The StatQuest Introduction to PyTorch

[@statquest]

The code demonstrated this video can be downloaded here: lightning.ai/lightning-ai/studios/statquest-introduction-to-coding-neural-networks-with-pytorch?view=public&section=all To learn more about Lightning: lightning.ai/ This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with... Neural Networks: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eaKyl5xqZrGZetk Backpropagation: kzbin.info/www/bejne/f3-ViaB4na5_qpY The ReLU Activation Function: kzbin.info/www/bejne/bGmli2icbLVsaqc Tensors: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gmSYl3l6pdx8g5Y To install PyTorch see: pytorch.org/get-started/locally/ To install matplotlib, see: matplotlib.org/stable/users/getting_started/ To install seaborn, see: seaborn.pydata.org/installing.html Support StatQuest by buying my book The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning or a Study Guide or Merch!!! statquest.org/statquest-store/

[@yongjiewang9686]

REALLY Hope you can continue with this PyTorch tutorial.

[@statquest]

@@yongjiewang9686 Will do!

[@shichengguo8064]

Do we have video talking about transformer? Thanks.

[@statquest]

@@shichengguo8064 Not yet, but soon.

[@Mayur7Garg]

Just a small comment. Any variable should not be named similar to any builtin in Python. The 'input' variable in forward should have been called something else since it is already a builtin function in Python. Otherwise, you end up overriding the builtin within that scope.

[@santoshmohanram536]

Favorite teacher with my favorite Deep learning framework. Lucky to have you. Thanks brother🙏

[@statquest]

Wow, thanks

[@firesongs]

Please continue to go through every single line of code including the parameters with excruciating detail like you do. None of my professors went over each line like that cuz they always "assumed we already knew" and everyone in the class who didnt already know was afraid to ask to avoid looking stupid. Thank you.

[@statquest]

Thanks! Will do!

[@ToyExamples]

The style of storytelling is just so unique and friendly

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@insushin6139]

StatQuest is the GOAT in statistics, machine learning, and deep learning! You're videos are really helping me understanding the concepts and outline of these fields! Love from Korea!

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@youlahr7589]

Ive used PyTorch for projects before, but I can honestly say that I never fully understood the workings of building a model. I knew that i needed the peices you mentioned, but not why I needed them. You've just explained it incredibly. Please don't stop making this series!!

[@statquest]

Thank you very much! :)

[@footballistaedit25]

Thanks for the best content you bring. I hope you continue to make a full pytorch playlist

[@statquest]

That's the plan!

[@footballistaedit25]

@@statquest Thank you so much

[@gummybear8883]

What a blessing this is. You are indeed the Richard Feynman of Data Science.

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@MugIce-lr6ui]

Hello! Not sure if anyone's pointed this out yet, but the code on 10:14, 12:09, and 22:42 needs a small addition, `plt.show()`, or else it won't show the graph. Though, maybe 2 years ago when this video was made you didn't need that, I'm not sure, haha. Other than that, this is an awesome tutorial that quite literally takes anyone through the process step-by-step, and even tells you some neat fun facts (like the sns nickname) and explanations like how `loss.backward()` works. TRIPLE BAM indeed! Thanks for the awesome tutorials and videos you put out 👍

[@statquest]

Thanks! Did you run my code or type it in yourself? I keep the jupyter notebook updated.

[@ni3d4888]

plt.show() helped me get the visualizations in Ubuntu under WSL on Windows 11. Thank you for the comment.

[@karlnikolasalcala8208]

YOU ARE THE BEST TEACHER EVER JOSHH!! I wish you can feel the raw feeling we feel when we watch your videos

[@statquest]

Thank you?

[@jonnhw]

Was looking for a pytorch resource and was disappointed when this channel didnt have one yet but then this got uploaded. Really a blessing to the people haha

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@viveksundaram4420]

Man, you are love. I started my neural net journey from your videos and it's the best decision I made. Thank you

[@statquest]

Hooray!

[@binhle9475]

AMAZING video. This is exactly what beginners need to start the Pytorch journey with a semi solid footing instead of mindless copying. Yoy must have spent so much time for your AWESOME videos. GREATLY appreciate your effort. Keep up the good work.

