Eruption Supervolcano Killed Off Neanderthals?! Campi Flegrei

[@EatShee-I-it]

Another excellent video. Thanks Kayleigh!

[@elvacoburg1279]

Another great video Kayleigh The thing to remember when Kayleigh says a 3 degree drop in temperature for Europe and 6 for Russia, is that Europe was already in the middle of the Weichselian High Glacial period (57,000-15000BP). From what I can make out from temperature graphs covering this period, the temperature was already 10-15 degrees (the graph I have is difficult to read, hence the range) colder than the present BEFORE the eruption, and by 36,000BP the temperature was 20 degrees below present values. Where the Neanderthals had endured such low temperatures many times over the previous 10's or thousands of years they had been around, the effect the ash might have had on the vegetation, with a mixture of blocking out the sun for potentially years, plus acid rain, and the knock on effect on animals, could, as Kayleigh said, have been the nail in the coffin for them. It would be interesting to see if there might have been a noticeable drop in the Homo Sapiens population in Europe at this time, or any other fossil evidence of a devastated Europe.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you for that clarification Elva!

[@user-es8si3cv8b]

I know that major erruption caursed problems in Afrika setting on a wave of migrations

[@user-es8si3cv8b]

A combination.climate incl.erruptions.outcompeted,Low Numbers incl.inbreeding, bad conditions for life incl colder climate and perhaps Ashes and acid Rain. absorption of individuels into modern Human societies……

[@vmitchinson]

You say 20 degrees colder? If your talking F then 20 is not as bad but if your talking C then the planet would be totally frozen. I believe Kayleigh is talking C. Since this is a scientific discussion Centigrade/Celsius would be used.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

@@vmitchinson yes i was talking Celsius ☺️

[@michaelgagliano450]

your hypothesis is very convincing awesome job Kayliegh

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you!

[@beowulfvladmax7710]

Interesting and plausible theory I have not come upon before. Fascinating. Thank you.

[@craigthescott5074]

Awesome informative video I like your personality too.

[@rootedexpeditions]

Another good one. Very interesting. This is fun 🤭😂

[@michaelhatchard8864]

Another great video, been watching a few of your videos, the last few weeks and find them fascinating. Worked over the road from a University 35 years ago, and quite a few of students and lecturers would come in, after a while I developed an interest in ancient society. Got told off multiple times from my employer for wasting time talking to these people for as long as I did. Ended up, some students and lecturers would pass on stuff from their courses to me to read, and they never got bored with my questions. Work and other commitments eventually took that hobby/interest away. The last few years have allowed me more free time to explore, and the internet has opened so many doors to learn, about our past(that were not available to me back then). The internet gives you all this information at your fingertips now, and you present it to normal people in an understandable way. Would be so much fun to pick your brain for info

[@barrywalser2384]

Good comments! I feel the same, it’s really good to rediscover that passion of knowledge.

[@MrMichaelAndrews]

What a great way to start the day. Once again, great job Kayleigh.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you!

[@onlythetruth4039]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh I think you will be the fastest KZbinr to reach 1 million subscribers. You have this magnetism that pull all the hungry curious minds from the internet.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you, i don't think I'll ever get to 1 million tho 🙈

[@onlythetruth4039]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh I have a feeling that you will, because you got a bright charisma and a great communicator, plus a beautiful sunshine smile that brighten our souls in the tormenting moments we live today. On top of that you are sitting on a wealth of new informations that you can tap in, and you produce many videos in short times. I have seen others quickly growing to half of millions, then a million after a while. Dr Todd Grande is one exemple, I remember like yesterday, when he only got 50k subscribers, but he came with his charisma and expertise, good communicator quality. Keep being yourself, the joy, humour and energy 😊. Especially the humour, you are very funny and it's contagious.

[@tmutant]

6:47 Yayy! Kayleigh will never stop making videos!

