Why you SHOULDN'T wrap Fiberglass in Carbon Fiber!

I often see tutorials that wrap fibreglass parts in a layer of carbon fibre to "add strength" as well as enhance looks. If you are doing it for the look, that's fine, but if you are thinking you are adding strength to a predominantly fibreglass part, than you are sorely mistaken. If you have more strength in your carbon than your glass though, it will help strength, but not as much as just making your whole part out of carbon, which is what you should do.
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[@francescogiuseppemorabito4276]

Hi, I very enjoy your videos, but perhaps I have to disagree on this one for many reasons. First, many industries adopt glass/carbon composites in many components. Wind turbine blades are a good example. Second, you don't design to max elongation ever, first because you usually have more constraints on structural failures (like safety factor on strength and buckling) that restrain your design. Therefore, it is doubtful that any part of your structure reaches the elongations that you show in the video under nominal conditions. Third, fibreglass is more resilient to impact, and it can extend your laminate life when something not predicted happens. This means that if there is a crack somewhere, glass fibres will prevent that to spread in the laminate. Finally, since under nominal conditions, the laminate life span is only linked to the time required to micro-cracks (which are there since consolidation) to bridge and become macro-cracks (a.k.a. broken part), we can definitely state that those glass fibres will increase the fatigue capabilities. Each and every good design must consider fatigue, and glass is way better in that than basically any other fibre. Therefore a well designed glass-carbon hybrid aims to find that sweet spot between pure stiffness and long life span, which could correspond to an overall lighter structure. Ultimately, I suggest adding another layer on top of the carbon for a glossy finish. Once wet, it will become crystal clear while protecting the laminate underneath. In other words, I would like to let you notice that if your component has reached the point at which the carbon is broken (like you say in this video), your structure must be considered failed. The fact that you still have some fibres that can carry some load means that if that was your structure, it is now less stiff, but it is still one piece! I am sure that in F1 the safety coefficients might be very close to one and that resilience has a different meaning than for aerospace structural engineers like myself. However, trust me... If that was the hull of your boat in the middle of the ocean, you would have been glorifying and blessing the carbon-glass mix that keeps your boat afloat! You might not be able to cruise at full speed anymore, but you are not on the bottom of the ocean as it would have happened with a carbon hull that cracks in a blink of an eye... Please go and search some interesting peer-reviewed papers on hyperduct... it is an ongoing work on glass-carbon laminate to simulate yielding for highly resilient composites. Cheers,

[@pec1739]

ummm good read, i just wanna add a fiber glass layer to prevent galvanic corrosion to steel body

[@kaboom-zf2bl]

e glass and finer glass are not for the same purpose ... e glass is used in high bending parts like wings on a jet liner ... while fiber glass and S glass are used for high strength parts like engine nacelles and tail planes ... if he compared E glass to EDR glass and carbon fiber to S glass he would have made one point ... carbon fiber is expensive and s glass is cheaper ... E glass and EDR glass are BOTH flexible edr glass can be made conductive like carbon fiber .. which is why it is used in wings ... while carbon fiber in engine nacelles need strength over flex ... where carbon fiber comes in handy because it is less weight for the same strength as S glass ... and of course Galvanic corrosion will happen with carbon fiber and edr glass so using s glass or e glass as a boundary layer between metal and the conductive fibers is mandatory to avoid that ... but then you also make a capacitor and need to channel the charge off the fiber ...

[@avro549B]

In the example he gives, the carbon would likely weaken the structure. The surface crack would cause a stress concentration in the underlying layers. (Always a consideration if you have layers of material; e.g. chrome plating suspension parts is a bad idea unless there's lots of something ductile like copper underneath to smooth out the cracks from the surface.)

[@davidtlchow]

It is not related with Chrome plating here, plating is chemical process which is not physical/mechanical related topic. But in general, Chrome plating weakens most of the metal materials because of acidic process damages the surface finishing of the part, causes micro cracks in surface weakens fatigue strengths of part.

