Josef Wegner | The Pharaohs of Anubis-Mountain

Josef Wegner, Associate Professor of Egyptian Archaeology from the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Pennsylvania, presents "The Pharaohs of Anubis-Mountain: Archaeological Investigations of a Royal Necropolis at Abydos"
Recent excavations at Abydos in Upper Egypt have revealed an extensive royal necropolis beside a sacred peak: Anubis-Mountain. Here a series of tombs spanning Egypt’s late Middle Kingdom (ca. 1850-1650 BCE) and Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1650-1550 BCE) are helping to illuminate one of the most shadowy eras of Egyptian history. The lecture discusses the twelve royal tombs currently known at Anubis-Mountain, and the most recent results- the excavation in June this year of a tomb likely belonging to king Sobekhotep IV, as well as the discovery of the previously unknown pharaoh Senebkay.
The Oriental Institute Lecture Series, organized by the University of Chicago, brings notable scholars from around the world to present on new breakthroughs, unique perspectives, and innovative research applications related to the Ancient Middle East.
Our lectures are free and available to the public thanks to the generous support of our members. To become a member, please visit: bit.ly/2AWGgF7

[@user-gf2mf4sc6f]

Brilliant, informative and insightful as always Dr. Wegner.

[@purpleunicornmedia]

This is one of my favourite documentaries to watch and rewatch

[@purpleunicornmedia]

King Henry or King George would be a better rhetorical flourish than King Bob or King John

[@GailBecker-MSED-CM-Author]

I agree! I am rewatching right now.

[@terryhughes7349]

Fantastic lecture

[@J2Egypt]

Good lecture, expeditious and covering alot of new unknown material on Abydos. Thank you.

[@bikejoede]

Great lecture! Fascinating look into the distant past. Thank you very much for sharing!

[@GailBecker-MSED-CM-Author]

Thank you so much for putting these lectures on KZbin. I love watching videos, reading books, research, traveling, talking elderly people about their life experiences, and interviewing primary sources and/or experts on Historical events. I especially love Archaeology, Anthropology, Geography, Science, anything Biblical, etc... Moreover, I love anything academic and Biblical even if I have already studied them in grade school, college, graduate school, and church. Yes, I mean church! As a little girl, Black churches back then served as schools for ancient Biblical studies and Black History in addition to attending church on Sunday for religious sermons. Nevertheless, repetition is a good thing for me as I love listening to different perspectives from different experts. 😉🗿🔬📖📚⛪🚗🚐🚝✈😁

[@Wien1938]

Astonishingly beautiful.

[@johannesnicolaas]

Very clear and instructive story. Thank you so much for this.

[@Catonius]

Nice one, cheers.

[@Chris.Davies]

This was a brilliantly informative talk, and I will follow up to see what's happened since 2015. One thing which frustrates me a little when watching these videos is presenters almost never show us where in a tomb a photograph is taken, or from what angle. Context is *always* needed in order to form a mental picture of a tomb we're seeing for the first time.

[@alidhar]

nice lecture

[@markrowland1366]

I love this talk. How many kings and pheroes do we know of? Just so much information in there tombs.

[@keithau8159]

31-40 dynasty of Pharaoh,Egyptian dynasty,processed magical spell from very ancient Egyptian unknown time.Even occupied by Prussian empire but assist by Greek to revoke,pharaoh dynasty still existed for long time until Rome empire and later on Ottoman empire to take over and change the Pharaoh dynasty.

[@Chris.Davies]

Pharaohs aren't heroes. :P

[@QuaaludeCharlie]

Thank you , Man those darn Tomb Robbers , Sadness :\ QC

[@davidchurch3472]

Great lecture, but hang on a minute : the symbols on the 'stamp' are not for a mountain, it is a valley heiroglyph : dyfryn , dyfryd, or way (down).

[@johannesnicolaas]

To find a unknown pharaoh.... what a stunning surprise.

[@RonJohn63]

The tomb robbers seem to have had pretty amazing engineering skills, and the manpower to move *lots* of stone.

[@mastershaw3094]

i was thinking just that lol

[@charlesross9260]

@@mastershaw3094 Weren't they the ones who built the tombs in the first place like the people who robbed the pyramids? Great lecture. Thanks.

[@methylmike]

@@charlesross9260 do you think the steel workers have any idea of the blueprints of a skyscraper?