[@statquest]

Thank you very much! :)

[@Nonexistent_007]

Thank you sir. You have no idea how valuable and helpful your videos are. Keep this good work running

[@statquest]

Thanks, will do!

[@AlbertsJohann]

What a great feeling when it all clicks after learning about all these concepts in isolation. All thanks to an incredibly brilliant teacher! Triple BAM!!!

[@statquest]

Hooray!!! Thank you!

[@sapnasharma4476]

Thanks for the awesome tutorial! You make the most difficult things so easy to understand, specially with the visuals and the arrows and all! The comments written on the right hand side make it so more helpful to pause and absorb. I would never miss a video of your tutorials!

[@statquest]

Hooray! I'm glad you like my videos. :)

[@jamilahmed2926]

I have lived long enough to watch videos and understand nothing about ML stuffs, until I saw your videos. I truly wish your well being

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@kaanzt]

That's really cool explanation! Please continue this PyTorch series, we really need it. BAM!

[@statquest]

Will do!

[@frederikschnebel2977]

Thanks so much for this gem John! Literally got a PyTorch project coming up and your timing is just perfect. Greatly appreciate the content, keep up the good work :)

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@aabshaarahmad7853]

Hi! This is amazing. Are you gonna continue this series? Out of ten different rabbitholes I have been to, this video has been the most helpful for me with understanding PyTorch and starting off with my project. Please continue making more complicated models. Thank you :)

[@statquest]

That's the plan!

[@aayushjariwala6256]

It amazes me, when I see no NLP video on StatQuest! Josh your explanation are always higher than what one can expect and you have created so many series including maths and conceptual understanding. NLP has the same importance compared to computer vision and actually people are suffering to learn it by lack of content availability! I hope you would create a series or maybe a few videos on basic concepts which help people to get interested in NLP : ) Hope you are doing good in life Josh

[@statquest]

I'm working on NLP.

[@vans4lyf2013]

@@statquest Yay so glad to hear this, we really need you because no one gives great explanations like you do. Also your youtube comments are the nicest I've ever seen which is a testament to how valued you are in this community.

[@statquest]

@@vans4lyf2013 Thank you very much!

[@anashaat95]

This series about neural networks and deep learning is very well explained. Thank you soooooooo much.

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@Luxcium]

I am someone who loves *SQ,* and *JS* style of teaching in byte 😅 pieces but I also hate _snakes…_ I love *JavaScript* and *TypeScript* but I’ve been learning *JavaScript* with the _strictest linting rules_ one would imagine… and given how *JavaScript* could be used without any sort of strict rules (and is very similar to *Python* in this context) it is frustrating that it makes *Python* very hard to understand despite being easier since it has not the same stricter rules I have imposed myself learning *JavaScript…* but I am also genuinely grateful that *JS* is the best instructor for this kind of topics because *JS* has a _Ukulele,_ *StatSquatch* and *Normalsaurus* which are all there to help *JS* make *SQ* awesome 🎉🎉🎉🎉 Thanks 😅😅😅❤

[@statquest]

bam!

[@jessicas2978]

Thank you so much, Josh. I have been learning PyTorch and deep learning. This video helps me a lot!

[@statquest]

Great to hear!

[@veronikaberezhnaia248]

Amazing content, as always. Before I was a bit afraid to start closing in torch, so thank you to encourage le to do that!

[@statquest]

bam! You can do it! :)

[@Ajeet-Yadav-IIITD]

Thank you Josh, pls continue this series of pytorch!

[@statquest]

Will do!

[@_epe2590]

finally! some simple to understand content on how to make an AI model using pytourch!!! TRIPLE BAM!!!!

[@statquest]

Hooray!

[@the_real_cookiez]

Quality educational content! It's so cool to see your channel grow. Been here since ~90k subs! Very well earned.

[@statquest]

Wow! Thank you very much!!! BAM! :)

[@nicolasreinaldet732]

Guess who was going to start programing a neural network in python today...... God bless you Josh, becase He know how much you are blessing me with your work. And know that Jesus loves you and want to be part of your life.