[@ftg150]

Stumbled across this. I'm subbed now

[@iqbalmohammed51im]

Thanks kay for educating me... I always look forward to your next class... Thank you..

[@benzell4]

Great video, informative and highly entertaining! The one, two of impact learning!

[@royalcreations3970]

Awesome. Love your research.

[@JT-el2kg]

I look forward to your content. It feeds my head.

[@jonahlefholtz8219]

Another excellent and informative video! Your sense of humor makes the information so much easier to learn and remember. Thank you!

[@reereekennedy3211]

Ancient architect sent sent me. Really great work putting the puzzle together. So many answers are found with the info we do know.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you! I'm very grateful to Ancient Architects and his support to my channel 🙂

[@chrisbishop874]

Been saying this for 10 years now..thank you!

[@lmkcrazy]

I'll enjoy your videos til we are all old and grey! Do what makes you happy, there will always be haters.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thanks Linda

[@DarthPlaya]

I am so glad to hear that you have so much content to continue these videos. Please don't stop. Thumbs up given.

[@ancientbuilds3764]

You are getting way way better at this. And you started off excellent.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you 🙂

[@APerson-lk3ys]

New subscriber here. OMG, you hit on my most favorite theory, so I comment first on this. Because archeological and paleo anthropological reasoning had Neanderthal all over the Levant (Israel, Lebanon, etc). This eruption would have allowed for another huge migration wave to come out of Africa. I think IMHO small groups were probably attacked and eaten by Neanderthals or some other top predator which kept modern humans bottled up. The theory is really cool. Yet we have to understand DNA and those in SE Asia that populated New Guinea and Australia 60,000+ years ago, which might have migrated during another super volcano much earlier. I like thinking of humanity and paleo societies as more akin to waves that flow rather than a steady stream.

[@APerson-lk3ys]

Extinction of Neanderthal, well I'm one for saying that climactic change and Neanderthals being stubborn had much to do with this. By stubborn, I am referring to research digs that compile their tools that remained unchanged for thousands if not tens of thousands of years, now that is stubborn. How many of us still use the same model mobile phone we had just a few years ago? Can you imagine trying to lug around a rotary phone with cords every where? :) Plus since I am loving the genome projects, one can see how Neanderthal DNA was incorporated into most all Europeans. So perhaps ancient man killed off the males and got uhm... frisky... as we all know of guys at some bar late night, taking home neanderthal looking women because they are... who they are. :)

[@LordDarque]

I like this. I'm really enjoying how you aren't looking at history happening as if it's in a bubble. I REALLY enjoy how you are breaking it down so it's not overly confusing for us laymen.

[@bulbhunter8648]

Holy crap, now that is a volcano. It looks like the Italians like to show off with their seismic events, ha. Another great video and love the humor mixed in.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you!! 🤗

[@dylanlivingston9629]

Thank you for the video and knowledge. Your good.

[@dawnatishauser4223]

You make history fun and hilarious. I wish I had more teachers like you.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you

[@harrietharlow9929]

You have a real gift for making human evolution much easier to understand. You rock!

[@jonathanbair523]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh Can you please try and add in a photo of what the water levels looked like at the time in your videos? As one time in human history England was all land mass with France and country in that area. Dogland I think it was called...

[@dantherpghero2885]

One of the issues that I keep seeing from Tonga is fresh drinking water. The ash seems to have contaminated the ground water. Could be another cause of death and hardship back then too.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Definitely agree with you there

[@mpetersen6]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh I'm wondering if the drop in regional temperatures along with the effects of the ash fall put a serious crimp in Neanderthal reproduction rates. Either by causing higher child mortality rates or lower fertility rates. A sharp rise could put them over the edge into a spiral.

[@jorgegonzalez-larramendi5491]

not to mention the physical rocking of the natural water caves wells etc. (secret:) in Florida we already are losing city wells to salt water intrusion. ron de caligula will Not inform you.. deep disturbances in those islands could ruin underground water caves for ahém many years.