[@charlesross9260]

@@methylmike The builders were professionals who spent a lifetime at their trade. They knew more about tomb construction than anyone.

[@methylmike]

@@charlesross9260 while yes they were amazing--and im 150% behind that idea, there is no possible way they could know more than the architects. for one, we dont know how they built it today. two, the legends and stories of the supposed builders have stood the test of time better than their masters ie (levant peoples and egyptians). the math and planning just to build the structures is incredible, particularly the latter examples in cairo. the critical pathway to getting them built is beyond comprehension, even by todays standards

[@qcumbers]

Remarkable work on this site! You mention toward the end of the video the "cannibalizing and reuse" of previously created structures and tombs. Cannot the same be said for the amazing "tomb" of Senwosret III? While he may have claimed the structure as his own is there any evidence that he actually built it? I cannot help but think that you have your doubts....

[@Chris.Davies]

Tombs don't generally get re-used in Egypt. A lot of bad juju in that. However, sometimes tombs intended for person A would be used to bury person B. Stop drinking the Younger Dryas garbage and the LAHT rubbish - because that is what it is.

[@workski2]

So you will not show us photos of the further chamber. Hmmmm. Why?

[@assmaster420]

when all the places we have found, emptied the contents to museums, get rediscovered by people in 2 thousand years, are not all considered robbed by tomb robbers? how do we always determine that what we assume is missing is "robbed"?

[@edoboleyn]

Previous tomb raiders didn’t exhaustively record their findings for the foreseeable future and posterity, in order to contribute to the common body of knowledge and support coming generations in their efforts to fully understand the past. 🙄

[@bhavens9149]

so were they using the quartz under pressure to make light? because you certainly wouldn't have wanted fire, which would not have lasted long that deep. would also seem a reason to drag big chunks of quartz down into those tunnels

[@keithau8159]

Ancient high technology civilization before Egypt once lived on Earth but wipe out by ancient cataclysm unknown time.Quartz mining require iron and steel tools and electricity driven tools.Mountain of Annubis in a chamber discovered a huge dark sarcophagus 100 tons similar to Saqqara secret tomb,no way to be done by ancient Egyptian in primitive tools in bronze age period.

[@julianchoque7402]

subtitles please...

[@skabonski]

Are this the "mainstream" timelines?

[@minuterepeater2257]

@Mary C Yeah right, thats the reason. Either way I care more what the indigious wisdom keepers and dr Boulter have to say than this joker.

[@Chris.Davies]

These are the timelines. Period.

[@Chris.Davies]

@@minuterepeater2257 Then you too, are quite literally incapable of separating fact from fantasy, sadly.

[@dsamh]

Pretty rude to take us on the tour without showing that last room.

[@JaneAlwaysWellSaid]

rolling stones mountain?quarry?

[@easygroove]

how TF did they move "a 50 ton granit block" in/into that basement ?

[@keithau8159]

Yeah,amazing,funny and fantastic statement,1 ton equal 2204 pound,how can ancient Egyptian moved 50 tons by pure human horse power without the assistance of animals such as elephants,cows and horses.Wheel not invented until 4500 years ago.Strongly believed the high technology civilization once lived on Earth in Egypt but wipe out by ancient unknown cataclysm in unknown time and the Earth started it over again,strongly proofed those megalithic or sarcophagus of rose and red granite,even 21th all kinds of tools,machine and electricity driven drills,saws and chisels cannot even easy to accomplished at all.Ancient Egyptian knew the truth and they made up stories to cover up the mystery,bizarre and enigma true origin of the ancient civilization prior to Egyptian at all.People can see or watch true wonder and lost ancient high technology of the world in Luxor,Edufu,Karank,Tanis and Abu sir,Abu Rawash=Zawyet EL Aryon,Abu Ghroub/Groub=Stargate,polar to communicate God from Orion Belt,similar to Peru=Arudu Mrudu stargate or polar,also similar to Puma Punkoo,Tawikanko.Are they all make up by current Hollywood movies screen,strongly believed not,while people look at other ancient ruins in Jordan,Petra,Jeresh,Lebonan-Baalbek Jupiter,unfinished obelisk weight 2 thousand tons similar to Egypt Aswan unfinished obelisk,those rock abnormalities as scoop and spoon marks,look like advanc high technology machine making.All above sites shown to people mega megalithic at all.

