looked at cumulatively but as a one-to-one basis. Like they didn't do the comparisons or ignored that it was getting worse. Whats worse, as you said, is that even though this is totally reactionary, it actually worked, they just ignored it.

[@Zeknif1]

They really should have tested two pressure hulls to failure in that lab with the system. One to determine the limit of the pressure hull when brand new. And another that would be subjected to numerous dives at 2/3rds the point of failure to gauge whether repeat dives would reduce the design’s crush depth over time.

[@abn82dmp]

@@Zeknif1 You mean proper testing then????

[@bobbygetsbanned6049]

@@Zeknif1 Right but even 2 wouldn't be enough to prove the monitoring system works. For them to prove the monitoring system works they'd have to have a large enough sample size to show they could reliably predict the failure before it occurred, and early enough to get back to safety. It would be something like: if x defects and y strain occurs we have a 99.7% chance of aborting before the hull fails. But that would require a lot of testing and data, which they never did.

[@memeier9894]

Had he graphed the data correctly, and stopped when anomalies began to occur, he very likely would still be alive. I argue the fact that he made 80 successful dives in this contraption a massive success... had he had the information presented that this sub had reached the end of its service life, and then taken the steps to salvage this one, and build a new one, then I don't think we would be having this conversation... Unfortunately that isn't the case here, and ifs and buts were candy and nuts we would all have a merry Christmas... but I think my point still stands.

[@pirrracy]

Like waiting for the hammer to strike the primer to alert you a bullet is about to fire. Genius.

[@arnaudt3935]

It's crazy that this amateur sensor detection system even worked, but they still ignored it. The sub should have been reformed after n°81 dive. The graphs are crystal clear

[@bobbygetsbanned6049]

No, the graphs are only crystal clear after the fact. If you record issues, with zero data saying x amount of issues equals failure, what does that tell you? Nothing... They weren't smart enough to collect the required data to predict a failure before putting people in the sub, now we have that data, but they died in the process of collecting it. It's like me telling you you've burned 20 gallon of gas, but we don't know how much the tank holds, does that info alone tell you how much gas you have left? No.

[@arnaudt3935]

@@bobbygetsbanned6049 When you have 80 results stable, and one result which show an extension of the hull simultaneously to the biggest sound ever heard (and recorded), it is enough to conclude that the hull is very probably damaged, and it's time to stop. To answer what you are saying, they did 8 dives after the one i'm speaking of, and all of them shows the same patern in the graph. They didn't died on the specified collected data dive, they dived (and died) knowing it ! (not the victims, but the suicidal crazy CEO man did know it for sure )

[@bobbygetsbanned6049]

@@arnaudt3935 Yet they had that data and thought it was fine. Yes it changed, but they still dove with it because they didn't have clear limits set on this = failure, it was just a guess.

[@BetaDude40]

It's also worth mentioning that the NTSB made these graphs and actually displayed the data. The operators at Ocean Gate either didn't graph their data based on orders, or just didn't find it important enough

[@arnaudt3935]

@@BetaDude40 It's worth mentioning, you'r right. So i could correct saying, they didn't know because they didn't analyse their data. I didn't get that it was NTSB graphs.

[@passat4862]

I'm enjoying the titan uploads! Thank you!

[@markmurto]

The RTM System did work and warn them, but they failed to look at the warning signs.

[@theshape3988]

They didn't misinterpret the data. They didn't care period

[@whisperedarcc6543]

Every interview of Stockton-Rush is a masterclass in self delusion. Each quote has aged like milk.

[@Just.A.T-Rex]

Thank you for your in depth no bs content. Just thanks!

[@Gibbo263]

I don’t think they misinterpreted it, I think they knew exactly what was going on but still chose to ignore it

[@movzhepok]

Hello Jeff, thanks a lot for your awesome videos on the Titan "gate" ! Just to let you know, I think there is a little "verbal typo" if I can say - at 18:55 you mentions 6500m but I think you meant psi ! Your inputs on this tragic story were much appreciated - this is an amazing job that bigger newsmedia that have followed the story should take example on.

[@imjoekang]

I find these videos interesting, Thanks Jeff

[@UGLEE]

Great Titan submersible content Jeff. Thanks

[@martinschlegel1823]

So for me as a Software Engineer and consultant, the lesson would be: test more, do repeated pressure cycles on test hulls, and if the vessel is really experimental, try it unmanned and try it a lot.

