Kpler's Matt Smith on Venezuela-Guyana dispute: The referendum was symbolic more than anything else

[@venroymontaque3047]

The Commonwealth Stands With Guyana

[@vanillafugess123]

Since 1777 with the creation of the Captaincy General of Venezuela by Charles III, the Essequibo River developed as the eastern border between Spain and the Netherlands (Old Holland), from its source to its mouth into the Atlantic Ocean. However, the possession of this territory would only be de jure, since it would not be fully colonized by Spain. In 1814, Great Britain came into possession of the Dutch colonial territories of Demerara, Berbice and Essequibo. In 1822 Venezuela was forced to protest the continuous invasions of English settlers into Venezuelan territory. The Venezuelan minister in London, José Rafael Revenga, on instructions from Simón Bolívar, presented the official complaint to the British authorities in the following terms: "The settlers of Demerara and Berbice have usurped a large portion of land that according to the latest treaties between Spain and the Netherlands belongs to us on the side of the Essequibo River. We Venezuelans do not have the flag of political parties when it comes to our Guayana Esequiba. Whoever is in the presidency for more than the last 200 years, we are united to give it legal status before the world, which is our territory and our ancestral tribes who fought against the Spanish empire, then our liberators defeated the Spanish crown, retaking our borders. There are documents, books and many pieces of evidence, the territory does not have a political flag, it belongs to Venezuela.

[@venroymontaque3047]

@@vanillafugess123 most of the Caribbean was affected by British colonialism your country is no different. To come here and preach history of what happened back then by the British is very pathetic. We as african decent is not crying about reparations etc. The Caribbean is peaceful let it stay that way instead of being a political pawn to your president campaign.

[@mybuttsmellslikebutterbut207]

@@venroymontaque3047We are starting with Guyana, then Trinidad, and the rest of the Caribbean.

[@Arational]

Guyana must be protected from Venezuela. Venezuela already has huge oil reserves but are too incompetent to bring it to market at volume.

[@GaloCanibal]

The quality of Venezuelan oil is poor for refining. Obviously it does not justify these actions👎.

[@martinezanamaria26]

I agree, I'm sure the people in 🇬🇾 have more freedom and safety than people in Venezuela. Fight for your land Guyaneses

[@marklawson9326]

Y'all better get your facts right! The Dutch ceded the Essequibo to the British in 1844. At that time there were no westerly boundaries set ,west of the Essequibo river and the lands east of the Orinoco river in Venezuela. Venezuela in alliance with the USA complained about the boundaries and America told the British that the matter should go to arbitration. This matter was awarded and settled between British Guyana and Venezuela in 1899.

[@sadiaustin5657]

That is correct! Essequibo was never Spanish/Venezuelan territory.

[@JuanGarnicaVera]

@@sadiaustin5657 It was always Venezuelan.

[@JuanGarnicaVera]

The arbritation didn't allow any Venezuelan during the discussion. Now you tell me if that was fair. It is clear that the land was stolen and the arbitration was only a facade. By the way later discovered.

[@pooranoutar563]

Good reporting but i think the history of the dispute needs a bit more research! Thank you for covering this story! In Guyana, we need all the support to overcome this adversity!

[@martinezanamaria26]

Guyana is their own country therefore borders have to be respected

[@Johncena-en7tp]

All the big countries are backing guyana because of oil but none of them are mentioning the poverty rate in oil rich guyana.

[@xrydersx]

the question is what is the real reason for Venezuela to annex Guyana if Venezuela already have so much crude oil?

[@JamesR1986]

1. Greed, the only thing better then a lot of crude oil is more crude oil. 2. Internal politics, the West and Maduro are working on an arrangement where they let up on sanctions in exchange for elections being held in Venezuela. A war with Guyana either rallies the nationalists in Venezuela around Maduro, or gives him an excuse to delay said elections. 3. Pride/national security. GDP growth in Guyana is going to the moon right now, despite oil only be discovered there a few years ago. And if Guyana becomes the UAE of South America it's going to make the poor, dysfunctional Venezuela look pretty stupid and also vulnerable to the influence of it's now much wealthier neighbor.

[@PearlOfTheQuarter23]

Hmm I wonder what other country is currently trying to annex another that Maduro might be in league with.