[@Chris.Davies]

In fact, blocks of 1,000 tons have been moved by people. And blocks between 500 and 800 tons are so common they're all over the place in Egypt. A 50-ton block is dead easy to move, lift, work, and place. It takes a while, but it is not a problem. Every aspect of quarrying, shifting, transporting, erecting, placing, removing, re-working, placing and then finishing has been shown in countless hieroglyphs over time. Just because you are ignorant, and have a poor imagination, please do not insult the wonderfully smart, very talented, and very hard-working Egyptian people.

[@Chris.Davies]

@@keithau8159 You are so ignorant it is quite scary. Humans moved blocks weighing up 1,000 tons regularly. And they moved blocks weighing many hundreds of tons all the time. They litter the Egyptian landscape, in fact. What exactly is the difficulty of shifting a 50-ton block? It's a tiddler! A human can easily pull 1/3rd of their body weight. So, assume a 60kg person - and they can pull 20kg. The maths is easy. 50,000 kilos (50 tons) requires 50,000/20 or 2,500 men. Now, that's the worst possible scenario - pulling up a hill for example. But the Egyptians also used big levers in conjunction with water to drastically reduce the number of men involved. A friend of mine once installed a Gondola in North Korea. There wasn't a helicopter available that would lift the 40-ton pylons, either. And so he had 5,000 North Korean labourers (who were fed less well than the ancient Egyptians!) and he got them to drag the pylons 4 kilometres up the mountain over rough terrain. Are you suggesting what my buddy did to install a Doplemeyer Gondola was impossible? It certainly took longer, and cost a lot more than if a Russian twin-rotor chopper could have been used, but the job was completed in less than 2 years. So only one extra season when constructing it all by hand. He told me that they also carried over 50,000,000 kilograms of concrete up the mountain. How? One man, one bag, and off you go. Job done.

[@easygroove]

@@Chris.Davies "Just because you are ignorant, and have a poor imagination" in your worthless statement you totally forgot about that narrow place where those are placed ...aaaand show us how YOU move a one ton block ....-

[@BobbJones]

Could the Giza plateau be a tombstone, a memorial to the people lost from the great flood? It would give the motivation, the reason it was so big, and so precise.

[@Chris.Davies]

The Giza plateau has always been a graveyard for the ancient Egyptians. There was no biblical-style great flood. We deal in science, not in myth and religion. Science deals with the real world, while myth and religion are super-natural subjects. The reason Giza (and many other desert areas above the Nile) is a graveyard - and the reason it continues to be a graveyard even today (Just drive south along the Giza highway for a few minutes to find a modern and massive city of the dead) is because desert land is useless and unproductive. You'd never consider wasting valuable arable land on tombs when less than 5% of Egypt's area can be used for agriculture. And so areas which are desert, well above the surrounding flood plain, and very close to the edge of it are perfect places to bury your dead, and then visit the gravesites with offerings after burial. But because you believe in an apocryphal biblical flood, you probably don't believe the facts I've laid out for you here.

[@BobbJones]

@@Chris.Davies I dont believe in the biblical flood but I do believe our ancestors had to deal with several different types of cataclysms.

[@BobbJones]

@@Chris.Davies What if ancient people used bigger pots for bigger Baghdad batteries and that's why you see so much broken pottery around ancient sites. What if the ancient people who created pyramids used electricity to cut the monolithic blocks?

[@30121118]

No. The flood was the event meltwater pulse 1b, remembered in cities like gobekli tepe and ancient jericho

[@joseantoniomontoya3964]

It's pronounced Ab"ee"dos not A"bye"dos

[@aeg001]

enjoyed the lecture... except all the ums ahs umm.. so distracting.

[@claudiosaltara7003]

Can they simplify the kings names I am tired to see all these W’s and H’s no one knows how to pronounce?

[@rkpetry]

Why is it called by the Greek assumption, Anubis pronounced 'Ahnoobis', instead of by his Egyptian name, An-Wp enunciated AnWps or AnWpf....

[@keithau8159]

Strongly believed the high technology civilization once lived on Earth in Egypt but wipe out by ancient unknown cataclysm in unknown time and the Earth started it over again,strongly proofed those megalithic or sarcophagus of rose and red granite,even 21th all kinds of tools,machine and electricity driven drills,saws and chisels cannot even easy to accomplished at all.Ancient Egyptian knew the truth and they made up stories to cover up the mystery,bizarre and enigma true origin of the ancient civilization prior to Egyptian at all

[@dctaughtme3371]

Inpw his his name, not An Wp

[@bryan5549]

There was another lesser-known king, who followed after Imhotep, named Imhodium. Apparently, he died from dysentery shortly after ascending to the throne. ;)

[@georgesilverman9218]

your shittin me , right ?