[@andyf.724]

Very interesting, please continue with this topic! How it sank, I thought to myself...well, it happened! But what's behind it is like something out of a crime thriller! Greetings from Germany!

[@thoughtful_criticiser]

They only tested the third scale model to 108.33% of the submersible maximum dive depth whilst the industry standard is 150%. This safety margin is too small. Titan could be viewed as not having one hull but five. Each one inch hull was glued to the adjacent hulls.

[@221b-l3t]

And it looks like most of those hull segments seperated. It was definetly a weak point.

[@v.roni007]

Many thanks for you continued coverage .

[@tjroelsma]

Experts: "Stockton, can you give us proof, like test-results, that your carbon fiber hull can handle the stress from the dives?" Stockton Rush: "Nah, it'll be fine, because I SAY it'll be fine."

[@redrumtruecrime]

Really informative video, the best I've seen (and I've seen a LOT.) None have mentioned the stress and strain acoustic sensors! Thank you for explaining it all so simply! 😊

[@Gazr965]

If something brittle starts making a sound on extreme compression, then I think it is too late, at least steel is more malleable, ok it would be heavier, cost more to transport, but they would probably all be here today after their trip to the Titanic. Gaz UK

[@thareallaura01]

Checked like because Jeff knows what he's talking about period!❤❤❤ I send everyone here!

[@FartyPants49]

Oh geez just realised. Stockton Rush quote “you’ll be remembered for the rules you break” wow, he was right!

[@eldritchia]

Once again Stockton Rush seems like a prime case of narcesism

[@KreativityFields]

I’ve worked with enough sign companies to know that if any bubbles show up after printing or layering stickers on the surface, that you have to redo the sign entirely. Which costs money. Which is why you work hard to make sure that doesn’t occur in the first place. Having bubbles in the casing just screams failure to me from the start 😬

[@artiem5262]

thank you for the clear analysis and presentation! And I appreciate it coming from an engineer! Not a very good warning system if the time between detecting the precursor event (noise or strain gauge disturbances) and the catastrophic event is measured in milliseconds...

[@torben777]

Two commenrs: Firstly you could argue that the RTM did work. It gave plenty warning, and had anyone been actually checking the data it gave, the accident would never have happened. Secondly, I would not rule out that he did see the data. He could not afford to start over again with a 3rd hull, so I think he deliberately ignored it. I even suspect that the three non-working sensors had been turned off on purpose because they gave too many warnings.

[@221b-l3t]

"The fire alarm is blaring!" "Thank, I'll lower the volume, that is annoying!"

[@georgepoutine6843]

Thanks Jeff, another excellent video

[@Iconoclasher]

You can skydive without a parachute. But you need a parachute to skydive twice. 🤔

[@JamesThomas-zl9er]

Best comment I’ve read all day😂

[@abelis644]

True!!! 😅

[@abn82dmp]

As a former US Army Paratrooper, I find this sickly funny! We were told in Jump School "If your main chute fails, you have a reserve. If your reserve fails, you have the rest of your life to figure it out..."

[@Iconoclasher]

@@abn82dmp I like that one 👍

[@doctordifferentialspeedsho9506]

Let’s make a 10 inch hull and try it lol!! Love this channel!

[@davecrupel2817]

The how, and the why, for every hole in this collossal swiss cheese, can be encapsulated into just two words: *Stockton.* *Rush.*

[@TheOriginalCFA1979]

Stockton’s Swiss cheese was more like the crust cut off a sandwich. Or a stack of doughnuts.

[@221b-l3t]

​​​@@TheOriginalCFA1979 As a Swiss person I can confirm Swiss cheese (Emmentaler anyway, it has holes) does still mostly consist of cheese. There are holes but there should also be cheese otherwise it's just Swiss air. Okay sorry that's not appropriate considering Swissair 111 lies not that far from Titan.

[@billcampbell9611]

Retired engineer here…risking human life, ignoring industry regulations is an egregious violation of my professional code of conduct. All because he believed “innovation” was more important than following tried-and-true engineering principles. A spherical steel hull might not have been “innovative” but it would work safely (and probably even less expensive in the long run) especially factoring in the cyclical stress loading (pressure, then no pressure, repeatedly) and rough handling conditions of maritime service.

[@Dante-ki4ol]

Don't worry, The Roberts Supreme Court will rule that engineering & science are illegal soon. No more problems!

[@katv1195]

Yes it reminds me of the people who strap small jet engines to a car to go fast, because it worked for Wyle E Coyote. And they have all the lack care and immaturity of a 10 year old boy playing with fireworks. Rush seemed to be under the illusion that all failures would happen near the surface.