[@kaboom-zf2bl]

he is comparing a strength fiber with little flex against a flex fiber with lower strength ... he should have used S glass ... as it is a strength fiber with minimal flex ... and instead of carbon fiber for e glass EDR glass ... as it is also high flex and conductive ... one fiber is not the same as the other ... he is literally comparing a rubber band to an I beam and saying the I beam sucks as a spring ... which is true ... but the rubber band sucks as a support ...

[@MindDezign]

If your making critical parts yes. Most parts are body panels and noload parts and interior ttim ehich isnt going to matter. Great video !

[@samshute3859]

At that point just use fake carbon fibre because you don’t care about it’s properties

[@anomamos9095]

This is correct and incorrect depending on the application. Look at a Mongolian short bow it uses a lamination of substances with different stretch and strength properties to achieve it's goal. So adding a layer of CF may actually be desirable if you wish to alter the flexing of a component in one direction like on a wing.

[@CahyoPrabowo]

the method to making those composite bows also applied to make wing plane.

[@paweljaworskipl]

Or a razor blade, including layer of soft metal inside. Somehow it is much better than steel itself.

[@omarabadi3791]

Yes, as long as the stress of the product is less than the maximum of carbon not fibreglass.

[@RMWeinberg]

For an archery bow, I would add the carbon on the belly side, and the fiberglass on the back side, so the fiberglass could elongate more. Or sandwich fiberglass on the outside, with layers of carbon fiber on the inside, since most elongation is on the outside, so you could use both materials for strength.

[@JasonDavis542]

@@RMWeinberg yep, this is how some wind turbine blades are designed, carbon beam on the inside of glass layers for added stiffness.

[@LeonardThomasHall]

I would be very interested in your thoughts on Carbon Kevlar hybrid cloths and their use.

[@walkertongdee]

Like he said he has another video on that....

[@pseudonym8082]

@@walkertongdee he said carbon fiber vs fiberglass vs kevlar, nothing about carbon kevlar hybrid cloths...

[@ayowser01]

From what I understand, carbon/kevlar is good for applications where flexibility is needed.

[@daltanionwaves]

And he throws out the exception of chopped strand mat, but doesn't address woven + mat layup. Or foam core, honeycomb, or any other variable layup that is most composites.

[@farmnranchapiarybeehiveser8120]

A hybrid fabric is designed to work with itself quite nicely. LOL If you're building a critical part you're not using E glass, you're using S Class! Since S glass either meets or exceeds both Kevlar and carbon fiber. Once again you wouldn't make a critical part out E Class. And if you build all your strength first and then want to put a pretty layer of carbon fiber on it, it matters or not, since you're not relying on any strength of the carbon fiber. I have built a few sets of composite landing gear. The heaviest plane having a gross of 1300 pounds. And I have done that with alternating layers of S-Glass and foam. you can't destroy this landing gear. LOL and then to make it look exotic I top it off with the layer of textream and zylon hybrid. It would be nice to build everything out of textream and zilon . But it's 70 - $80 + a yard....

[@stevenmitchell6347]

My use of carbon fiber "beauty" layer for non-loadbearing panels that need the stiffness...hoods, bumper covers, rear deck lids, fenders, etc. allows me to avoid painting those panels and keep cost down by using fiberglass for the core structure. I use S-glass for loadbearing structure and carbon fiber alone for interior panels...dash, door cards, pillar skins, etc. and other parts that need to be lightweight but aren't subjected to high stresses or impacts. Probably not necessary but, so far, no unexpected issues. Thanks for your expertise. I learn a lot from your videos.

[@chrissierzega8017]

Awesome video as always kyle. I want to note as well that the microphone quality is absolutely astounding in this video!! The improvements youve been making have been well worth it on that front. Cheers!

[@KYLEENGINEERS]

Thanks Chris! This was my first video with my new camera, it had better preamps in it which allows me to use my nicer mic. Also has 60fps and 4k capabilities! I still haven't gotten used to the exposure settings on it though, as you can probably tell in the video.

