Kawasaki Vulcan 900 LED turn signal conversion! custom & classic

[@northsidecustoms2430]

Guy's, I gotta say this is a year late. This was a great video. I was able to do the whole conversion off this video by itself. thanks a ton. I know personally how much research goes into doing a project like this. so yea thank you so much for saving me the time. my bike has looked amazing and worked flawlessly with these upgrades.

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching glad the vid helped!

[@heybruh3274]

You are right…. no correct answers in forums and a LOT of bad information!! Thanks for posting this

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching!

[@heybruh3274]

Update: Those LED gauge cluster lights work perfectly. By the way, I also added the Custom Dynamics Triple Play. My brake light is now LED and my rear turn signals are converted to RED LEDs and are now DRL, Brake, AND turn signals. It's a great 'upgrade' for visibility!!

[@ryanmclaine7279]

To make your turn signals also function as brake lights did you have to wire anything or just change the bulbs?

[@heybruh3274]

@@ryanmclaine7279 I used the Smart Triple Play from Custom Dynamics. Made it easy without having to “customize” the stock wiring.

[@georgethompson4886]

Can we see a video of the red drl/brake/turns completed. That is a mod I want to do. Also do you have to install that relay. Is there a problem with having the hyperflash

[@heybruh3274]

@@georgethompson4886 The process ( and issues) going to all LEDs is the same with or without the Triple Play. So yes, the relay will need to be replaced to handle hyperflash. Yes you will also have to address the 4-Way flash issue too. It is so easy and I am not sure why a lot of people ask about replacing a $15.00 relay. Pull the seat, pop off a little connector, plug the new relay in. I recommend doing the LED swap and then the Triple Play. Purchase red bulbs for the back turn signals and also purchase clear lenses. After you get that all sorted and working, then install the Triple Play. There are a bunch of videos with the Triple Play working. It works the same with the VN900. Visit the Vulcan Forums - we have it all documented there.

[@ethixphotog_adventures]

I want to do this too.

[@DrShawn2105]

Incredibly helpful! Thanks for the detailed explanations and not skipping steps.

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@kenwargo4552]

Thanks for the video and detailed instructions. I converted my turn signals to LED in no time!

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@mikev2409]

Thanks for the detailed description. I not trying to get into installing diodes. Very well explained and I'm going to bust this out tomorrow.

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@mikev2409]

@@jdubb67 Completed the conversion last night. Works perfect! I did have to change the led's for the neutral and hi-beams back to the halogen. Other tan that, all went well. Thanks bud!

[@jdubb67]

That's awesome

[@TheAmazingBeardo]

Loved the video. I did the same to my ‘09 Vulcan and I love the LED’s. Your vid was super helpful.

[@jdubb67]

Glad it was able to help thank you for watching

[@anthonycoleman3501]

ran across your video, it walked me right thru the process appreciate the video keep up the good work

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching!!

[@69Willis350]

Awesome video I done everything y'all did but couldn't figure out the cluster part thank you so much for the help👍🏽💯

[@jdubb67]

Glad this helped thanks for watching!

[@kaspichmiel3420]

Thank you !!!! Finally someone mentioned the bulb number for the speedo 👏🏼 good job

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching I appreciate the support and glad this helped ya out

[@innocentwun]

Thank you for the video and in depth details. Looking to do my Vulcan Custom oil change.

[@jdubb67]

No problem thanks for watching!!

[@VndNvwYvvSvv]

The incandescent doesn't "overload" the relay. If you look at the wiring diagram, you'll see exactly WHY it does this. They reuse/have common paths in the harness. The LED blocks one direction because it's a diode. The indicators are just common wedge base, no need to replace the rotating holder. All the rest is doable with just 1157 and 1156 LED bulbs too, but I do like the dual color front. And you don't need to "hack into the harness" to make LED all work right. You just change like 2 wires in the cluster, easy peasy.

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for the info appreciate ya watching 😁

[@FRJ1982]

Change two wires in the cluster? Do you have a video on this change? I'd really like to see/know what is done.