[@randyanderson3077]

Ancient Africans !

[@lapatossu5976]

It's a bit strange listening someone who himself excavates ancient tombs talking about grave robbers.. its' not like he would of left anything behind either, if he'd found anything that is. But a good lecture nonetheless.

[@Jan_von_Gratschoff]

Archaeology is preservation, not looting.

[@hectorosbert]

@@Jan_von_Gratschoff It belongs in a MUSEUM!

[@keithau8159]

Strongly believed the high technology civilization once lived on Earth in Egypt but wipe out by ancient unknown cataclysm in unknown time and the Earth started it over again,strongly proofed those megalithic or sarcophagus of rose and red granite,even 21th all kinds of tools,machine and electricity driven drills,saws and chisels cannot even easy to accomplished at all.Ancient Egyptian knew the truth and they made up stories to cover up the mystery,bizarre and enigma true origin of the ancient civilization prior to Egyptian at all.People can see or watch true wonder and lost ancient high technology of the world in Luxor,Edufu,Karank,Tanis and Abu sir,Abu Rawash=Zawyet EL Aryon,Abu Ghroub/Groub=Stargate,polar to communicate God from Orion Belt,similar to Peru=Arudu Mrudu stargate or polar,also similar to Puma Punkoo,Tawikanko.

[@listenup2882]

@@Jan_von_Gratschoff both. You preserve your loot

[@Chris.Davies]

Archeologists are NOT grave robbers. They never get to keep anything they find, and can't claim ownership of anything they ever find. They document everything, so that future researchers are able to know as much as possible about the artifacts collected for science. Your attitude seriously stinks, sorry.

[@reyasunshyne6510]

No body, stone from 300 miles away with electrical properties and its filled with sulphur.....maybe it's not a tomb.

[@scenicjude]

2Reyanne Brumley

[@keithau8159]

Strongly believed the high technology civilization once lived on Earth in Egypt but wipe out by ancient unknown cataclysm in unknown time and the Earth started it over again,strongly proofed those megalithic or sarcophagus of rose and red granite,even 21th all kinds of tools,machine and electricity driven drills,saws and chisels cannot even easy to accomplished at all.Ancient Egyptian knew the truth and they made up stories to cover up the mystery,bizarre and enigma true origin of the ancient civilization prior to Egyptian at all.People can see or watch true wonder and lost ancient high technology of the world in Luxor,Edufu,Karank,Tanis and Abu sir,Abu Rawash=Zawyet EL Aryon,Abu Ghroub/Groub=Stargate,polar to communicate God from Orion Belt,similar to Peru=Arudu Mrudu stargate or polar,also similar to Puma Punkoo,Tawikanko.Are they all make up by current Hollywood movies screen,strongly believed not,while people look at other ancient ruins in Jordan,Petra,Jeresh,Lebonan-Baalbek Jupiter,unfinished obelisk weight 2 thousand tons similar to Egypt Aswan unfinished obelisk,those rock abnormalities as scoop and spoon marks,look like advanc high technology machine making.All above sites shown to people mega megalithic at all.

[@Moronvideos1940]

All those people who violated the resting places of Anybody...... are doomed to suffer the "Curse of the Pharohs." So there ..........

[@Chris.Davies]

Yeah, and their face will melt off when they open the Ark of the Covenant.

[@orionroberts7971]

Obvious use of giants in the const process..amazing

[@AFatalPapercut]

take a shot every time this dude says tomb

[@jimdocherty3454]

hic...

[@keithau8159]

Strongly believed the high technology civilization once lived on Earth in Egypt but wipe out by ancient unknown cataclysm in unknown time and the Earth started it over again,strongly proofed those megalithic or sarcophagus of rose and red granite,even 21th all kinds of tools,machine and electricity driven drills,saws and chisels cannot even easy to accomplished at all.Ancient Egyptian knew the truth and they made up stories to cover up the mystery,bizarre and enigma true origin of the ancient civilization prior to Egyptian at all

[@tobystewart4403]

So, the roman era folks found it easier to try and drag cut stone from these tombs than to cut it themselves. And then they couldn't even get it out, and had to abandon the effort. Yet this insanely massive stonework was made by Egyptians 2 millennia earlier, who had no iron tooling. And then, above that insanely massive, and curiously square, we see crude, small black masonry. Implying that the massive stonework is much older than the later work. Hmmmmm.