[@JOEGGGJOE]

Great video. Great advice. There isn't some people that do this, there is alot of people and even most well known aftermarket companies. They combine fiberglass(strand Mat) and fiberglass together. They also put black pigment in the resin so the back side is all black. I understand the cost can be really high but it defeats the purpose of an actual carbon fiber part. I will admit, when I was younger I did by a cf hood that was made like this not knowing. You can also tell by drilling into the part. If its a spoiler and are making mounting points. You will see the white fiberglass shavings come out. They also make dyed black woven mat. About the cracking, I see it all the time on hoods. And alot of people buy carbon mainly for the looks. Im a bit of a sleeper, I paint my cf parts. But thats just me.

[@robertschulke1596]

Another feature is the stress concentration which will occur when the carbon fiber breaks. At that point, the load the carbon fiber was carrying will be taken up by the remaining layers of fiberglass at the break. The result will be similar to nicking a sheet of plastic: once there is a stress concentration, there will be accelerated total failure. Destructive testing will easily show this.

[@christopherwilson9140]

I have been trying to figure out how to make 4x4 chassis armor without a welder and plasma cutter. This video and the last one have been very helpful. I would have never considered s glass on my own without seeing the charts.

[@williamgrey5608]

Really interesting, it confirms what I have learnt in the last few years making fibre fins for underwater hockey, lots of flexing...

[@ProfessorOzone]

I can't believe people blew by this comment. Underwater hockey? WTF? I've got to go look this up. I wanna play!

[@SwirlingDragonMist]

Katanas have a flexible core steel, and a more brittle steel hotdog bunned around it for a sharper more durable edge. Infinity CMMD technology is also worth checking out, it uses an aluminum core of 60% sandwiched between 20% alumina(ceramic) on both sides. They do this so that the layers constrain each other as they each have different speeds of sound propagation, the layers dampen each other’s resonant vibrations, and it is also a stiff and light weight combo. Great for speakers.

[@MHISD]

Just found your channel few days ago. Absolutely love it

[@tlj3399]

Laminating Carbon fiber on top of fiberglass(usually S glass not E glass) comes from the aerospace world. When trying to maximize certain characteristics while keeping weight extremely low you can add a layer or two of carbon fiber. The introduction of cheaper Kevlar has made this less used but still a completely viable way to remove flex from “bouncy” items in a racing plane. I’ve saw a few Formula 1 racing planes that use this on the fuselage and wings. They are painted afterwards so look is definitely not the goal.

[@krisnestorurian9127]

awesome video! very informative than just showing "how-to" for me it's more important to answer "why" and rationale.

[@syncore33]

A lot of composite parts are stiffness driven and strength is secondary. Eg car body panels if it's stiff enough not to flop around then it's most likely strong enough to survive rocks or whatever debris you normally throw at it. Using fibreglass as the core to build thickness and carbon fibre at the edges is still a valid cheaper way to make composite panels with 90% of the bending stiffness of a homogeneous carbon composite.

[@NathanK97]

well he is only talking about something that will be receiving tensile stress. i don't think a door or a hood is going to see that much... but things like wings and what not definitely would and it would concentrate a lot of force at a single point.... so if across the surface its receiving a 2% tension.... the fiber would break... and now instead of across the whole body the tension is focused at the break.... and that 2% goes up to something like 6%.... well you just snapped your spoiler

[@seigeengine]

If your goal was to build thickness, and not to provide strength, surely you'd go for a lightweight core material? Again, I'm not sure of any case where you'd want to do this for performance reasons. You're not getting the extra strength of the fiberglass until the carbon fiber fails, and once that happens, you're not getting the stiffness of the carbon fiber. If stiffness is critical, you wouldn't want a fiberglass core in your carbon fiber, and if strength is critical, you wouldn't want a carbon fiber skin on your fiberglass.

[@KompletterGeist]

incorrect. I made parts for FSAE cars out of carbon fibre. and although they were stiff as hell the rocks from the wheels made the edges crack a lot. just because something is stiff doesnt mean it's strong. Maybe watch the video again because it seems you didn't listen or understand what's been said This is the reason why wheel arches on GTE cars are not carbon fibre but rather kevlar and glass composites

[@flemcadiddlehopper]

Loads of people have commented on your video with some very good points, the main one that seems to make the most important point is that when the layers of e-glass and carbon fibre are bonded together they become a singular entity. If one portion of the composite fails under any kind of stresses, the other layers withstand it somewhat so as not to have a complete failure. Also remember why carbon fibre is used in the first place, strength to weight ratio and stiffness.

