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Joan W. Scott (professor emerita, School of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study) uses psychoanalytic teaching about sex differences to theorize a comment she made 30 years ago: "gender constructs politics and politics constructs gender." Scott argues that contrary to criticisms often made of it (a criticism she herself made in 1986), psychoanalysis lets scholars historicize gender. From this perspective, gender does not base its ascription of social roles on the imperatives of physical bodies. Rather, it is a historically and culturally variable attempt to provide a grid of intelligibility for sex as well as for systems of political rule.