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@saralagrawal7449]

Just watched matrix multiplication of Transformers. My mind was blown away. Same things appear so complex but when this guy explains them, it's like peanuts. Triple BAM

[@statquest]

Bam! :)

[@ais3153]

BIG LIKE before watching 👍🏻 please continue the pytorch series

[@statquest]

Will do! :)

[@mahammadodj]

Thank you very much! I am new to Deep Learning. I can say that just in one week i learned a lot of things from your tutorials!

[@statquest]

Happy to hear that!

[@amirhosseinafkhami2606]

Great explanation as always! Thanks for making content like this, which complements the theoretical concepts.

[@statquest]

Glad you liked it!

[@arijitchaki1884]

Hi Josh, sorry to be a spoil sport, but I used exact same code and my prediction is showing 0.5 for dosage of 0.5 and it is running for all 100 epoch and final b value comes out to be -16.51 😔. But yes the concept is clear!! Great work! I always ask people whoever are interested in learning about data science or machine learning to refer you channel. Seeing your channel grow from 10-20K to a Mn is pleasure to my eyes!! You are the "El Professor"!!

[@statquest]

Thank you very much! If you look at my actual code (follow the link), you'll see that I actually pulled a trick with the data to get it to train faster.

[@Irrazzo]

Thank you, good explanation! 16:00 Python prefers for-each-loops over index-based loops. See how this equivalent for-each loop looks much simpler. for input, label in zip(inputs, labels): output = model(input) loss = (output - label)**2 loss.backward() total_loss += float(loss)

[@statquest]

Great tip!

[@xedvap]

Looking forward to seeing your following videos! Excellent explanation!

[@statquest]

Awesome, thank you!

[@kwang-jebaeg2460]

Wonderful !!! Cant wait your pytorch lightning code for NN. Always thanks alot !!

[@statquest]

bam! :)

[@exxzxxe]

Another charming, fully informative masterpiece.

[@statquest]

Thank you very much! BAM! :)

[@praptithapaliya6570]

I love you Josh. God bless you. You're my favorite teacher.

[@statquest]

Thank you! 😃!

[@neginamirabadi4595]

Hello Josh! Thank you so much for your amazing videos! I have learned so much from your tutorials and would not have been able to advance without them! I wanted to ask whether it is possible for you to put some videos on times series analysis, including autoregression (AR), moving average (MA) and their combinations. I would be more than grateful if you can provide such a video. Thank you so much.

[@statquest]

I'll keep those topics in mind!

[@WeeeAffandi]

Josh explaining the code is far better than any programmer

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@kleanthivoutsadaki5989]

thanks Josh, you really make understanding Neural Networks concepts a great process!

[@statquest]

Thank you! :)

[@MariaHendrikx]

I love how you you visualize and synchronize the code with the maths behind it :) On top of that you are doing it step-wise which results in a really awesome and very eduSupercalifragilisticexpialidociouscational video! #ThankYou

[@statquest]

I love it. Thank you very much! :)

[@StratosFair]

Nice video, looking forward to the next ones on Pytorch Lightning !

[@statquest]

Me too! BAM! :)

[@emilyli6763]

honestly wish I had this a year ago when I was struggling, still watching now tho!

[@statquest]

Bam! :)

[@sceaserjulius9476]

I am also learning Deep Learning, and want to apply it to make good projects, This is going to be great.

[@statquest]

bam!

[@ISK_VAGR]

That is a big leap. I need to check it several times to understand it since I am not a programmer. However, I really got a good feeling of what is happening inside the code. I actually use codeless systems such as KNIME. So if Mr. Sasquatch, get the idea of using KNIME to explain all this, It will be amazing. Thanks to be such a good teacher.

[@statquest]

I'll keep that in mind.

[@justinhuang8034]

Man the content keeps getting better

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@AHMAD9087]

The tutorial we all needed 🙂

[@statquest]

Hooray!

[@Hitesh10able]

Another excellent video, one humble request please provide video on Stable Diffusion Models.

[@statquest]

I'll keep that in mind.

[@Luxcium]

Wow 😮 I didn't knew I had to watch the *Neural Networks part 2* before I can watch the *The StatQuest Introduction To PyTorch* before I can watch the *Introduction to coding neural networks with PyTorch and Lightning* 🌩️ (it’s something related to the cloud I understand) I am genuinely so happy to learn about that stuff with you Josh❤ I will go watch the other videos first and then I will back propagate to this video...