[@phantom5185]

I agree I know this has nothing to do with it. It's just an example for myself to reply and agree with yourself. [ Gold & Siver ] Strength in their own materials. But, adding Silver to Gold or the other way around. One will weaken the other right? Which is heavier? Not sure I would think Gold is or would be heavier than Silver.

[@robertbarrett778]

How I love engineering.Thank you for the above.I will, as always replay and try and absorb this info (I am not the brightest) I want to try and make some carbon fibre furniture. Thank you.

[@joer8854]

There is a specific case where a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in sandwich construction on boats resulted in much greater impact resistance than either material alone however I don't remember where I found the research paper and I don't know how that would translate without the foam middle layer of marine sandwich construction or above water.

[@DiscoR53]

A few years ago I remember a guy that made front lip air dams from cf and he added a layer of Kevlar in his words strengthen the cf, they didn't last at all. Now I know why, thanks.

[@ironbar9535]

Structures break from stress points caused by deformation under load far before reaching the tensile strength of the material. A layer of carbon on the exterior can greatly in crease stiffness helping a structure to maintain its shape. Strength should be in the design more so than the material.

[@Robin-ox2mz]

Not completely true if the structure is under significant load due to the difference between carbon and glass fiber. Fiberglass wants to stretch a little bit before it takes a lot of force, carbon fiber on the other hand doesn't really like to stretch at all. So by having an exterior layer of carbon fiber in parallel to the fiberglass under the same load, the carbon fiber will take all the load, while the fiberglass will only take a little bit. This means the carbon fiber will break before the fiberglass takes any significant load, which then transfers all that load to the fiberglass and it will fail too. Comparing that to the same structure made completely out of fiberglass or carbon fiber, it becomes much stronger as all the fibers will be spreading out the load throughout the whole piece instead of just the individual layers.

[@masterpiecetools131]

@@Robin-ox2mz Yeah, the case would almost be the reverse suggested, as in the real world, a laminate like that used structurally, would probably just use the glass to provide some form stability, and the carbon would be applied to provide stiffness, so long as the expected loads are in the range the carbon could handle. Not saying this is how surf boards are made, but imagine you molded one out of glass, no core. You tried it out and it turned out to be too flexible. You could apply carbon cloth to the form the glass had established, and it would stiffen it up. That would work great, so long as one layer was sufficient to carry the global loads. The glass would be a wobbly plug over which the carbon was placed. Of course, a better way would be if the carbon was the layer inside the glass, or carbon was used over a form of foam.

[@syrthdr09sybr34]

Thank you sir, exactly the info I was looking for.

[@denisoko8494]

Kyle, have you ever used basalt fibers or composites based on basalt fibers?

[@jamesarmstrong5593]

so fibreglass wrapping a cf piece would be of use if you wanted to increase the parts ability to hold together without cracking without compromising it's stiffness?

[@basedgodstrugglin]

1) Amazing timing with the sub accident for this to be recommended 2) Also this is being discussed in the cycling community as companies are putting fiber glass in the forks to prevent galvanic corrosion

[@martin_in_the_alps]

As always, great video! I've seen the same principle on gliders. The whole glider is made of carbon fiber and in the cockpit are a also a few? layers of kevlar, to keep it all together in an outlanding.

[@dvirus2000]

i think the kevlar is there for abrasion resistance but i may be wrong

[@kaihorstmann2783]

dvirus2000 abrasion, and impact, particularly the occasional rock on a field.