[@juliem6696]

As an engineer with 28 years experience reviewing data this video says exactly what I was thinking when I first heard of Rush's detection system. That is it would likely produce some anomalies that may predict a problem before it occurred. BUT, how would anyone know how to interpret the data? What does a problem look like? Do you scrap the entire hull if there's an anomaly? Rush and the team saw what they wanted to see, which is always the problem with reviewing complex data and one is biased towards a particular conclusion. It's a system that could work in theory, but not in practice. The other issue, of course, is what if it gives you a 5-minute warning, but the surface is 2 hours away? Also, post-dicting an event is entirely different than predicting one and then taking action.

[@elizabethb4634]

good stuff thanks

[@richardbell7678]

What probably doomed the Titan submersible was the rule that you do not mix titanium and carbon fiber elements. My gut feeling is that the titanium end rings and the carbon fiber hull did not have the same compressibility, so they reacted to the increasing pressure by different amounts. Both elements would react to the increasing pressure by reducing their diameter, but they would not compress by the same amount, left to their own devices. However, the construction of the Titan forces the end rings and the cylinder to be the same diameter, at the glue joint. To stay at the same diameter, some of the load on the element that compresses more is transferred to the element that compresses less, and this stress is transferred as a shear load on the glue joint. The evidence that backs up my gut feeling is the condition of the forward end ring. There is no carbon fiber attached to the forward end ring, because the glue failed. If the carbon fiber cylinder would compress more than the titanium end ring, and the glue joint failed, the load needed to keep the carbon fiber cylinder the same diameter as the titanium end ring would be dumped on to the inner lip of the end ring, which was completely sheared off. I would be willing to risk a small amount of money that the reason that someone at Boeing advocated for a ten inch thick cylinder wall was to match the compressibility of the two sections to prevent shear loading the glue joint.

[@Navarth]

I am not an expert or ingeneer so the whole issue is difficult to understand for me. But this video gave me an idea what happened. Thank you for this.👍👍👍👍👏

[@bill6255]

I plan to license Dr. Rush's sensor patent from his estate. I'll be so rich!

[@richardpowles-brown2775]

Thanks. the supporting hoops sound like a good idea, but I would be worried about localised deformation damage where they touch the main hull?

[@alanmacification]

How could he even be interpreting anything. He had no baseline calibration to say what any sounds meant in terms of the vessel's integrity. It could have just said it was Leprechauns for all the evidence he had.

[@jimfisher7324]

There are baseline information for acoustic emission from laminates, but most of them are for laminates in tension rather than compression.

[@Spamhard]

Was that not the point of the video Jeff showed where the Oceangate crew were using a model under pressure? I thought they were testing, to scale, the diifferent sound readings under different pressures to create a baseline calibration. Not saying they tested it well, and imo they should have done this over MANY scale models, not just a single one, plus they should have had at least one model that was consistently brought up and down in pressure to represent multiple dives. Do that 100+ times to test the structure and the sound readings.

[@alanmacification]

@Spamhard He couldn't afford that, and without destroying tens or even hundreds of hulls, he was only speculating and NOT gathering any real data.

[@Spamhard]

@@alanmacification I know he couldn't afford it, and likely didn't think it was necessary because he's insane. But yeah. there WAS a baseline calibration done, even if it was just on one scale model. The irony is, it kinda did work, it was just ignored.

[@bobbygetsbanned6049]

EXACTLY!!! They never did any testing to prove they could predict a failure, so the noise was just noise. It was literally impossible for them to interpret the data correctly because they had nothing to base their decision on. It's like me telling you you burned 20 gallons of gas, but we don't know how much the tank holds, that doesn't tell you how munch longer you can drive before filling up.

[@pshawc1]

My guess is that the proposed 10-inch hull would have endured several more pressure cycles but still would have eventually imploded, just like the 5-inch one.

[@maiasdad]

Even if reinforcing the hull with steel rings would help (I doubt it), Stockton Rush will not allow it because of the added weight. He decided to use carbon fiber because it saved him weight and, most importantly, money when operating.

[@eerielamp]

Exactly- the same accident would have hpapened in the unsupported areas of CF... By the time you start adding reinforcements for structural support, you might as well ensure the pressure is evenly distributed and make the entire hull out of the stronger mat'l.