[@statquest]

Warmer...

[@joshstat8114]

Nice video for the introduction of LSTM using PyTorch. There is also `torch` R package that doesn't need to install python and torch. It's so nice that R also has deep learning framework aside from `tensorflow` and I recommend you to maybe try it.

[@statquest]

Thanks for the info!

[@joshstat8114]

@@statquest i strongly recommend it because it is so nice that R has own deep learning frameworks, besides h2o

[@theblueplanet3576]

Enjoying this series on machine learning. By the way there is no shame in self promotion, you deserve it 😁

[@statquest]

Thanks 😅

[@stivraptor]

Hey Josh! Guess what just arrived in the mail.... My new statquest mug!!!!! Hooray!!!

[@statquest]

BAM!!! Thank you so much for supporting StatQuest!!!

[@sabaaslam781]

Hi Josh. I am a big fan of your videos. I have a question regarding this quest. In this video, we optimized only one parameter. How can we optimize all the parameters? Thanks in advance.

[@statquest]

I show how to impute all of the parameters in this video on LSTMs in PyTorch: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iHmqmouGqtSSpqs (if you want to learn about the theory of LSTMs, see: kzbin.info/www/bejne/j3TdfWxso7FqoJI

[@jwilliams8210]

Absolutely brilliant!

[@statquest]

Thank you! :)

[@ShawnShi-hy9ed]

Hi Josh, thanks for your video. I am confused why it doesn't work when I am trying to optimize any other weights and bias. five minutes later, I think I have got the answer from the comments and your reply. Thanks again!

[@statquest]

bam

[@mohsenmoghimbegloo]

Thank you very much Mr Josh Starmer

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@carlitosvh91]

Great explanation. Thank you very much

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@Sandeepkumar-dm2bp]

very well explained, thank you for providing quality content, it's very helpful

[@statquest]

Glad it was helpful!

[@05747100]

Thanks a lot, beg for Pytorch Series playlist.

[@statquest]

Soon!

[@someone5781]

Woo! Been waiting for this sort of a tutorial!!!

[@statquest]

bam!

[@darshuetube]

it's great that you are making videos on coding as well.

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@peterkanini867]

Please make an entire tutorial about the ins and outs of PyTorch!

[@statquest]

I've made several PyTorch videos and will continue to make more. You can find the others here: statquest.org/video-index/

[@anggipermanaharianja6122]

Awesome vid by the legend!

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@yashsurange7648]

Thanks for this amazing walk through.

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@kobic8]

great presentation!! thanks again for simplfying this topic! are you planning to post more on NN implementation? computer vision maybe or object detection?

[@statquest]

Yes, there will be many more videos on how to implement NNs.

[@pfever]

Best tutorial like usual! would be nice to see more advanced examples of in pytorch, like CNN for image classification :)

[@statquest]

I'm working on them.

[@isaacpeng3625]

great video and explanation! me have been struggling in pytorch coding

[@statquest]

Bam! :)

[@arer90]

Thank you for perfect lecture~!!!

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@karrde666666]

better than MIT or any university slides

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@lloydchan9606]

bless josh and this channel

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@jawadmansoor6064]

Great series.

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@random-hj1gv]

Hello! I've got a bit confused: at 15:08 you mention that at each epoch we'll be running all 3 data points through the model, but wasn't the point of SDG in that we would only need a single data point per epoch, or am I misunderstanding something? Btw, despite my confusion, this is by far the best ML guide series I've seen, thank you for your work!

[@statquest]

That's a good question. "torch.optim" doesn't have a gradient descent optimizer, just a stochastic gradient descent optimizer. So we import torch.optim.SGD and then pass it all of the residuals to get gradient descent.

[@random-hj1gv]

@@statquest Makes sense, thank you for the clarification!

[@guramikeretchashvili1569]

So interesting videos and good explanations. I am wondering which software you use to make these cool visualizations?