[@timhazeltine3256]

Yes. Not by ancient aliens, but by Egyptians...

[@tobystewart4403]

@@timhazeltine3256 What nonsense. The Egyptians surely found it as ruins. Whether it was alien builders or a civilisation before the younger dryas, we haven't the evidence to decide. Regardless, the idea that early bronze age Egyptians were capable of building these works is nonsense.

[@timhazeltine3256]

@@tobystewart4403 Sorry, the Euro-centric paradigm has been relegated to the dustbin of history where it belongs.

[@timhazeltine3256]

@@tobystewart4403 You presented no facts to substantiate your hypothesis that a complex civilization existed before pharonic Egypt.

[@tobystewart4403]

@@timhazeltine3256 I never said one did. I'm really not convinced one existed. The thing is, human evolution has a clear pattern, and it leaves behind a huge pile of debris, to show that evolution. If we look at progress to iron tools, we find a huge amount of anthropological data underneath the places where iron is first smelted. Layers and layers of previous settlements, a clear progress through stone and then bronze tools. What or who made the megalithic structures is a real mystery. Some people say the lack of evidence for a complex society is due to a huge catastrophe, a great flood. others feel it must be alien work, because of the lack of precursor technology that is evident. For myself, I just don't know. If forced to guess, I'd go with aliens. Not because there is abundant evidence of that, simply because it's a possible explanation that fits with a pattern of mythology. The claim that bronze age Egyptians built with 1200 ton stone blocks, however, and built the pyramids, is beyond serious credibility. We know a fair bit about that civilisation. We know their language, we know their tools and crafts. So, we know they didn't build these massive structures made of cut stone. Who did? We don't know.

[@Johnny_Tambourine]

So these were Egyptian Kings but they weren't Kings of Egypt.

[@Chris.Davies]

No. They were Egyptian kings. Egypt was not always just one nation. Remember the "Twin Crown" of Upper and Lower Egypt, melded into one?

[@jrockland4057]

Grave robbers.

[@catch22fit]

Egypt is definitely located in Africa not the middle east.

[@operationwhiterabbit976]

The Middle East is a transcontinental region in Afro-Eurasia which generally includes Western Asia (except for Transcaucasia), all of Egypt (mostly in North Africa), and Turkey (partly in Southeast Europe).

[@siyambonani8802]

@@operationwhiterabbit976 Africa!

[@timhazeltine3256]

@@siyambonani8802 Yes, but ancient Egypt was politically and culturally linked with the Middle East, just as it was to Nubia and the land of Punt in Africa.

[@siyambonani8802]

@@timhazeltine3256 thank you thank you! That does make sense

[@timhazeltine3256]

@@siyambonani8802 You are welcome. I think that is one of the aspects of Egypt that's so fascinating, it's a cultural link between Africa and the ancient middle east and Mediterranean. Modern research by both Egyptian and other archaeologists has broadened perspectives on the close relationships between Egypt and Africa

[@egelilodos325]

the anubis mountain looks badly burned down. it seems older than 12.000 years to me.

[@keithau8159]

Strongly believed the high technology civilization once lived on Earth in Egypt but wipe out by ancient unknown cataclysm in unknown time and the Earth started it over again,strongly proofed those megalithic or sarcophagus of rose and red granite,even 21th all kinds of tools,machine and electricity driven drills,saws and chisels cannot even easy to accomplished at all.Ancient Egyptian knew the truth and they made up stories to cover up the mystery,bizarre and enigma true origin of the ancient civilization prior to Egyptian at all

[@Chris.Davies]

@@keithau8159 More copy-pasta garbage from you. Not surprising.

[@Chris.Davies]

Mountains don't burn down. This one is millions of years old. So you are correct about that point.

[@MrFreezook]

Bosnia Pyramido-maniacs where are you hiding now ... PICKY BOOOO 8^) yeah right... go backy tiempe... Plz Sit baky, relax and try to enjoy. would you like a shisha ?

[@JustinTyme33]

Fake. Probably about 100 years old or so.