[@xrydersx]

@first-last-null a hefty business of fishing and mining was done the the territory for many years, why didn't they do anything then. Instead, they waited when the other nation had so many allies and top it off with their current sanctions...it's not clear

[@PearlOfTheQuarter23]

@@first-last-null Not sure what you are advocating but Guyana has peacefully protected the rainforest region that is Essequibo for many years and now that it has become an emerging economy a dictator in cahoots with Putin wants to do a land grab and you seem to be okay with that.

[@PearlOfTheQuarter23]

@@first-last-null Agreed there are no clear good guys politically but how do we see this playing out for the citizens of a small peaceful country. Being Guyanese I have an emotional attachment

[@sandmancesar]

To say Venezuela wants the Essequibo because of the oil is pretty dumb. Venezuela has the biggest oil reserves in the world, they dwarf the Essequibo reserves. The reason is political, not economical.

[@P2Feener305]

That plantain maduro (platano maduro) thinks this will be like taking candy from a baby…he’s going to be sadly mistaken. 🔥🇻🇪🔥🇻🇪🔥

[@traderboi2662]

Former bus driver turned political activist turned "president". 😂😂

[@yodefosumari1020]

The Guyanese president, Irfaan Ali, must be willing to negotiate the division of the Essequibo territory with the Venezuelan president, Nicolás Maduro, to resolve the historic border dispute between both countries in a friendly, practical and satisfactory manner as mandated by the Geneva agreement. 1966.

[@mynameiswoman]

These news media are mischievous! The essequibo is not a disputed region, the dispute was settled in 1899. This is a claim by Venezuela on that territory. Guyana know that territory belong to them and they have no disputes with Venezuela.

[@yossefworetaw2243]

🤦🏽‍♂️ IF THIS START A WAR ITS PROOFS ITS ALL ABOUT SELFISHNESS. WHY FIGHT FOR THE RESOURCED WHEN YOU CAN SHARE IT TOGETHER IF YOU CANT FIND A AGREEMENT ON WHO OWNS WHAT SHARE THE PROFIT THAT CONE FROM IT AND BOTH COUNTRY WILL KEEP THERE FRIENDSHIP NO BODY NEEDS TOO DIE FOR THIS NONSENSE

[@Charitydonate28]

There nothing to share it's guyana land.

[@Drijoow00]

Essequibo belongs to Guyana 🇬🇾 history and laws trying to bully Guyana 🇬🇾 democracy

[@akeshmaharaj1020]

If Donald trump was in power this was never going to happen.

[@chriskondiah741]

Never. Maduro would be in hell with Epstein

[@karencita2527]

We didn't vote on anything. Thank you.

[@JuanGarnicaVera]

Venezuela doesn't claim rights on Guyana territory. Venezuela claims the rights on the Essequibo territory which was stolen by the British.

[@cheddijagan2853]

The Dutch were the first foreigners to settle Essequibo in the 1500's, the Spanish never settled nor conquered it(neither have Venezuelans to this day), yet they wrongfully claimed it in their Gran Colombia map in the 1700's. How can you claim land you never settled nor conquered? The indigenous people of Essequibo also allied themselves with the Dutch to protect Essequibo from the murderous Spanish regime that wanted it, with the daughter of a tribal chief even marrying one of the Dutch leaders to solidify this alliance. The cowardly Spanish regime tried to invade Essequibo and ran away when they encountered the Dutch force allied with 10,000+ Amerindians guarding. Instead the Spanish resorted to terrorist like activities by sabotaging and raiding various forts across the county but never managed to conquer it. The British inherited it from the Dutch but western borders were not defined. Fast forward to 1899 when the VENEZUELAN SIDE WON the judgement(Yes-this is the part they don't tell Venezuelans in school) with the help of the USA because they(and the USA) wanted the Orinocco river in order to control the shipping lanes whilst the British got left with empty jungle. BOTH parties respected this decision about the borders. VENEZUELA INITIALLY ACCEPTED THE 1899 TREATY even though they falsely claim they didn't. You can easily expose their lies by looking at official stamps and maps issued by the Venezuela govt after 1899 that shows the Essequibo belonging to Guyana. Fast forward another 63 yrs when Venezuela "discovered" a post humous memo written by Mallet-Prevost that says the British were up to hanky panky with the Russians in 1899 to favor Britain in the Treaty(Britain was not favored in this treaty as mentioned earlier as they lost Orinocco). This memo was found after everyone who participated in the 1899 treaty was dead, so it could not be cross examined to verify this hanky panky allegation by one man. Can you overturn an International Treaty based on a dead man's "Dear Diary" entry that was never validated? ABSURD!! The Geneva agreement does not invalidate the 1899 Treaty. This dead man's memo is what Venezuela's entire claim to that land is based on, which is also why they are terrified of going to the ICJ to back up their claims, they have no legit claims. Essequibo is, was, and will always be Guyana. The ICJ will rule in favor of Guyana which will make it two times that we've defeated Venezuela over the Essequibo issue.