[@jodymorrison6920]

Can you explain this further please

[@ChrisMowers]

As a side note, i read some people having issues with the hyper flashing at higher RPM, its a more expensive fix, but signal dynamics has a Dual Load Equalizer. This is essentially the relay that you replace, but does it in a separate module. You would need 2 as each module does 1 pair, so you would be looking at about 50 bucks from them. Can probably find them cheaper elsewhere, but this will resolve hyperflashing, turn signals not working and flashing speed as RPM goes up

[@jdubb67]

Good info thanks appreciate ya watching

[@FRJ1982]

Got a link to these? And any detail to the application

[@carltonhall816]

Great video , loved how you commented every step. Near Future install on my 07 custom!

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@kristomat]

Thanks for making this video! I learned a lot. My favorite part is that you covered up the license plate after showing it not covered up. I feel like I would have done the same thing.

[@jdubb67]

It's happens lol nothing's perfect thanks for watching!

[@kristomat]

So after watching your video I ordered the clear front lens and led signals and relay. I love the look and plan on changing the main light to led. I am confused as to why you changed the cluster lights to led. Was it because you changed all 4 lights? Mine works great with just the front two.

[@jdubb67]

@@kristomat yes we changed all 4 that's why I believe however I'd like to see if we used true canbus bulbs if the results would the same or not, not sure but I'm glad the vid helped thanks for watching

[@johnsimpson6457]

I have a 2019 and wanted to thank you for how to install & were to buy the products

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@FreeformThoughts804]

This is only one of my issues. I am converting my 2006 classic into a bobber and while installing a Halo LED headlight, it doesn't come on at all. I may have to button everything up, but I am definitely going to need to do more troubleshooting. Keep me posted as far as if this is a long term fix.

[@jdubb67]

Absolutely we'll keep y'all updated thanks for watching

[@august178]

Really Appreciate your efforts and demonstrations. I hope you do more for this bike.

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@stevel303]

I'm just about finished with my LED conversion, I just have the cluster to do next. I'll let you know if I can find an easy way to do the diodes, I'm not a fan of hacking into OEM wiring either.

[@jdubb67]

Agreed thanks for watching!

[@juliorobles1011]

Loved how buddy said screw the gloves “let’s go” 😂😂

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@187fluffy187]

Earned a sub with this one. Never changed out my bulbs because of the wishy washy answers on the forum.

[@jdubb67]

I appreciate it my friend thanks for watching glad it was able to help

[@suki604]

Where u get those sun glasses?? I want a pair

[@jdubb67]

Pugsgear lol thanks for watching

[@lakecrab]

I hate the floppy lollipops on the rear of my Spirit but I don't mind the front L-Pops as much. I'm gonna remove the rear L-Pops for a smaller LED set and install clear lenses on the front with LED lamp replacement. I will likely need a compatible flasher relay.

[@TurtleHaxInSpace]

Spent a couple days trying to figure mine out.. didn’t notice my turn signals were aftermarket from the last owner so I made 5 trips to auto zone for the bulbs/relays. After installation I found that it drained my battery pretty quick. Made it sound like my engine was flooded. Great video but ended up ripping off the front signals and putting regular lights in the rear. Bummer.

[@jdubb67]

Bummer yo

[@teewhy2602]

All of that just for cool looking led lights? My regular bulbs work just fine

[@owenherrbach8776]

literally such a great video

[@jdubb67]

Appreciate it thanks for watching

[@TIMBHMAXX22]

great vid. guys . can you tell me where you got the led bulbs or what brand order number maybe? thanks

[@jdubb67]

Links to the bulbs should be in the description thanks for watching

[@mickiewebb8002]

Awesome video 👍

[@jdubb67]

Thanks 👍

[@ZaneSeki]

I did this install and love it. Everything was as told. Only question is what is the diode fix? Can you link it?

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching the diode fix is buried deep in the Vulcan forums I don't have a link off hand sorry

[@RideLikeAChamp]

You don't need diode fix if you use Brishine brand for the instrument cluster led bulbs instead of Nampoku as suggested in the original post .

[@gregnott7157]

I don't suppose you have a part # for the Brishine bulbs?