[@lindadechiazza2924]

Doest Fiji sell bottle water? Why don't they give a discount to the kingdom of Tonga?

[@mpetersen6]

@@lindadechiazza2924 Do you honestly think Fiji actually sells bottled water it ships around the world. Versus a brand Fiji that sells bottled water that it bottles locally. In case you don't realize it most bottled water is just bottled fairly locally. And is a ripoff

[@wazigeralph]

Hele interessante video is dit. Had ik maar eerder deze video gekeken. En zeer zeker de moeite waard om eens dieper in dit onderwerp te duiken. Eigenlijk wel bizar het neemt leven weg en creëert het ook weer de aarde. Dank je.

[@barrywalser2384]

I always appreciate you bringing us these videos. You make this pre-history information so accessible and entertaining. THANK YOU for all you do!

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you Barry!

[@quantafreeze]

Great video! Thank you!

[@chestymon]

I have no idea, thanks for vid always a pleasure to watch awaiting next one, good viewing.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thanks!

[@yonaguska2050]

Refreshing video, as always.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you!

[@willparks3429]

Thank you very much for covering this eruption, you content does not disappoint

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you

[@zHySTeRiiAz]

Like all of your videos I have seen so far this if very informative and entertaining. Your passion for this subject truly comes through and its easy to tell how much fun you are having. Keep making them and I promise I will keep watching

[@shaneabrahamson8732]

Love the video

[@bernardtimmer6723]

Agreed and brilliant deduction. Campi Flegrei might well have shaped the evolution in Europe and indeed wordwide. I think your estimate regarding the drop in temperature and the duration of the cooling event 56.000 years ago might well be conservative.

[@johnirby8847]

Super volcano's now! I'm amazed at the amount of interesting material you come up with! Thanks for sharing talent with us :)

[@stephenjackson4968]

I love these videos, and how your personality shines through. And, on a slightly down note, if we do get another super volcano eruption any time soon, that would be very bad news for everyone.

[@galuyasdi]

Brilliant! While some concentrate on the specific details of the past, you do seem to not only do this, but focus more on the larger picture to form a more complete overview of what may have occured. This is not an ability to be taken lightly and is why I enjoy your videos so much. Very Well done, my dear.

[@dlow8423]

I love you're video's and you. I can watch or listen to you're video's while painting or making a bird house. You're video's are awesome and very informative.

[@orchunter8388]

You are very informative and charismatic and sweetly endearing and genuine. You are respectfully a perfect person. Do as much as you can as long as it’s fun. Good vibes to you.

[@timsmith6675]

Interesting and educational, as always! 😃

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you Tim!

[@konstantinavalentina3850]

Thank You! You've given me a whole new volcano to obsess about. :D I knew about the Toba eruption that was at one time thought to have caused a genetic bottleneck, but, that model, I think has changed and there might be argument that homo sapiens may have even thrived from that eruption. I also knew that there was supervolcano under Naples, but, I didn't know it had such "recent" eruption history. I will now obsess about it. :)

[@pohjanakka4992]

It's still quite lively. I studies geology during the 1980s and we made a field trip to Italy in order to get a look at volcanoes. One stop of course Naples. Frankly, what we were told about what had back then been going on with Campi Flegrei scared me. Mostly because there was a strong impression it was scaring the volcanologist who gave us a lecture about that.

[@philipduff2361]