[@darkbeach72]

I think we're seeing a Dunning-Kruger effect here. Stockton thought he was a lot smarter than he actually was. I'm not a professional engineer by any means, but even I know that a pressure hull needs to be a sphere at those pressures. You did a good job of commenting on this info. Why did it fail? Probably all of the above. The layered construction with successive autoclave curing processes, the shape, imperfections in the application of adhesive. The idea that a "real time" monitoring system would do anything at all is just absurd. That's like holding a gun to your head and putting a microphone in front of it and saying "oh it's fine, the mic will pick it up before the bullet hits me".

[@mitsnevets]

why was Stockton Rush hell bent on using a carbon fiber cylinder rather than a steel sphere ?

[@benjaminthomasson]

Money. More passengers equals more money.

[@ginog5037]

Money 💰

[@blessedheart3917]

weight to buoyancy, if you use steel you have to use expensive foam to surround it to make it more buoyant.

[@polarvortex3294]

Yeah, like he 👆 said, carbon fiber was cheaper, and the cylindrical shape allowed more passengers and a better experience (if you lived, and if the terrifying cracking sounds didn't leave you with PTSD). Also, as I understand it, the carbon fiber was much lighter and required less foam-type-stuff to give it the right buoyancy, which allowed it to be more compact -- two factors which together meant Oceangate could rent a smaller mother-ship to carry it out to sea, which, again, would reduce expenses. Of course, ironically, that last season they had to downsize the mother-ship even more, which meant they towed Titan out to sea, which meant it could have been much heavier then after all.

[@toddabowden]

Like others said, money. Plus he got a great deal on expired carbon fiber that Boeing could no longer use.

[@ruperterskin2117]

Right on. Thanks for sharing.

[@justjones5430]

The Carbon Fibre was sub-standard in the first place! And I don't mean Submarine Standard, I mean 'old, left on a shelf that nobody else would use' standard! 😮

[@221b-l3t]

Can we make a 777 out of that? No! Okay let's make a submersible! The cream is too old to use in baking, so let's just drink it!

[@EvilXtianity]

He bought it from Boeing's expired stock. It was literally past its expiration date.

[@PetesGuide]

@Jeffostroff at 18:50 I think you’re slightly wrong about the test failure being at 6,500 meters. I think it was at 6,500 psi, which is much closer to 4,000 meters than to 6,500 meters.

[@booterone1]

Although far from identical, the carbon fiber versus titanium, reminds me of a Corvette body versus a metal body. On a fender bender the fiberglass doesn't bend, it fractures and breaks on an impact where on a steel fender, it will just push it in some.

[@joefish6091]

Ferrari found this out in the UK when their first prototype CF car got bumped in a gas station and fell apart.

[@gagaplex]

I heard elsewhere that they cured the hull, but didn't actually fully autoclave it with vacuum or high pressure methods.

[@1verstapp]

perhaps the monitor was made with the same slapdash attitude as the rest of that cowboy operation. or maybe it worked perfectly and announced 'hull will implode in 10secs'. which is a great consolation when you're 4km down...

[@thewhitefalcon8539]

It gave them warning 8 dives before the failure

[@tclyde865]

That is a man so determined to accomplish a goal and dream for himself he just decided to push on through without heeding any warnings from anyone or anything. Crazy

[@PetesGuide]

Jeff-with what I know about the psychology of people like him, it’s fairly likely even if the warning system went off, Stockton wouldn’t believe it and keep going.

[@eadweard.]

Have you studied this sort of thing?

[@PetesGuide]

@@eadweard. Yes, on the receiving end and in other ways. It’s even more unpleasant than what came out in the Titan hearings. In particular, I’ve spent oodles of time over the past two decades looking for ways to teach management how to spot such people and stop the damage they do, with extremely limited success. And the results of those successes are unpleasant and career destroying for me, not them, even as they continue to destroy the organization. I saw this happen in my local Red Cross, and was unable to stop their damage. Even the best psychologists I’ve talked to on the topic don’t have good solutions.

[@bb-r7t]

if he had warnings at 2500m, how long would it take them to surface?

[@robertpresha9504]

Did not know that part 😮.

[@user60521123]

The sad part is not that SR took risks. I think it’s admirable to be willing to take risks-it’s that he took risks that weren’t at all necessary. To me that’s the difference between bravery and stupidity. He took his life and his paying passengers lives out of sheer stupidity.

[@7thsluglord363]

If those RTM sensors were glued to the inside, would it then not be possible for the outer layers to be delaminating with no sign on the sensors?