[@blitzr2300]

Remember, Paris Arbitral Agreement of 1899 was corrupt, Uk bridge two juzges and a charlatan cartographer, and there is a reason why 90% of Guyana's population dont live in Essequibo

[@joseaugustofigueiredo2796]

There's no point in showing waterfalls, they'll all be spoiled by most Brazilian waterfalls.

[@hobbeeforturitpublishingll3970]

Weak Biden everybody goes crazy.

[@Drijoow00]

Venezuela trying to bully Guyana essequibo belongs to Guyana 🇬🇾 laws and justice will protect

[@irvinjramos]

Gas shouldn’t be more than $2 a gallon

[@lenoxbobb4801]

The dispute was settled by the 1899 Arbitration Award.

[@air-1579]

Considering Venezuela already printed and distributed new maps.

[@kentprince4851]

Venezuela never had control of essiquibo. Venezuela only had a claim

[@JeanPierreB1]

🇬🇾 is occupying a territory that has been stolen (1899) by the 🇬🇧.Remember SCHOMBURG ?.It’s time to directly negotiate with Venezuela 🇻🇪 within the Geneva agreement and not through foreign corporations terms. Ali , Don’t be stubborn and greedy !

[@jfk9211]

Caricom shall not let this war happen

[@lucmarchand617]

Thank you bring your guest.here canada most alberta production increase and 2 new pipeline open start 2024 for trans mountain and trans canada oil and gas.oilsand still doing well,drilling same but flat,new chemical upgrade and open soon.dow chemical will upgrade at 8 billions dollars yup in east edmonton alberta.myself work oilfield 30.years in western canada lots change.alaska will upgrade and modernize the oilfield up north with expansion more drilling.your guest told true everything is fine what he said true.thanks video .😊 and A

[@lgnh6430]

A reminder to maduro is the demise of saddam husein. The world does not want a brutal dictator to control more oil and gas

[@vanillafugess123]

Since 1777 with the creation of the Captaincy General of Venezuela by Charles III, the Essequibo River developed as the eastern border between Spain and the Netherlands (Old Holland), from its source to its mouth into the Atlantic Ocean. However, the possession of this territory would only be de jure, since it would not be fully colonized by Spain. In 1814, Great Britain came into possession of the Dutch colonial territories of Demerara, Berbice and Essequibo. In 1822 Venezuela was forced to protest the continuous invasions of English settlers into Venezuelan territory. The Venezuelan minister in London, José Rafael Revenga, on instructions from Simón Bolívar, presented the official complaint to the British authorities in the following terms: "The settlers of Demerara and Berbice have usurped a large portion of land that according to the latest treaties between Spain and the Netherlands belongs to us on the side of the Essequibo River. We Venezuelans do not have the flag of political parties when it comes to our Guayana Esequiba. Whoever is in the presidency for more than the last 200 years, we are united to give it legal status before the world, which is our territory and our ancestral tribes who fought against the Spanish empire, then our liberators defeated the Spanish crown, retaking our borders. There are documents, books and many pieces of evidence, the territory does not have a political flag, it belongs to Venezuela.

[@eonbollers2726]

If there is evidence it belongs to Venezuela why Venezuela just don't participate in the case at the ICJ. But no, there's no real evidence and Venezuela knows this. The Spanish never controlled the Essequibo and that's a fact.

[@CRIMELAB357]

Make a blog, geesh

[@inhocsignovinces1081]

Essequibo lies in Guyana, so get over it and stop chewing peyote.

[@blitzr2300]

UK stole land, all the Essequibo, and it was nothing new back then, It was a frequent UK policy during that century. This dispute is legal based, Injustice of this world is shocking.