[@statquest]

I share all my secrets here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/maOviX19Yqp0ns0

[@shamshersingh9680]

Hi Josh, thanks again for allowing me to break the ice between me and Pytorch. Everytime I see your videos, I wonder if my instructor could have taught us like this probably our lives must have been much simpler and happier. I have a small doubt here. In the example you have shown gradient training of only final bias. But in reality, all the weights will have to be trained during backpropagation. So when I try to initialise the all weights with random values and then train the model, I do not get the final weights as shown in the video. The code is as follows :- class BasicNN(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.w00 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1), requires_grad = True) self.b00 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1), requires_grad = True) self.w01 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1), requires_grad = True) self.w10 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1), requires_grad = True) self.b10 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1), requires_grad = True) self.w11 = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1), requires_grad = True) self.b_final = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1), requires_grad = True) def forward(self, input): input_top_relu = input * self.w00 + self.b00 input_bottom_relu = input * self.w10 + self.b10 output_top_relu = F.relu(input_top_relu) * self.w01 output_bottom_relu = F.relu(input_bottom_relu) * self.w11 input_final_relu = output_top_relu + output_bottom_relu + self.b_final output = F.relu(input_final_relu) return output # Create an instance of the neural network model = BasicNN() # Print parameters print('Parameters before training') for name, param in model.named_parameters(): print(name, param.data) # Define inputs and corresponding labels inputs = torch.tensor([0., 0.5, 0.1]) labels = torch.tensor([0., 1.0, 0.]) # Define a loss function criterion = nn.MSELoss() # Define an optimizer optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01) # Number of epochs for training epochs = 1000 # Training loop for epoch in range(epochs): total_loss = 0 # Forward pass output = model(inputs) # Compute the loss loss = criterion(output, labels) total_loss += loss # Backward pass loss.backward() # Compute gradients optimizer.step() # Update weights optimizer.zero_grad() # Clear previous gradients # Print loss every 100 epochs if (epoch + 1) % 100 == 0: print(f"Epoch [{epoch+1}/{epochs}], Loss: {loss.item()}") if (total_loss < 0.00001): print(f'Epoch = {epoch}') break # Print final parameters print('Parameters after training') for name, param in model.named_parameters(): print(name, param.data) # check the model performance input_doses = torch.linspace(start = 0, end = 1, steps = 11) output = model(input_doses) sns.set(style = 'whitegrid') sns.lineplot(x = input_doses, y = output.detach(), color = 'green', linewidth = 2) plt.xlabel("Input Doses") plt.ylabel("Effectiveness") plt.show() Request if you can help me with the code above.

[@statquest]

This example only works to optimize the final bias term.

[@mohammadidreesbhat1109]

That is how teaching should be.. Triple Bam

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@ぶらえんぴん]

Your teaching video is awesome

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@ぶらえんぴん]

@@statquest Do you have intro to lightning ? I kind of remember you mentioned in the video you seemed to have one?

[@statquest]

@@ぶらえんぴん That's going to be the next video in this series. It will come out in a few weeks.

[@conlele350]

Thanks Josh, its Incredible video. Beside, recently the Bayes theorem application in fitting model (linear, logistic, random forest...) has became more and more popular in order to replace classic statistic method, could you pls take some time to explain to us some of its popular algorithm like BART, Linear regression via Bayesian Methods...

[@statquest]

I'm planning on doing a whole series on Bayesian stuff as soon as I finish this series on neural networks.

[@conlele350]

@@statquest that's great news for today, thanks Josh, Im looking forward to see it soon

[@whispers191]

Thank you Josh!

[@statquest]

Bam!

[@xray788]

Hi Josh, I've watched most of your playlist. It is amazing how you explain it. But can you please explain or point to some reference on where the values for weights come from? I see at start of video like w is 1.70 but confuses me where it came from and why those values are used. Thank you Josh and hopefully once i get that it will be a... Triple bam for me :)

[@statquest]

To create this network, I gave each weight and bias a random initialization value and then tried to fit the neural network to the training data with backpropagation. I then repeated the process a ton of times until I discovered a set of initialization values that worked.

[@Thamizhadi]

Hi Josh, thank you for introducing pytorch to me. I have an off topic question. How do you create your videos? They look like a series of animated slides. I want to emulate your style for creating presentation slides.