Firstly I have to say well done, another excellent video. I personally love your babbling at the end and do not worry about always being a bit of a child......I'm 47 and still a kid in adults clothing.....fortunately my job doesn't involve sharp objects....:) As for whether I support the theory you presented....Absolutely !! The planet and its terrifying ability to blow up, shake, flood, freeze and more, is one of the main reasons why so many different forms of life and early hominids didn't get this far. It is still a sadly under acknowledged fact that our history and our species has always been at the mercy of a much more active and violent planet than is currently thought. It's probably down to the modern mans arrogance that it likes to delude itself into thinking we are somehow different from all the other humans that have been wiped out by this planet and that it's just not likely to happen to modern man with its I-phones and electric cars, but this planet has determined what does and doesn't live on it from the beginning.... That said, I am also in favour of the not just one thing argument which you elude to in your video. Extra terrestrial impacts can and have effected the eco system probably causing unique conditions on Earth that early species couldn't adapt to fast enough as well and the home grown wobbles of the planet. As well as changes in hunting grounds causing conflicts and genetic factors like the spreading of certain diseases and complications from cross breeding can all have played a hand in the downfall of particular species. But, all that said.....A super volcano eruption is well up there as a cause for the extinctions.....definitely. Have I just babbled myself....lol. well, you did ask. Keep up the great work. x

[@danielgardlock]

Thank You for another Great video. Waiting for the next. Watching from the 🇺🇸... Enjoyed the video as usual beautiful. Nothing wrong with Drinking. Blessings

[@JohnLaMonte]

Terrific work, research and presentation as usual. You make learning fun!

[@carolineschauvliege8798]

Heel goed werk👍doe zo voort😀 keep up the good work

[@oscresson]

Amazing that we've all wondered about our cousin species extinction, and might have missed a main factor. And we didn't even know about Denisovans until recently. How much else are we missing?!

[@joegonzalez6241]

We are missing millions of years worth of missing information. Everything up to now is speculation.

[@paulwilson2651]

It is.

[@harrietharlow9929]

Something tells me we're missing a lot.

[@mrt1320]

It's unreasonable to ignore this volcano's role in the extinction of these peoples. A look at other animal extinctions at that time is warranted. As well homo sapiens had an almost extinction according to our genealogy. When was that? I wonder what a genealogical analysis of mammoth DNA would reveal? There were some archeological neanderthal sites that showed extreme starvation for many generations. The timing of those might shed light on it. The entire population of the neanderthal and denisovans were in the worst affected areas of the eruption. One wonders if homo sapiens would have survived a like scenario? Further much of the homo sapiens environment was far warmer than the other species. It is certain that would make it easier for homo sapiens. Behind the exaltation of the superiority of Sapiens is a very sapiens centric point of view.

[@daveknight8410]

We did survive multiple events, also in some of the same places and times. That's why we are down to only 6 family's we are all descended from. There is more diversity in one family of chimpanzees than every person alive today. That's how close it was. We are alive because we lived every where & that was only just enough

[@lisashiplett7659]

This period in time of human evolution is the most captivating for me. I came upon Jean Auel's work of fiction as a child and my interest in Neanderthals grew. Granted, I'm not as well studied or versed as most, but I do enjoy the different avenues of study on the subject. I'm now on my way to view your other videos on this period in time. Thanx ❤

[@MrWakeupWorld]

Keep up the good work Kayleigh, I especially like the humerus part on your behalf, good stuff very interesting 😊

[@seafoambeachcomb]

Kayleigh! You're so great & I mean that! I've learned so much from you & I know we could be great friends! You remind me so much of my step-sister. You've inspired me to keep learning because there is so much I don't know! Much love! 🩷

[@kennethkarlsson6796]

Well done, like

[@ppj3730]

yet again a wonderful presentation . this particular one leaves one to wonder about what the earth can do to us as opposed to we do to the earth ! .. love your stuff thanks .

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you so much!

[@stephenbarlow2493]

The most obvious mechanism or dynamic at work I can see here is that the Neanderthal and Denisovan populations were almost entirely confined to Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Whereas Homo sapiens had a much more widespread population further away from this supervolcano. The critical impacts of this eruption would be relative short lived, say years, in which it made conditions very challenging. Meaning the whole populations of Neanderthals and Denisovans would be greatly reduced, but these areas could quickly be re-populated by Homo sapiens, whose core populations would have been far less effected. Meaning you would perhaps have had Europe and Asia with relative low populations of hominids. After a recovery, non-human animal populations would recover faster, making it very attractive for Homo sapiens to expand into these areas. This might explain Homo sapiens interbreeding with both Neanderthals and Denisovans, then being assimilated into the bigger Homo sapiens populations moving into this relative empty areas from less effected populations. Hominids are probably a fairly slow growing populations if there was a sudden depopulation, with long generations and slow reproduction. Meaning Homo sapiens would have been able to rapidly populate the area, faster than Neanderthals and Denisovans, could recover in the areas of their core population. I'm looking at this from the perspective of an ecologist, rather than an anthropologist. I have a big interest in the latter, but training in the former.