[@annethasamaroo3351]

Why are Venezuelans behaving like kids… you are entitled to Essequibo….Essequibo belongs to GUYANA

[@air-1579]

The US is asleep at the wheel, Venezuela has full support of China and Russia on this

[@italianozuzu1232]

Venezuela it's just fighting terrorism in Guyana 😂😂😂😂

[@garo52]

Joe should retire..he's kinda clueless at times 🤔

[@chri6393]

Ah, colonialism, will your consequences ever stop lol

[@4mb127]

Victimhood complex is toxic.

[@thecoin5394]

​@@4mb127neo colonislism. The two biggest colonial power in the 16th - 19th century were Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie, a dutch company that colonized modern day Indonesia for more than 300 years, and East India Company that basically colonized India.

[@007mooo6]

​​​​@@thecoin5394funny thing is that everyone leaves out dutch involvement when they were the only ones (europeans cause guyanese amerindians are always here) in essequibo all the way to orinoco before the British. Becuase Venezuelans always start with the spansih empire map and no reason as to how they got the map and literally leave out the Dutch who were in guyana for almost if not more than 2 centuries is crazy. They leave out years of how how slavery started in guyana to suit their narrative that essequibo was theirs and how thier territory was invaded (which it wasnt). Sure our amerindian villages were invaded, just not by the Spanish. By the Dutch, French and English. I don't know why they want to have their ancestors added to the list.

[@DCFQuintanilha]

Brazil stands with Venezuela. Brazil also lost the pirara area in esequibo for the britsh.

[@MrDude826]

No it doesn't .

[@GuillermoMartinez-y4b]

Exxon screwing Guyana

[@beikersaez4713]

I see everyone seeing Guyana as the poor victim small country and see Venezuela as an agresive bully country but the reality is that there is an agreement from 1966 called the Geneva agreement which UK and Guyana recognized and signed, therefore Venezuela has been trying to bring Guyana back to the negotiation table as settled in the Geneva agreement but instead they just has been issuing licences to Exxon and Chevron to exploit the oil in the Esequibo region ignoring Venezuela and the Geneva agreement

[@venroymontaque3047]

The Commonwealth is ready let's goo already pathetic

[@guyanasun4361]

Good thing Venezuela isn't Grand Columbia and has no right to British or Guyanese territory, especially when the argument is another nation that doesn't exist anymore once holding that territory. Guyana took the legal path and reaffirmed its right over Essequibo Guyana. Venezuela avoids law because it's a criminal state now operating for the personal interest of a dictator. .

[@amirnazir1000]

You don't encourage people to come "to the table" by setting up a referendum to annex and take back what you think belongs to you, both parties were involved with signing the agreement why only now with the introduction of oil Venezuela is rushing to take over?

[@jerrellholder8382]

What about the 1899 agreement that you sign and build a monument and stamps commerating this..??it's just because guyana is a poor country without a proper army if this was Brazil or Columbia your nose would get bloody..

[@beikersaez4713]

@@jerrellholder8382 Internet has tons of information about pretty much everything you can open a tab in your browser and type Mallet - Prevost memoradum there you will find the reason why Venezuela do not take as valid the 1899 arbitration of Paris

[@marissaramitt5870]

🇬🇾🇬🇾🇬🇾🇬🇾

[@montanitaplease5715]

I like that Venezuelan oil 🛢️ 🌎 means with this annexation to Guyana, Venezuela 🇻🇪 it would be the first country in the world to have the largest oil reserves in the world, what not 😆

[@LokiTheGodofMischief]

History shows that the region was always part of GranColombia.

[@007mooo6]

A map is not history. Guyana colonial history began with the Dutch in the late 1500s. Dutch occupation in essequibo was in the 1600s. The Dutch were the only Europeans to occupy all the way to orinoco. Venezuela twisted propaganda ignores and erases centuries of our guyanes history.

[@joseerasmocolmenaressalas9681]

Well if you really moral coutry why you don not back Texas, Arizona California to Mexico coz this territories

[@godogs89]

Because all of those lands belonged to native Americans and not the Mexican empire. Mexico stole those plus all of Central America down to Panama after gaining independence and has since lost a lot through rebellions and their own racism.

[@albertacevedo5913]

Esequibo Territory has been always part of Venezuela. The British stole it and even admitted it by signing an agreement in the United Nations with Venezuela in 1966 when Guyana did not even exist as a Republic (just read more, investigate more, check the UN files), as simple as that. It is a legal and civilized thing, what was stolen needs to be given back! Venezuela has been always peaceful.