[@statquest]

I give away all of my secrets in this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/maOviX19Yqp0ns0

[@abbddos]

This was great... I hope you can simplify Tensorflow the same way... big big thank you.

[@statquest]

Thanks!

[@bjornnorenjobb]

omg! I have really wanted this! awesome!!! :) :) :)

[@statquest]

Hooray! :)

[@andreblanco]

Triple bam!

[@statquest]

BAM! Thank you very much for supporting StatQuest!!!!

[@AIpodcast369]

Sir, Please make videos on the time-series analysis, it's hard to find the videos with clear explaination.

[@statquest]

I'll keep that in mind.

[@sanjaykrish8719]

wow.. super excited

[@statquest]

Hooray!

[@mohammadalikhani7798]

That Was Nice ! Thank You

[@statquest]

Glad you liked it!

[@Emily-Bo]

Awesome video! Thanks, Josh! Can you please explain what super() does in the _init_()?

[@statquest]

Great question! So, we're making a new class that is derived from nn.Module, and nn.Module, is derived from something else, and all those things need to be initialized, so "super()" does that for us.

[@sagartalagatti1594]

Amazing... Can you please tell me how to optimize all the parameters starting with random initial values like we did in "Going Bonkers with Chain Rule"?? I tried some modifications on my own, but couldn't get the result. Help would be greatly appreciated.

[@statquest]

Unfortunately this model is not a good one for that. Instead, try this: kzbin.info/www/bejne/h5eTZ4t6jr12jqs and github.com/StatQuest/word_embedding_with_pytorch_and_lightning

[@나는강아지-w6x]

KOREAN BAMMMM!!! TY StatQuest😁

[@statquest]

Awesome!!! BAM! :)

[@pauledam2174]

Amazing job! I plan to donate to your patreon page. You were confused because we could use .backward on loss (or at least I was confused by this). I guess one explanation is that loss is defined in terms of output_i and output_i is an instance of the model class. So it may make sense that we can access the backward attribute of loss. But I was, for the same reason a bit surprised that we can subtract a scalar from output_i. One other question. Wouldn't it be better to take the average of total loss? Otherwise the condition that uses 0.0001 is dependent on the the number of examples in the training set.

[@statquest]

Taking the average is really common, but it doesn't change anything.

[@pauledam2174]

No, I know it doesn't change things but it means that your criteria has to be adjusted depending on the size of the dataset doesn't it?

[@statquest]

@@pauledam2174 If we wanted to compare the loss among different datasets, then the average would be helpful.

[@carol8099]

this video is gold

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@onkarpandhare]

great video! very well explained!!!👍👍

[@statquest]

Thank you!

[@rrrprogram8667]

MEGABAMMMMMM..... Hey josh... It's been a very long long time.... I am occupied with different subject right now.. Hope you are doing good... Will catch you soon..

[@statquest]

Welcome back!

[@arshadkazi4559]

Tensorflow developer is turning into PyTorch… bam! 💥

[@statquest]

bam! :)

[@HtHt-in7vt]

I would be appreciated if you can teach more an deeper in pytorch. Thank you so much!

[@statquest]

That's the plan. This is just the first of many videos on how to code neural networks. The next video will be on pytorch lightning, and then we'll start to create more advanced models.

[@vighneshsrinivasabalaji802]

Hey Josh! Amazing videos, thanks a lot. Would be great if you could cover Time Series Data and algorithms like ARIMA and HOLTS WINTER Thanks😊

[@statquest]

I'll keep those topics in mind.

[@edhofiko7624]

When i was in uni and my first time learning neural net. Its was the old Pitts-McCulloch neuton. Then we learn on hebbian learning rule. Thrn we got to Rosenblatt perceptron. We also learn some neural net that i have no idea what it does, like Self Organizing Map. Other kind of network lost its usefulness since multi layer perceptron and modern AI took of, like Learning Vector Quantization. Good old uni days, lmao.

[@statquest]

Bam!

[@silveromayo4148]

Thanks for the great video. Does this apply directly to GNN? Can I apply it there?

[@statquest]

To be honest, I don't know much about GNNs right now so I can't answer your question.