[@jasonlevoy]

would love to see you put in the led headlight too

[@emmanueldotrey3607]

Jason in order to install LED Headlight you will need a conversion kit sold by a company named Engineered Adapters, they also have a video on KZbin showing you how to install the brackets, I know they have adapters for Vulcan Classic/ Classic LT 900 and up.

[@justinelliott3562]

Thanks so much great video ordered everything

[@jdubb67]

Thank you for watching glad it was helpful

[@ethixphotog_adventures]

Y'all rock.

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching!!

[@ethixphotog_adventures]

@@jdubb67 I just bought everything and awaiting Amazon. Thanks so much.

[@jdubb67]

@@ethixphotog_adventures hey man thanks for watching hopefully you lien the results

[@kellyobrien1387]

OKay... good info, but thought you were going to break the instrument panel pulling it off the wrong way, lifting instead of pushing forward. Second, the Turn Signal indicator is not overloading the circuit, it is just that the LED are actually DIODES which messes with the ground system. THIRD, you can install a DIODE in the cluster on the Indicator so it blinks correctly with the lights. Again, Diode action from LEDs need a diode to make the circuit work correctly, still figuring out HOW to install the Kuryakyn diode mod properly BEFORE I cut any wires. After that everything SHOULD be working. (have to admit I was expecting you guys to break in indicator bulb trying to twist a wedge bulb! hehehe) The Twist base isn't needed to buy, the LEDs fit great in there.

[@jdubb67]

All good info

[@markj4594]

Very good video

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@markj4594]

@@jdubb67 you're welcome

[@bsfisher]

GREAT VIDEO!! I'M a newbie With a 2006 Vulcan 2000 Classic on a BIC TRIKE frame and I'm OCD and the right turn indicator not flashing would bug me lol...what is involved to get that to work correctly? Or should I just have a shop to that part? Also instead of a tuner why not just have Ivan flash the ECU over doing a tuner? 🤔 forgive me if it's a stupid question lol I'm a newbie 😊 THANKS FOR THE CONTENT I have subscribed and followed 🤙👍🏻✌️

[@jdubb67]

So to prevent the right turn signal thing basically you have to install a resistor, as far a tuner your could go with an Ivan tune and it probably would accomplish the same thing pickers choice id say. Thanks for the support!

[@DanielGonzalez-mj3he]

@@jdubb67excuse me my ignorance but what a resistor and how or where do I install it

[@jdubb67]

@@DanielGonzalez-mj3he I'll be honest I can't remember what resistor it is he never Installed one on here, I 💬 no because he didn't know where to put or didn't care sorry

[@jorgemedina5420]

Brother, hice exactamente todo igual en mi Vulcan 900 custom y todo funciona excelente menos el foco del cluster de las direccionales, ya lo revise y nada, me puedes orientar cómo le hiciste para que prenda el indicador de las direccionales?

[@jorgemedina5420]

Saludos y gracias!!

[@jdubb67]

It only blinks to the right the light doesn't blink for the left but the turn signal is on its just part of it unless you install a resistor

[@jorgemedina5420]

@@jdubb67 Thank you very much, regards.

[@PN8_1978]

Thanks guys! Great video. Answered exactly the question I was asking. I'm assuming this process should work on a 2010 900 Classic?

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching it should work for any year classic or custom

[@TheKringledingler]

Great vidz. 👍🏻💪🏻 how did you guys get the daylight in the front indicator? Mine doesnt have that.

[@jdubb67]

Daylight? I don't understand

[@TheKringledingler]

@@jdubb67 sorry. Daytime running light.

[@jdubb67]

Got ya ok.... The bulb we used is how we did it but you have to do the turn signal system for the LEDs to work

[@famousj6]

Thanks for the video! Can you link to the front turn signal led bulbs y'all used? I like the fact that they can be DRL's. Got a 2006 900 classic I'm slowly upgrading.

[@jdubb67]

Yeah no problem these are it www.amazon.com/dp/B07WPTRN8V/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_glt_fabc_8TW1Z472NK05FD9V9FP4?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching!

[@VndNvwYvvSvv]

Uh.. stock is DRL too. They're dual filament/3 wire. Rear is single filament/dual wire.