[@kaihorstmann2783]

Martin S. The wings are usually made of carbon these days. Glass could take the load in regards to strength, but modern wings are so thin that the lack of stiffness would mean that the wings would bend so far up that they would not create vertical lift any more. Look at videos of Open Class gliders like ASH25 or EB 28 or EB 29 in flight. You see a lot of flex in these wings. But they are made of carbon fiber, and still flex that much because they are so thin. Imagine the samt made out of glass fiber. They would flex almost straight up, thus probably blocking all control push rods on the way or permanently scraping on the ground when at Stillstand. The fuselage in contrast is a pretty thick pipe in comparison. It also needs to absorb a lot of torsion forces due to the mounting of the elevator on top of the rudder. Thus strength and flexibility and even distribution of loads is more important. The fuselage is usually not a sandwich of an inner and outer fiber layer separated by a thick foam layer but one fiber shell also allowing for more flexibility.

[@8digitPDX]

There is a material available at TAP plastics in the US which appears to be a plaid made from carbon fiber and Kevlar. But is it bad to use the different materials in a composite to take advantage of the strengths of the different materials? The plaid carbon fiber / Kevlar cloth seems to me like it would be a good transition material between say a carbon stiffening layer and some fiberglass filler layers or Kevlar base layers.

[@matekochkoch]

You usually don't simply add the strength. Kevlar is very good at taking abrasive treatment. so its a good protection for other fibres, but it won't add much to the strenght or stiffness. Its not the point that there is no way of combining different fibres, but you should know what you are doing or you will end up with a not optimal result.

[@Zomby_Woof]

Not information that I really needed, but it makes perfect sense.

[@l0I0I0I0]

Very helpful, TY! Layer it from most to least stiff.

[@bbjnimens]

Very well explained. Thank you.

[@Sketch1994]

5:42 at this case I think it would also help in the case of carbon kevlar fabrics when the carbon breaks the broken piece could hang from the kevlar that would just bend and stay in place till you repair it.

[@MaIagoli]

Carbon over Fiberglass works great for looks... and for some people, aesthetics are far more important than everything else on a daily, not a track car. So... even if is weaken than a real carbon piece, or less lighter... I don't even care about. It is by miles, the cheapest :)

[@matheustorchia383]

your channel is amazing for FSAE team members

[@hawk77y]

I used carbon fiber over few fiberglass parts with great success. The secret is to lay couple of layers in different direction and use epoxy rather than polyester. The part was twice stronger than the flimsy original. Especially when is applied on both sides. Also, built couple diffusers with foam and carbon fiber that were very strong...actually couple of racing boats were built with the same materials with incredible strength.

[@seigeengine]

Carbon fiber over foam is a completely different thing, and if you're adding enough carbon fiber to be stronger than the fiberglass, of course that would strengthen it. You're probably confusing stiffness with strength though.

[@ReLineGuy]

When it come to a bass boat floor that is currently fibreglass that has been cracked due to age and I believe stress would you recommend going back and re do the floor in fibreglass or make the switch to carbon fibre using the same thickness as the previous floor for hull and floor stiffness and weight reduction ??

[@corpsecoder_nw6746]

what composites are best to make a crash structure, something that can crumple but only in like a car crash? how would you align the fibers' sheets? how much resin? what kind of resin? do we need a controlled environment for resin application on sheets? Is there a composite with even lower density that can allow for more crash structure volume but without compromising strength and integrity of passenger cell?

[@bigbirdrover]

great video, easy to understand. thanks

[@alexalvarez2495]

Just wondering: where can you engineer a "sandwich- like" composite in carbon fibre and glass? I was thinking of a crash energy absorbing area, perhaps. Or layering carbon fibre with different directions would make it the same? That (i think) might be an interesting video. Thanks

[@leonardomanuelrocha]

@KYLE.ENGINEERS What about the section, force will be also divided by it, and the sandwiched composite will bend creating an arc, would you make this should effectively increase the tensile (or compressive) strength (I don't know how much and I'm too lazy right now to relearn to calculate this). There is another thing, if the part is created for impact resistance and shock absorbance, having different elements (should be done properly) in the right layers (carbon, glass, nomex , kevlar - maybe in that order) might do the work, would you be able to introspect a bit more in this aspect? What about fatigue resistance ? what would be the effect of different layered composites?