[@teddyteddy3636]

So why wait so long Why you didn't take it 50yrs ago If you know it's yours

[@albertacevedo5913]

always searching peace body@@teddyteddy3636

[@briansanchez6699]

@@teddyteddy3636because the time isn’t always right. But also 50 years is nothing when it comes to border disputes. You are thinking in terms of a human life not in terms of the timescale civilizations interact with

[@jorgarb]

Esequiba Territory belongs to Guyana. It is not and will be a part of Venezuela. The US military has already arrived.

[@jayajora]

Why did you sign Border agreement in 1899 if you truly believed it is yours ? Huh?

[@ulrichlachman1216]

Suriname also has a border dispute with Guyana If the Venezuelan government of Nicolás Maduro decides tomorrow to annex the Essequibo area following a military action following a referendum, the Guyanese will be faced with a taste of their own medicine. The Venezuelans have been claiming the Essequibo area for decades, because they assume that during the colonial administration of the British - in what is now called Guyana - the aforementioned area was confiscated by the German Robert Hermann Schomburgk by drawing up false maps. . Venezuela was certainly no match for the British militarily at that period, so the area was added to Guyana. It must be clear that the British also wanted a so-called foothold on the mainland of South America. On our side too, the British have done everything they can to steal territory from the other colonizers in the North Sea. The fact that part of present-day Guyana also belonged to the colony of Suriname can still be deduced from the Dutch names in certain places. But it was the same Robert Hermann Schomburgk who ascended the Corentijn and also after this journey drew up a false map for the British, in which he indicated that the Coeroeni Cutari was the upper course of the Corantijn River. He had not seen the truly much larger stream of water that we call the Upper Corantijn. Later, upon further investigation by the British Barrington Brown, the Upper Corantijn - which he called the New River - turned out to be the real upper course, creating the so-called Tigri Delta, located between Coeroeni, Cutari, Upper Corantijn and the Acarai Mountains, without there was no doubt that it should be regarded as Surinamese territory. However, the British wanted nothing to do with Barrington Brown's findings. In 1969, before our political independence, President Forbes Burnham of Guyana, which became independent in 1966, decided to occupy the Tigri Delta by means of military force. As is known, the Netherlands, which still had to defend Suriname as a part of the empire, did not intervene. Due to this annexation and the violent actions of Guyana, Suriname still has a border dispute with that country, just like Venezuela has with the Guyanese over the Essequibo area. The Guyanese government is now screaming bloody murder and is seeking support all over the world against a possible Venezuelan attack to take over the area militarily, but Suriname should absolutely not side with Guyana when it comes to the Essequibo issue. Guyana has occupied part of our territory since 1969, and does everything if the area belongs to it. We may be part of the English-speaking club CARICOM, which immediately supported Guyana, but we have been robbed by the Guyanese for more than 54 years. They have taken our territory hostage with military force and we should not accept that for a moment and certainly should not side with them when it concerns the Essequibo issue between Venezuela and the Guyanese. The fact that the Venezuelans now want to take back the area, if necessary with the use of the much stronger Venezuelan army, of course has everything to do with the large oil and natural gas reserves that have been discovered off the coast of the aforementioned area. This border dispute could have enormous consequences for security in our area, which can be described as the Guyanas. An area that runs from the Orinoco to the Oyapock. It is understandable that Venezuela may wish to use military resources. Isn't that what the Guyanese did to us in 1969, when The Hague did everything it could to get the police unit out of the Tigri area and was under former officer Lapre. The Netherlands did not want to have trouble with NATO partner Great Britain, that was clear at the time. But we now live in the 21st century and must not forget that we have a Ukraine and a Gaza, where major powers commit actions that can cause changes within geopolitics, including on our continent, when business and major financial interests come into play. This is about oil, that's what it was about in Iraq too. We can always talk about green energy and electric cars, but oil is still of great and survival importance for most economies and that is why the Venezuelan-Guyanese border conflict can still cause a lot of trouble for all of us. And especially if world powers get involved. Is oil a blessing or a curse? Unfortunately, this will also be expressed or expressed in this region. Surinamese Newspaper / Source: De West, d.d., 19-11-2023

[@Coast_NYC]

It funny you say all this, cause the Suriname government came out in support of Guyana. 🤷🏾‍♂️

[@eonbollers2726]

You're clearly looking for attention seeing this same inaccurate statement all over KZbin

[@dreamer6508]

You keep on spreading misinformation, you conveniently forgot to mention that the Ankoko island is a shared island between the two countries, but Venezuela has taken over the entire island and even established a military base there in 1966

[@urip_zukoharjo]

And then Suriname also has border disputes with France in their own Guiana... four of you really care about some thick jungle down there in the south

[@SandySingh-f8s]

We do not need anything from you so keep out of our affair thank you .