[@Chris11249]

I was assuming that they had sensors at various levels of thickness, not just the very inside. In hindsight, it didn't really matter because such poor engineering can't be saved by instrumentation.

[@221b-l3t]

They detected noise and delamination is noisy.

[@7thsluglord363]

@@221b-l3t they detected stretching and compression, and if the outer layer is separating from the inner, its not gonna pick that up. Different sensors picked up the noise.

[@Alan_Stinchcombe]

18:30 @jeffostroff, even assuming that OceanGate built a validly scaled hull model for the destructive test, you suggested that Rush may have equated a pressure of 6500 psi with a depth of 6500 m. While that’s the right order of magnitude, such a conversion is too lax. Depending on the average density of the ocean in the water column, each metre of depth is equivalent to a pressure difference of about 1.5 psi. So 6500 psi would be reached at a depth of only 6500/1.5 ~ 4300 m, seriously eroding any presumed safety margin over the desired operational depth of 3,800 m.

[@Larkinchance]

Tensile strength is not the same as maintaining structural integrity under compression.

[@beefgoat80]

@11:08 the guy sounds like one of my physics professors. My professor would say "Okay?" every time he explained a little detail while lecturing. "Professor, why are the unit vectors always i and j?" "All of the other letters are taken. Okay?" 😂😂😂😂

[@kharmachaos667]

I was literally thinking the same exact thing. You wouldn't have happened to study at UCI, would you?

[@fromaggiovagiola9128]

Any word on Stockton's toupee?

[@toddabowden]

RIP

[@joefish6091]

Send the Triest bathyscaphe down to salvage it.

[@Nunyafbiz]

I can’t unsee Peter Krause the six feet under and 911 actor playing Stockton rush in a movie lol

[@macmac1022]

Someone was saying it would have cost about $25,000 to get it x-rayed and checked, he could have easily afforded that per dive.

[@TheJCJexe]

Any chance you can do a video on other submersibles that are successful, safe, and why they work?

[@Disinterested1]

having worked with fibreglass/ carbon fibre/ Kevlar among other materials that got used here EVERYTHING with the construction rings bells for me! they even reduced the wall thickness from the original design ffs! and to then think they expected to hear a crack BEFORE total failure! that isn't how fibreglass fails! or any other fibre resin material! as for an "early warning" system putting deflection rods the length of the hull would monitor the deflection so let you know how much the hull is compressing in real time if testing HAD been done they would have had a failure point and then a safety cut off point for a maximum hull deformation prior to failure I truly believe this actually CAN be done because the military had already done just that! but they used PROFESSIONALS and listened to ENGINEERS even then historically people have DIED to new designs! there is NO substitute for testing ! his hubris mixed with a "close enough" attitude to "fake it till you make it" cost lives and with every new discovery this looks less and less like an "accident" and more like a foregone conclusion! such a sad and needless loss for the families all for one man's ego

[@brettrace]

Its amazing what you find after a disaster, like that intact ratchet strap. I remember finding certain tools after a building fire that i was sure i would never see again. It saddens me to hear people struggle to understand why the tail section was relativity in-tact, but I guess people just don't understand how pressure works.

[@naturgrel]

Stockton was a B.S. artist. He wanted to dream huge on a cheap beer budget. At 5:36 you can tell even he doesn't believe the 💩 that he's selling.

[@finksburg7380]

I imagine the issue he had with a sphere is it can't fit as many people. Thank you for your insight.

[@englishfam9675]

The 1/3rd model didn’t implode at 6500 meters it failed at 6500 psi big difference it’s about 4500 meters or 15000 feet

[@chrislambert9435]

Jeff, we would call the RMT system "Bolting the stable door after the Horse has bolted" . . . Chris . . . Norwich, England

[@LastGoatKnight]

1:16 I still just love the clip where Rush quotes this from McArthur. Considering he was the one who wanted to nuke Vietnam. I'm not saying that McArthur is a bad person, I mean there's a reason why many people remember him but ironic that Rush used this quote specifically.

[@johnnyg3166]

He screwed up the defense of the phillipines. And he was called dugout Doug for a reason. And he wanted to nuke North Korea/china during the Korean War. President Truman fired him as commander

[@kytalksrap]

McArthur was literally a war criminal lmao but he was American so nobody cares. When McArthur is your role model you’re seriously fucked

[@maureenwalsh4305]

How were the ends cut off? What tool did they use?

[@EDP1]

I would love to see the remote on the bottem .

[@-Gumbo]

I'll bet it still works, unlike anything else on that pos