[@sebastiankeano4926]

You forgot to mention the load distribution before failure. Based on stiffness and strength the 3 GF to 1 CF, carbon fibre will still carry ~60% of imposed load until failure at 1.4% strain when structure will experience rapid jump of stress on GF from 40% to 100% of imposed load.

[@beer_4781]

but still, 1 layer of such carbon fiber can take 170kg attached and not break, and it's just 1 layer, that is epic

[@freezatron]

I'd like to know how to calculate the ultimate load for a carbon fiber wing spar please (cantilever beam) Can you please explain what the basic calculations look like and how do I use them ?

[@OchoVera]

I love your video's mate, it's very rare even on youtube that someone actually posts numbers and can confirm it.

[@micmc23000]

Depends on the channel check out engineering explained if you are interested in basically the car equivalent to this (I'm not affiliated just a fan his videos are very interesting)

[@kimthomas4320]

can you use kevlar and fibre glass for doors in case of collision impact? or would a carbon kevlar be better

[@GrantOakes]

I 100% agree if you're making a structural part, however, if it's mostly a cosmetic or lightly loaded part then it's a cheaper way to simulate the look without any down sides.

[@geraldgerald6331]

What would be the best choice for a sailboat hull..around 50 feet? Combo not a good idea?

[@novocaine212]

Love the video! What if I went for the reverse configuration (carbon inside, glass outside) to provide strength against bending? The outer layers will elongate more than the inner layers, allowing the glass to take more of the stress. Just curious. Thanks!

[@AboutComposites]

Very good expression, everyone can understand, thanks

[@MickeyMishra]

I wonder how good Kevlar is at reducing resonance in a car body? I wonder if body panels made of kevlar would ever have the same properties as sound deadener? That alone would cut down on weight as having a composite that was strong enough for Body panels, while also being able to cut down on noise and resonance would be the way to go. I wonder how acoustically dense it would perform in something like a speaker box? I have seen many Acrylic and a Few Glass speaker enclosures , but no so much Kevlar as that's used for speaker drivers. I wonder how Areogel would fit into this compostite matrix? And weather that would work well as a Light weight replacement or something like body panels ?

[@Bubbyisagoodboy]

Awesome. love your videos

[@SevenDeMagnus]

Cool. True, some KZbinrs carbon fiber people (do it for a living) alternate the layers of fiberglass and carbon fiber with cf on top but for me I'd like to make it all out of carbon fiber like Koenigsegg and Pagani. This feels like Jason's Engineering Explained and my automotive + shop high school class. God bless.

[@dwaynemcallister7231]

On a pvc core E-glass sandwich would it be ok to add a layer of S-glass to improve compressive strenght?

[@rohitrawal2063]

sir can u explain the role and effect of friction on fiber and laminate(glass fiber)..and how it works..??

[@ivandjones]

Interesting presentation, but are you taking the resin into account here, or just considering the material properties of the fibres?

[@Folopolis]

Could this type of failure mode be utilized to make a structure that fails in a predictable, non-catastrophic way? I'm guessing your average person putting together a tube frame isn't thinking about that, but for those of use that have some structural engineering knowledge (personally as a test engineer, not design) it seem useful.

[@AmaroqStarwind]

What about making a composite structure of Fiberglass and Kevlar? If I were to build a racecar's monocoque out of a mix of Fiberglass and Kevlar woven or knitted together, would the fiberglass make up for the Kevlar's weakness in compression? How much fiberglass would you need to achieve this, and would there still be enough Kevlar to give it a similar weight to Carbon Fiber?

[@Yathartha_Singh]

What if someone makes a laminate with alternating layers of carbon fibre and e-glass, would he be able to achieve the properties of both ?