[@FrancoisTX1974]

Awesome video man, tks, I will install the diode anyway. Do you have the ref of the front LED, the ones who change colors

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching!!! Here's the link to the lights we used www.amazon.com/dp/B07WPTRN8V/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_glt_fabc_8TW1Z472NK05FD9V9FP4?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1

[@FrancoisTX1974]

@@jdubb67 tks man!

[@tanveerzaidi7215]

Thanks for the video.. really appreciate it.

[@jdubb67]

No problem thanks for watching

[@johnmiddleton726]

I watched your video because I’m possibly considering a Vulcan. It also brought to mind a similar situation I had with my 03 Yamaha XVS 1100. I installed LED turn signals front & rear only to find I had 4 way flash. I was told to remove the turn indicator bulb from the gauge cluster and that took care of it. Now I’m wondering if I should have LED bulbs there.🤨 Can you tell me where you got your bulbs? Thanks

[@jdubb67]

Amazon

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching

[@johnmiddleton726]

@@jdubb67 Specifically, what kind did you order? Thanks

[@jdubb67]

Nanpoku 74 T5 LED Bulb with Twist Socket PC74 LED Bulb Canbus Error Free for Auto Car Dashboard Dash Instrument Panel Gauge Cluster Indicator Lights Lamp(White) a.co/d/0upQMFO

[@johnmiddleton726]

@@jdubb67 Thanks so much. After I saw them I remember ordering them several years ago.

[@khalidjanahi9557]

Thanks for the video my freind... It's so useful.. 👍👍👍🙂

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for watching!

[@charlesstoner9003]

So I installed all as instructed, how did you resolve the hyper flash at higher rpm's?? At idle turns flash normal, the faster you go the faster they flash

[@jdubb67]

I'm not sure he's experienced that I'll have to ask him

[@A_Traveling_Biscuit]

Did this it worked great. Only problem is that sometimes indicator light doesnt work. Any ideas?

[@jdubb67]

No not really I figure you could wire in a resistor but my friend didn't want to take it that far

[@TheTriplelman]

Yah I always know its Ryan out there driving, his right turn signal is always on. LOL

[@jdubb67]

Hahaha truth

[@philipedwards4641]

Can i get the link for the tuner you talked about installing

[@corneilcorneil]

The dash bulb don't overload the relais, it connects L and R circuit.

[@rhmetropolis]

good tips. can the new system work properly if i just remove the small signal indicator bulb (just remove 1 center bulb without changing the other 2 small bulb) ?

[@jdubb67]

Yes you don't have to change the other 2 indicator bulbs

[@cristianmoretto3213]

hello sorry, where can I find the bulbs you have in front of the 900 custom? do you have the link? THANK YOU

[@jdubb67]

I apologize I'm not sure the exact model of bulb I know he them from Amazon

[@marcmaschal2897]

Arent the turn signals harder to see after the conversation? Why do it ? Just curious

[@earlhowell2589]

Hey, I am just curious....if i only put LED's in the front signal lights and normal amber bulbs in the rear..... would I still need to replace the center console bulb to LED or would it be fine?

[@jdubb67]

I honestly don't know Id think they'd just hyperflash

[@187fluffy187]

I went ahead and did this. Replaced headlight, front DRL/blinker switch backs, rear brake light, rear blinkers, and the led turn signal indicator in the cluster. Went for a ride and noticed when my blinker was on, the higher RPM my engine was the faster they blinked, For example stop light blinks regular speed, how ever while riding they would blink faster. or even when im stopped clutch in revving the blinker will speed up and slow down to the engine. (hope i didnt over explain.). I was curious if your buddy had the same issue?

[@jdubb67]

Wow that's interesting I'm not sure I'll have to if he has noticed this

[@89FOXNY]

Did you replace the relay ? Didnt see the relay mentioned on your post.

[@187fluffy187]

@@89FOXNY yes i did, i always forget something. Lol im the 2nd owner and i noticed some other wires in there that arent stock that i have no idea what they do. One day ill tear into it, but ive rode a couple times and i kinda like it? Idk free flasher mod? Maybe go back to the original flasher and see if it will just keep a constant hyper flash.