[@joegonzalez6241]

Funny how no real homo sapians remains have been found past 75k to 100k years.

[@benjaminjo]

Kayleigh, you are the hottest, nerdiest, quirkiest, and knowledagble history teacher I've ever seen in my life. Where the hell were you when I was in grade school?! I would not have had ANY problems staying awake in your class! haha! Lastly, I appreciate the scripted moments (didn't even know you were reading one!) and the off-beat, you're-personality-moments sprinkled in the mix. You got something very unique here. Keep going! I'm rooting for you!

[@baukedeboer5543]

Nice video :-) By the way: I am no expert. But according to genetic research basically no "modern humans" living in Europe before the eruption have contributed genetically to "modern humans'' after 39000 years ago in/outside of Europe. So in that sense, modern humans have disappeared too, from the same (combination of) disasters. Other groups of modern humans repopulated Europe from the Middle East. (With some Neanderthal DNA included in their DNA). Great Book by David Reich: "Who we are and how we got here". Just to share some info. Hope you find it interesting! (Magnet Field went grazy too around the same period). Ciao. Bauke

[@stivosaurus]

Two opposable thumbs up for the book "Who We Are And How We Got Here". Actual full genome analysis of human populations with maps and diagrams. I was blown away.

[@stripeytawney822]

@@stivosaurus I am stealing "TOTU" for an expression of approval!

[@sleekoduck]

There were pockets, but they seem to have died out.

[@everettduncan7543]

@@sleekoduck or if not dead out, interbred with newcomers from the southeast

[@mikedeck8381]

Hey Sleekoduck. The only issue we have studying this subject is the amount of evidence can be scanty. The bones have to survive and then we have to find them. It's a fluid science and it's changed a lot in my lifetime as new stuff gets found.

[@robyn_roamz]

This is an interesting hypothesis. I believe that the eruption had a much greater effect on anything living at the time on the Italian peninsula than it did on the hominids living in the area of Russia though. I enjoy your videos and I’m always happy to know that you fo careful research.

[@cicad2007]

Kayleigh, I didn't know the Phlegraean Fields were a super volcano. More information frm a great presenter. Thanks. :-)

[@yeoldfart8762]

PS. Yes please keep making these type of videos!

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

I will

[@albeefire22]

I love history, thoroughly enjoy your videos, appreciate your pronunciation of unique words and find your slightly goofball antics appealing. I’ve always been interested in anthropology so topics like this and your passion are awesome. Thank you. And I look forward to seeing the video about Neanderthal reproduction. I brought up their gestation period in a previous video so I’m on the edge of my seat. Thank you, love your work.

[@uncledick50]

Fascinating, thank you Kayleigh. The Neanderthals and the Homo sapiens as well as the Denisovans all melded together to make modern man. Initial hybrids may well have been a result of negative interactions. Fred Flintstone dragging Wilma by the hair. Subsequent hybrids were seen as very attractive to other tribe Members. Mass interbreeding doubtlessly took thousands of years and the Neanderthals and the Denisovans merely faded away. Four percent of our gene pool could represent population ratios of forty thousand years ago. D

[@oscresson]

Here's a thought: could you give us a list of sources in the description so we can follow up on the exciting information you're giving us? You are our bridge to the literature.