[@Marco-nx5tj]

wouldn't it be stiffer if you make carbon fiber the inner layer and fiber glass the outer layer since fiber glass has the higher tensile strength so it will make it hard for the outer layer to stretch when you bend it

[@jimbrookejones4186]

Hi, I am building a 50 foot free standing ( no wires) yacht mast. I am building a thin (22 mm) walled Douglas fir mast and want to cover it with many layers of 600 g biaxial glass and 330 g unidirectional carbon, both of which I have. Have you any recommendations to the layering. It will be hand wet lay without vacuum bagging. I expect to have a heavy mast which is fine for this application. As it is unstayed I am trying to build the mast as strong as possible. Thanks, Jim

[@xaytana]

What would happen if you alternated the layers of two different materials? Or what if someone made a carbon-glass composite? Also, does resin effect the numbers in any way?

[@kristiyandimitrov8711]

@KYLE.ENGINEERS pls answer

[@robertcain3426]

The resin does effect the strength very much.

[@grimfpv292]

One exception comes to mind. If you want different tensile properties in one orientation, like using carbon fiber diagonally, and fiberglass horizontally and vertically.

[@danielmiller2886]

Great info for us amateur composite makers. Thanks!

[@johnhartley5261]

No sir, it's bad info. Read this article and reconsider. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073288/#!po=45.0000 Also, FYI, any clown can make a youtube video. Verify the info you find before you think you've learned anything. Skip to figure 6 if you just want the chart.

[@danielmiller2886]

John Hartley thank you for giving me more data to learn from. I will definitely read it.

[@skaltura]

How to recognize between S-glass and E-glass? Almost no supply shop seems to make any distinction between the two

[@diclo383]

what if I want to build a instrument flycase, and I want to use S glass+kevlar? Can it be mixed?

[@SWatchik]

Hi Kyle, love your videos. Would love to hear a video about a Lotus Elise (or any Lotus for that matter) In regards to construction and aero, they seem to nail the fibreglass structure. Thank you for the content

[@OVER5TEER]

Agree, also an explanation why bonding the aluminum tub is better then just riveting it together.

[@mountainmanfab]

with riveting..the rivet material itself may well be stronger then a bonding adhesive but theres far less contact area ...more load on a single failure point...if designed well that can be minimized but you also run into an issue of creating a failure point in the base material as well..ie the hole for the rivet.With adhesive you dont compromise the material and you have a much more consistent spread of force.Thats my 2 cents worth lol but to be fair I have always been old school as well...plastics and glue have always been looked at as a cheap alternative but times are changing! There are plastics,composites and adhesives now that are near or exceed metal and welding/fastening and with proper design can be much better in the long run...not necessarily cost efficient however lol but that seems to be changing as well

[@harrybloom9213]

Is it the same thing if You only think in terms of compression?

[@RoshanKumar-hs5jt]

From what i saw in plants that manufacture European aircrafts, they use a layer of glass fiber base and then lay the carbon fiber film in different orientations. Most of the structures like the spar joints and door joints are basically carbon fiber parts that are reinforced with titanium and glass fiber. can you explain why such key components will not fail.?

[@dimitrisaad]

Then is it safe to say that coating a carbon fibre region with fibre glass instead is a functional and beneficial hybrid composite?

[@AtienzaLouie]

There are many composite panels that are made with stiff skins sandwiching a softer core, for a panel with a high general stiffness without much weight. The most common example would be most plywoods. But there are a lot of panels made of CF sandwiching corrugated plastics or NOMEX. Many aircraft panels made just this way. Many aluminum panels made with corrugated plastic or foam cores as well. I think the key is to "balance" the panel by applying the same skin on top and bottom; the bottom panel can be a lower grade...

[@seigeengine]

Yes, there are. Fiberglass isn't generally the core material for a reason though. You want something capable of transferring force between the skins that is lightweight, since the force gets concentrated in the skins anyway. Some plywood has more of a filler core, but that isn't really most plywood, unless I'm mistaken.

[@AtienzaLouie]

Most all plywood is made of cheaper, or lighter weight core material. Even particleboard and MDF has a higher density material toward the outside as opposed to the core.

[@winnie51189]

I don't know where you are getting your MDF but you should consider finding a better source. This is\ a basic starting material in Material Science classes when learning how to run the test equipment for finding material properties. We found no appreciable difference in the entire population of samples we tested and our MDF came from a standard big box store.

