KRUSHI DARSHAN - DANGARNA PAKMA AVTA ROGO ANE JIVATONU VYAVASTHAPAN LIVE T/C:-31/05/2024

DANGARNA PAKMA AVTA ROGO ANE JIVATONU VYAVASTHAPAN
LIVE T/C:-31/05/2024
The total area of the world under harvested rice is 167.24 million hectares producing 769.65 million tonnes of grains. In India, rice is cultivated on 43.19 million hectares with an annual production of 110.15 million tonnes and annual yield 2550 kg/ha. In Gujarat Rice is cultivated on 0.84 million hectares with an annual production of 1.93 million tonnes and annual yield 2306 kg/ha. The low production of rice crop is due to several factors, viz., lack of high yielding disease pest resistant varieties, inadequate or excess use of fertilizers, poor water management and non-adaptability of recommended disease and insect’s management strategies. In India, annual crop losses are estimated about Rs. 6000-7000 crores, losses contributed to diseases are 26 per cent, weeds 23 per cent, insects 20 per cent and rest by birds and nematodes. Rice is attacked by more than 220 species of fungi, 14 viruses, 12 species of bacteria, 2 phytoplasma, 6 nematodes and several physiological disorders due to environment, soil illness and nutritional imbalance. The major rice diseases in India are; Bacterial blight (BB) (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), Blast (BL) (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.), Brown spot (BS) (Helminthosporium oryzae Breda de Hann), Sheath blight (Shb) (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and Rice tungro virus (Rtv). The Sheath rot (Shr) (Sarocladium oryzae Sawada), False smut (Fsm) (Ustilaginoidea virens Cke.Tak.), Leaf scald (Lsc) (Rhynchosoprium oryzae), Bakanae disease (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) and Grain discoloration (Gd) were minor diseases earlier but had become major disease in few pockets in last two decades. Insect pests such as stem borers, leaf folders, rice skippers, gall midges, gundhi bugs, brown plant hoppers, white backed plant hoppers and sheath mites inflict severe damage to rice crop, that results in decreased yield. This is why an Integrated Disease and Pest management is required for managing biotic constrains.