[@Darisiabgal7573]

But Toba was worse. BTW, the 36000 year old eruption left a fingerprint in Greenland ice core. Did the volcanoe cause the extinction of the Neanderthals? That depends on whether you think the late date of Neanderthals on Gibraltar. The problem with paleontology is that in most cases it can only give the smallest possible time range when a species lived, that range is subject to the next new discovery, or redating. Based on the literature I cannot say with confidence when they went extinct. There were many devastating eruptions over the course of the last two ice ages, these hominids survived these. The calamities they did not survive, apparently were immediately preceded by the expansion of genetically African derivatives into their ranges. There is however an ascertainment bias at work given the fact we are dealing with waves and unknown populations of the past. To say they survived is a hand waving argument. Something survived, maybe not the same thing that was present before a particular calamity. So for instance homo antecessor was a thing until heidelbergensis show up, Zoukuodian erectus was a thing until Denisovans show up. So it’s possible that is a general thing that when calamity strikes a region hominids from a different place move in, admix with the remnant and replace them. I’m old, I don’t want to prejudge stuff like my younger years, i need to see better evidence. Coke is bad for your teeth - drink green tea. 😎

[@paulanderson2657]

Excellent...thankyou ..I am fascinated that so called indigenous people in the Pacific have high proportions of both denosavian and neanderthal genes ...depending upon which part of the Pacific ocean...I have read that the proportion is higher than in Europeans...I love your work...thank you...

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Watch my dedicated Denisovan video from a few weeks ago, i go more in depth about it in that video 🤗

[@jesserosas88]

Just came across your chanel, loved and subscribed beautiful 😉 Loved your sence of humor ☺️

[@thevenbede767]

From what I've seen the Hunga Ha'apai eruption was only around a 4 to low 5. It seems bigger because the eruption was powerful over a much smaller time scale. Usually these eruptions last between 4 to 100 hours long but the Hunga Ha'apai eruption lasted only 10 minutes. This was because a landslide exposed the vent of the volcano to ocean water allowing it to travel down the vent until the pressure from the water flashing to steam caused a massive explosion but not lasting long and not erupting as much material as is needed for a massive VEI rating.

[@francispitts9440]

I love you exactly the way you are. I know I’m old fashioned but I absolutely love long hair on a girl. It’s beautiful. You have a great speaking voice and style along with informative videos. Keep going the way you are.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thanks

[@daegudiva]

"If I don't have a truck run into my body I will be fine" Reasonable, very reasonable! Loved the video

[@TheDevilock666]

I know creators don't have control over adds but thought you would like to know there was a 30 second add for the creation museum haha. And I must like your channel cause I didn't skip it. So you got ad revenue from the creation museum, thats a thing that happened haha.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

That's dope 🤗

[@promiscuous5761]

Thank you..

[@feliciabilyeu4311]

Your doing a great job yt has sharks in the comments 👏 keep the videos coming

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you Felicia!

[@CwL-1984]

Outstanding 👍👍

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you

[@leethompson9473]

great video kayleigh you should have a talk with Randall carlson about mass extinctions keep up the good work

[@randomcontent2205]

Nice video. I like to think the surviving populations of Hominids were peacefully absorbed by our ancestors. Taken in as refugees or welcomed as helping hands in the family group. It is quite possible that did happen in some cases, though the "conflict" and "out-compete" theorist will call me sentimental. We are sure genes were exchanged, as we have evidence for that now. I am willing to give our ancestors a break, and hope for more cooperation than conflict. Evidence of mixed ancestry family groups have recently surfaced if memory is good. I am going for @Stefan Milo's "boinkfest" idea.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Haha i do enjoy his idea too 🤗

[@jjhantsch8647]

Homo sapiens gene exchange with Neanderthals probably occurred when both species were barely eking out an existence due to environmental difficulties. Only non-African sourced homo sapiens (post-African) have the gene exchange which dates to after they left Africa, but when the post-Africa population was very small. This supervolcano eruption was probably too late by several 10,000 years for that and the observed bottleneck in human genome is normally the Toba supervolcano eruption of roughly 70,000 years ago.