[@gregorylee6443]

I have a 2015 Vulcan Classic, changed the bulbs and what I'm getting is a faster hyper flash when I rev the engine. Can't figure what gives, any suggestions?

[@jdubb67]

I'm by no means an expert but I'd say that as the engine revs you get a high surge of electricity to the circuit I'd almost say there'd have to be a model or something that would correct that sorry I'm not more helpful but I'm not super familiar with the 1500 wiring

[@gregorylee6443]

@@jdubb67 I'm not 100% convinced I have the correct relay, I ordered a different one that will arrive tomorrow and I will see if that fixes it. I saw somewhere in a Kawasaki forum someone had the same issue however I can't find it again. Thanks for the reply!

[@jdubb67]

@@gregorylee6443 no problem hopefully it works for ya thanks for watching

[@kevindelk]

Mine worked. But mine were 5 wire in the rear. But all 4 flashed. Metric diode kit is the full fix.

[@jdubb67]

Good info thanks for watching

[@Rogan_Dorn]

I did the same process to my 2014 VN900B, but If I do all 4 turn signals, and swap the middle instrument panel light, the high beam and neutral lights stop working, and the signals only work correctly in one direction. Turn to the right, everything works fine, but turn to the left, and the rear signals work fine, but the front ones both blink. I just kinda gave up on having all 4 signals LED, and went with just having the front set converted.

[@jdubb67]

Hmm that's a shame not sure why yours would act like that

[@AycoxPhotography]

I also have a 2014 VN900C. If I change the high beam and neutral to LED they don’t work at all.

[@chriscolbourne6519]

So would you have to change the cluster light bulb if your only changing the rears to led

[@jdubb67]

I'll be honest not sure didn't really think about it not changing out the fronts

[@ronbennett4819]

Cool bro. Thanks alot. Any more on electrical. I'm not good with electrics.

[@jdubb67]

I film these as they come up lol who knows what we might do next thanks for watching

[@rentdelorean1985]

Great Stuff!!

[@jdubb67]

Thank you sir

[@jasonlevoy]

I would love to know how to do these lights and have everything working properly.

[@jdubb67]

there's a way to do it unfortunately we just didn't want to hack into the harness, but I believe you can splice in a resister and have it work normal

[@frogman1055]

Maybe its possible that the turn signal indicator LED bulb in the console is reversed due to polarity and does not blink when the right turn signal is blinking.

[@jdubb67]

Could be however basically been told add a resistor and it fixes this

[@dne9394]

What is the drawback of the "hyper flash"? Seems that would be very effective of catching attention. What am I missing?

[@jdubb67]

Probably not wrong just annoys the shit outta me

[@boosted-g.s.r.-ninja157]

I just got a 2015 custom and having issues with the signals not flashing at the front I have a full led headlight with built in signals the rear is the integrated taillight which blinks fine with the relay installed and I also changed out the dash bulb as well just having an issue with the front but it was working fine before installing the rear tail light would you happen to know what could cause the front from not working just going steady?

[@jdubb67]

I unfortunately don't not sure how the wiring would be with an intergraded headlight like that. Could be a problem that rear light being wired up like that is not enough voltage for the system as whole I honestly don't sorry I couldn't be more help

[@jameschatterton8628]

I left mine hyper flashing because it doesn't bother me I have no problem with it doing the 4 way thing

[@L.k.A1979]

What is the part number for the headlight and taillight. Thanks

[@jdubb67]

I believe it's a h4 style bulb he got it from a company called Auxito

[@TylerTacticalGaming]

Do u know what LED headlight bulb he is using?

[@jdubb67]

I believe it was auxito brand from Amazon it worked pretty well I believe it was an H4 size? But don't quote me on it thanks for watching

[@FRJ1982]

Do you have a link for the LED lights? You don't have them listed in your description

[@jdubb67]

They were purchased on Amazon unfortunately the old links didn't work anymore

[@FRJ1982]

​@@jdubb67 ok

[@FRJ1982]

​@@jdubb67 and just for a little clarification, in case I seen it wrong...on the three cluster bulbs, you basically used the same housing for the old incandescent bulbs and inserted/replaced with the LED one's? If so, I should just order the LED bulbs themselves instead of with the aftermarket housing?