[@Elpapi1988]

Fake News, that territory belongs to Venezuela since 1811 independence from Spain

[@007mooo6]

And guyana was a Dutch colony since the 1500s. And essequibo all the way to orinoco was dutch since the 1600s. The spansih didn't even explore, settle, control or colonize the region for Venezuela to have it on a map.

[@alfredocorredorlobo5615]

It’s unfortunate Venezuela has a leader like Nicolas Maduro right now, Venezuela has a legit right to claim sovereignty over the Essequibo because it was part of our country when we got independence from Spain and it was stolen by the UK and then this problem passed to Guyana as a new country. You name it, there are so many border problems around the world that came from British colonialism when they invaded other cultures and regions (Gaza-Israel, India-Pakistan, Sudan and South Sudan, and the list is long) Maduro is a dictator and is probably using this to be more popular, but getting back the Essequibo or not he will stay “president” and he still needs to make sure Guyana respects that the territory is not for them to grant concessions. I hope the international court gets to some pacific resolution where both sides can agree and find common ground, the problem has lapsed too long. Also all this problem came again to live when the court that granted sovereignty to the UK and not Guayana were found guilty of wrongdoing and bribery

[@007mooo6]

Care to explain how it became part of your territory if spain didnt even explore the region. Or why it was dutch guiana since the 1600s? Venezuela has no claim if it's rooted in a baseless colonial map with no history or context behind it Don't try to erase our history by calling the land of guyanese stolen.

[@bwooodstar]

Lol it was never a part of spain omg how ignorant

[@alfredocorredorlobo5615]

@@bwooodstar you’re the ignorant here, why did Guyana recognize the agreement I mentioned before?

[@alfredocorredorlobo5615]

@@007mooo6 if we use that argument any empty space can be invaded and taken by other countries then? Don’t be silly, people and countries signed agreements and recognized treaties for a reason

[@cheddijagan2853]

@@alfredocorredorlobo5615 You are clearly displaying your ignorance by propagating your poor research and blatant lies just like your fellow leader and people. "Guayana were found guilty of wrongdoing and bribery" - Where and when did this fantasy of yours occur? It's also spelled GUYANA. The Venezuelans made an absurd claim about bribery based on a memo they found belonging to one of the lawyers where he "alleges" that there was bribery involved in 1899. This memo was found after he and everyone else who participated in that 1899 Treaty had died so no participant can be cross examined to determine the truth. An International Treaty cannot be overturned based on someone's Dear Diary entry, this is why Venezuela does not want the matter to be handled by the ICJ as their claims are unsubstantiated. Guyana agreed to the Geneva convention because it does NOT nullify the 1899 Treaty which Venezuela accepted for 50 yrs before changing their mind, this is evidenced by Venezuela issuing stamps and official maps recognising Essequibo is Guyana. The DUTCH were the first Europeans to settle there, not the Spanish, the Spanish NEVER settled that area and wrongfully claimed it in their map.

[@TropicalVibesHD]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1895

[@nadaquever5161]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada

[@TropicalVibesHD]

@@nadaquever5161 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea

[@TropicalVibesHD]

Uh oh well need more recent maps than pangea ...and Gran Colombia/New Spain...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System Everything was one giant ball of dust but it didn't STAY that way...there was change.EVERYTHING is FLUX...it's time Venezuela un indoctrinate themselves on Gran Columbia and realize the world is constantly changing...we see are 200 away from that. It is crazy to go claim your neighbors territory based on a 200 year old map. It cannot bring about anything progressive but rather the opposite. At least it looks like democracy would finally come to Venezuela from the skies as a result of acting out this fantasy and obsession with pangea...sorry meso America sorry Gran South America.