[@marenpurves4493]

Out-compete theorists may call you sentimental. Geneticists who have found Neanderthal genes in today's people I'm sure will not.

[@deviantoutcast]

Let's not forget though: mutual and equal consent has reached the human vocabulary only in the last

[@randomcontent2205]

@@jjhantsch8647 Once again this is such a fascinating and fast moving field, this DNA stuff. I believe recent finds have Neanderthal admix in African populations, which was found after some adjustment of search parameters. Toba was a killer for sure, and would have impacted all life on the planet at the time. Later man.

[@ronweed2030]

I was unaware of this - interesting hypothesis and consideration of physiological differences of Neanderthal - makes for more potential interesting conjecture. Neanderthals were thought to have required as much as 4,480 calories per day to keep them alive in the European winter. For a modern human male, 2,500 daily calories are recommended. A high-calorie intake requires more oxygen to burn the sugars, fats and proteins in our cells to produce energy.

[@thehobo-tographer7652]

Bravo! Bravo! 🌷💐

[@VTPSTTU]

Thanks for the video. I don't know the topic well enough to have an opinion. Until I saw this video, I was not aware of this volcanic eruption around that time. I would think that an eruption that put ash all over Europe would almost have to have a negative effect on the people living there. The ash would likely contribute to them having breathing problems. The ash might contribute to the animals that they hunted having breathing problems. The result could be both people and animals suffering more lung disease. The idea seems to fit, but again, I don't know the topic well enough to have an opinion. How much of these ash deposits remain in Europe? How thick are the deposits at different locations? I understand that the communities of these early people groups would be small, but if a fairly large layer of ash fell fairly quickly, maybe entire communities would be buried over the course of a few days or weeks. People wouldn't be preserved as well as those of Pompeii were. Because they weren't immediately next to the volcano, large groups of them wouldn't be found together. Even so, I can imagine small tribes of these early people suddenly finding the air filled with chocking ash and knowing that they had to go somewhere. They would grab what they could carry and start walking. Years ago, I studied caving accidents. In many of these accidents where people were trapped, there seemed to be a pattern of the entire group continuing to move as long as one leader had the drive to keep moving and will the group forward. When that leader saw the situation as hopeless, he (usually a guy) would just stop and wait to die. The others would stop with him, and they would die together. Many people studying what happened would believe that they all died about the same time. I mention this because I can imagine this small group of early people walking towards any place where they could hope to escape. They would be coughing and wheezing from the clouds of ash. Maybe they would keep going as long as one leader willed them forward. When that leader lost hope, they would die together. I mention this scenario because I wonder whether remains have ever been found in the ash deposited by this volcano. Do you know whether remains have been found in the ash layer? Do you know whether people have ever tried to look? How deeply is the ash layer buried or has it all eroded? While finding the remains of tiny groups of escaping people in the expanse of Europe would be the proverbial needle in a haystack, I'd still be curious about looking there if the ash layer is accessible anywhere. If there are expanses of ash layer that are somewhat close to the surface but not eroded, maybe someone could use ground-penetrating radar to look for fossilized bones of these people. This might lead to finding several of them together, and that could lead to new information about them.

[@lilumartini]

Your ramble at the end is always fun though lol

[@robertcook5201]

Cheers to you young lady, have fun while you can. And prost from an 84 year old Geologist (there weren't so many subspecialties when I graduated.) Again enjoy. Also great job.

[@Red_Proton]

Thank you for another great video. Maybe you can do a video comparing/contrasting all super volcanoes of earth?

[@rossriley3818]

Ooo you nailed it!!

[@waynesmallwood6027]

Kayleigh: You're definitely not like my college instructors. In many ways, all good.

[@LynnaeaEmber]

Kayleigh you are fun. I'd love to have you at one of my parties. If you ever plan on coming to Tennessee let me know. When I was a kid, and sill am at 75, I wanted to be an archeologist. You are so lucky your parents supported the interests of you and your sister. (Paleontology is my other love).