[@jdubb67]

@@FRJ1982 you can if you'd like we did simply because the new housing didn't want to twist on the board so it's pickers choice if they want

[@FRJ1982]

​@@jdubb67 okay cool, thanks. I really appreciate your video because it is very informative and detailed, unlike others that I have seen that skip over steps and do not give clear info 👍👍

[@jdm_-mf3il]

where did u find the 1156 led switch backs

[@jdubb67]

@@jdm_-mf3il I believe he found them on Amazon

[@FRJ1982]

Do you have to change all your lights to led for your lights to work correctly?? I did my headlight, front and back blinkers, cluster bulbs and the relay. BUT when I am driving and use the blinkers they blink so fast they are like strobe lights. What gives!?!? 🤷 Help me please

[@jdubb67]

Hmmm not sure changing them all out should have worked. Not sure why you're getting a hyper flash problem. Front and rear blinkers and the cluster turn signal light and the relay should have worked I'm not sure why yours wouldn't

[@FRJ1982]

@@jdubb67 I'm sorry let me clarify, I meant to say when I rev my engine or the rpm's are up while driving is when the blinkers flash very fast

[@jdubb67]

@@FRJ1982 ohh ok sounds like a bad ground to me

[@Mr5Stars]

Thanks for the Video. I have 07 Vulcan Classic and the odometer doesn't show the milage, if someone knows a fix, help a brother out!

[@jdubb67]

Thank you for watching, that's unique problem I'm sorry to say I've never heard of that being a thing however if I doo hear anything about it I'll be sure to post

[@earlhowell2589]

What upgrade bulb did you use for the headlight?

[@jdubb67]

I believe he used an auxito brand bulb from Amazon, I can't remember the size

[@emersonartes762]

Valeu a dica !!!

[@Worshipbyruben]

So if I change the rear to LEDs only and break light to LED, will I have to do relay and all that? Really don't care for the front. Would appreciate any feedback 👍

[@jdubb67]

If you replace the rear turn signals you'll have to do a relay. The brake light by it self doesn't require a relay

[@Worshipbyruben]

@@jdubb67 okay thank you 👍

[@jdubb67]

No problem thanks for watching!

[@jrambassn6758]

Can you do the correct fix for the right turn signal?

[@jdubb67]

Ya need to add a resister and Ryan didn't see the need

[@slickman1953]

I'm not 100% on this, but the dash LED's are polarity sensitive.

[@jdubb67]

Thanks for the info

[@mikeayres304]

Would have been a good time to clean that tank!

[@jdubb67]

I believe Ryan cleaned up the tank off camera could be wrong but I'm pretty sure he did thanks for watching

[@mikeayres304]

@@jdubb67 Yeah, I think I commented a little early on that one. LOL

[@jdubb67]

It's all good man!

[@antoniomanueltarazonvalenc4708]

would this work for a Vulcan 800 ?

[@jdubb67]

I honestly don't know if would or not I have 0 knowledge of the wiring setup of an 800 Vulcan. Sorry I couldn't help

[@fernando52568]

Will u pass me d info on d cluster led lights so i can buy them ty

[@jdubb67]

Link should be in the description thanks for watching!

[@sethzeirah]

Does this Relay work on the Vn1600?

[@jdubb67]

I unfortunately do not know

[@DanielGonzalez-mj3he]

What headlight light bulb is that

[@jdubb67]

I'm pretty sure it is an auxito from Amazon h4 I think

[@peterscandalis3877]

Don’t do a tuner. Send the ECU out to Ivan power sports. You’re gonna burn up your spark plugs with a tuner.

[@jdubb67]

Good to know he got rid of the bike before he did anything anyway

[@kjmdrumz3]

If you’re working on metric bikes save yourself some headaches and get JIS screwdrivers.

[@jdubb67]

You're not wrong lol

[@kjmdrumz3]

I just deal with the hyper flashing. Fuck all the rest of that.

[@jdubb67]

Sorry can't stand hyper flashing

[@paulr5154]

Any chance you have the link to the “crazy wiring” you where talking about? I’d like everything to work on this en500 I’m working on. Thanks🫡

[@jdubb67]

I unfortunately do not I'm sorry