John O’Leary-Hawthorne's “The Bundle Theory of Substance and the Identity of Indiscernibles"

[@marcelinohudgson5197]

This is great. Thank you

[@MarmaladeINFP]

It's interesting that you should pick 'blueness' as a universal. Social science research shows that 'blueness' isn't universal. In fact, it's somewhat of a rare concept across cultures, particularly going back in time. It's one of the last of the main colors for languages to develop a term describing it. Without a word for it, research in linguistic relativity shows that humans can't distinguish blue as a singular 'blueness' as separate from dark green, purple, black, grey, etc.

[@TeacherOfPhilosophy]

That does not mean it's not a universal. You're using the word in a different way.

[@MarmaladeINFP]

One could theorize about all kinds of universals. But we can only talk about universals that can be expressed in our language. It's interesting that certain universals more easily and commonly show up in languages. I don't know what that says. One thing, though, is that a claim of a universal is an abstraction. Why would we assume abstractions exist in the world, rather than merely being products of human cognition, language, and culture? Also, another aspect is that a universal is partly a perception, biased accordingly. If we aren't able to perceive something as a universal, we won't be able to develop terminology around it. Nor would we have a motivation to do so. This shouldn't be shocking. It's not as if evolution was pushing the human brain, nervous system, and sensory organs toward that purpose. Unsurprisingly, linguistic culture will affect this as well. There are languages that avoid abstractions. The Piraha language is like that in demanding high specificity in making claims. Overall, oral languages tend to be concrete, not abstract. Why do we project our WEIRD biases onto reality itself?

[@TeacherOfPhilosophy]

​Those are other areas of metaphysics. Focus on something simpler, like a tendency to reflect light in certain wavelengths or being more than three centimeters long or having carbon molecules.

[@MarmaladeINFP]

How the human mind works is as simple and direct to our experience as we can get. How is the study of real world examples of cognition, language, and culture metaphysical? I'd advise not getting lost in abstractions disconnected from such a grounded human level. It's a literary mentality that would be obsessed with a perception of objective reality like scientific descriptions and measurements. There is nothing wrong about that. But it's good to be self-aware of our biases in how we talk and what we talk about.

[@TeacherOfPhilosophy]

It's not simple when the topic is something else, in this case universals. If you're talking about what is real or even about what is not, you're doing metaphysics.

[@mohammadmomani2330]

Hello prof, can you make an introduction to Nietzsche ? I mean his attack on metaphysics(mind,logic,language,truth, the true world etc,) also his attack on hegel's dialectic

[@TeacherOfPhilosophy]

Thanks for the question and interest. I think I do have at least two Nietzsche videos, on Zarathustra and "How the True World Finally Became a Fable." There should probably be more Nietzsche on this channel, I'm sure. An introductory video doesn’t fit into any playlist though, but maybe I should set up a playlist of intros to individual philosophers.

[@mohammadmomani2330]

TeacherOfPhilosophy Great thanks Actually I just want to write a big essay (maybe 3) on Nietzsche's philosophy, and that topics that I talked about are the once that I couldn't arrangement it so far, maybe if you can help with that, (arrangement not explaining or teaching)

[@TeacherOfPhilosophy]

Recommend emailing me. Whether I can help I can't say for sure. But I'll at least be better able to think about it that way. PlatoAndAugustine AT Gmail . com.

[@mohammadmomani2330]

TeacherOfPhilosophy ok

[@mohammadmomani2330]

TeacherOfPhilosophy I sent an email, see if you get it Or email me on mohamadmomani33 AT gmail .com

[@MatrixMaster777]

Sounds Like Satan Is Being Suppressed By Google Algorithms @ Viral Heat^^