[@bobbucks]

just discovered you, you're great BUT now im afraid of volcano's again. Time to build a bunker or something

[@savevsdeath]

Not gonna lie, I watch these videos because I love looking at Kayleigh. The education is just a lovely bonus.

[@anthonyhudson3158]

Cool video. Interesting 🤨

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you!

[@guygraham8435]

Love your lessons,you rock !

[@ThatTieDyeGuy]

PPS... holy sheep-shite 14,693 views in two days, wow :D Congrats, dude

[@salilsahani2721]

Thank you :)

[@christzaffary4304]

I always feel smarter after watching Kayleigh.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Thank you! 🙂

[@gregathorne6820]

It makes a lot of sense, more sense than being out hunted and out farmed at a time where plants and animals were more plentiful than they are now. It's good to remember normally no 1 thing kills off a population that wide spread. Although an eruption of this magnitude would get the ball rolling towards extinction in a big way, and fast. Resources everyone needs to survive would suddenly become scarce. Good neighbors in primitive times that were used to sharing plentiful resources would become desperate for whatever they can get, and take care of their own first. Isolationist fighting would ensue, even for the ones who began their forced migration. Any survivors of the migration would be absorbed into other populations if they didn't get themselves killed desperately burgling the first people they met.

[@sneeringimperialist6667]

All of the time humans have spent trying to kill each other, and it could all be ended by an upwelling of magma in an old volcano...

[@oldmanofthemountains3388]

Your ramblings at the end are so much fun! 🤣

[@jerrydrouillard]

That would have caused literal acid rain. It would have literally rained battery acid.

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

Yup 😅

[@davidlafleche1142]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh Actually, everything on Earth, except for eight people and the animals on the Ark, were killed off by the Flood. "And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man: all in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died" (Genesis 7:21-22, KJV).

[@Blend-24]

I believe that these two extinct humans were possibly taken out by the supervolcano but they were most likely on a decline already. Modern humans were already intruding into their areas and hunting etc., etc., so the food competition was already hindering their food sources.

[@TTANA]

Kayleigh this was the first video I've ever seen I truly loved it and it was very informative :) and you yourself especially make it interesting :) I have a question for you. Have you ever heard of the supervolcano under Yellowstone National Park ? And if so what would you know about it. Or have you already made a video on it ?

[@scoobydoo936]

Wait, there is supervolcano under the Yellowstone park? Why has no one ever covered it?

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

It's covered a lot actually by mainstream media in the late 90's early 2000's

[@TTANA]

@@scoobydoo936 there most certainly is. . :)))

[@TTANA]

@@HistoryWithKayleigh I was just wondering if you ever covered it or if you would consider it ? But I truly do appreciate the time you took to reply thank you very much :) ) you are awesome Kayleigh xoxoxo

[@HistoryWithKayleigh]

@@TTANA i look into human history, so i don't think i would cover it unless it's connected to a piece of history having to do with humans 🙂

[@leekestner1554]

I have always believed that an intense eruption caused people to tell the story of Persephone and Hades and Demeter who was so sorrowful at the loss of her daughter that she didn't bring the spring and summer for several years.

[@schiffelers3944]

Yellow Stone Park - is a supervolcano and scientists are monitoring these/this volcano(s) for like wise reasons. St. Hellen's eruption was also a blast. Looking forward to future videos.

[@clayhielscher7108]

Absolutely love your videos. I Appreciate your take on things. "Extinctions are fun" 🤣🤣

[@jamesneary663]

It's better than the sapien murder theory. I've never heard of that volcano. Going to look it up.

[@Jagdtyger2A]

One of the more insidious effects of a Super volcano eruption is the fine ash suspended in the air for extended periods of time that could destroy lung tissue and increased UV from Ozone layer depletion. These would put high survival stress on smaller human populations