[@seigeengine]

If it's made with a filler material, it is not plywood. Plywood is a composite of multiple layers of wood sandwiched together with different grain directions.

[@jsv125]

What if youre using the fiberglass as a barrier to prevent corrosion say over a steel frame?

[@rubdulbah3201]

What about if you only want to add a layup of carbon fiber to add stiffness to the board and nothing else?

[@wetcoastnoel]

Hello, just watched the video, I am shopping for a Catamaran and have been thinking about doing a layer of Carbon over the glass to act as not a stiffener for the hull, but more of a bumper to protect against debris in the water that is hard to see or taken at night, would Kevlar be better than carbon for this ? Ive seen many Glass boats get holes punched in the sides from stray logs and other debris, what would be your suggestion for this type of scenario and no, a custom set of hulls is not an option... Thanks for any feedback.

[@seigeengine]

The glass would resist that better than the carbon fiber would, imo. I'd probably consult people actually experienced in the subject as to what their opinion is, as I'd imagine this is something many have thought and designed through before.

[@tayro7265]

If you needed a part that required tensile strength, rigidity, puncture resistance, thin lightweight, impact and chemical resistance and abrasive resistance, combining different materials would be necessary right? But as you said wrapping s-glass with carbon fibre looks good however not so great functionally. S-glass over carbon fibre would seem to be a better choice. The s-glass would receive and absorb the initial force and distribute it before hitting the carbon fibre right? This would allow the carbon to act like a bone under softer tissues. If you covered the s-glass with Kevlar the structure would gain abrasive and puncture resistance. That could then be covered by Mylar and gain thermal, chemical, dielectric and impact resistance. I would think it better that the Mylar be between the Kevlar and s-glass but to my knowledge resins will not bond properly to Mylar causing separations in the layers. You can layer the carbon fibre, s-glass then Kevlar sheets then cover it with the Mylar. NASA studies have shown using "Sure Bonder 9001" to secure the Mylar to other surfaces works best. Stack and vacuum form the first three layers, apply adhesive and Mylar to the dried unit and vacuum seal the Mylar. The vacuum forming will help maintain consistency and uniformity in the projects thickness as well as help remove excess resin reducing weight. Just Thinkingoutloud

[@rickhambric9737]

How about using S2 glass?? The stiffness and elongation is closer to carbon than E. Then what happens when you create a laminate that consist of an equal blend of carbon, S2, & aramid????

[@benstokes8612]

What about fiberglass on top of carbon, with the intent that the carbon bears the tensile load, and the glass protects against impact? Is that something that should be avoided?

[@oliverdalton3799]

What is the load at which the fiberglass would stretch to 1.4% ?

[@xerepapeti9642]

I am going to build a 6 meter length and 1.2 meter width trimaran boat with foam glass fiberglass metod. I want to have an seaworthy ,strong and light weight structure. How to apply my material?and what material is better to use with fiberglass? And wat material to use for outside of boatr skin ?

[@stoneee1234]

Seems that if you are for going for looks alone or weight savings, not considering maximum strength, a layer of CF still makes sense. Since most of "Carbon Fiber hood" manufactures often do this to cut cost, since the hood usually is not a structural part.

[@Mstr0M]

Great video. What do you think about "1 layer carbon-10 layers E glass-1 layer carbon" composite? In my opinion the fiberglass should act as a sandwich core material and the composite should retain the stiffness of carbon without danger of delamination. Would it be better to use a foam core instead (and 2 layers of carbon on each side) to minimize delamination danger? Im looking for maximum stiffness (bike frame) "on a budget".

[@Matt-uf2nc]

if you are building your own bike frame- disregard any notion of "budget" or "cheap".

[@aesopm9200]

you could but fiberglass is heavy compared to alternative sandwich cores. so no one does to my knowledge. beyond the obvious stuff including foam/balsa/honeycomb, look up "coremat".

[@bca-biciclindcuaxel7527]

Can you wrap( reinforce ) Aluminium bike frame that cracked with carbon fiber ? I read it has problem with corosion . Thanks !

[@cryptorthree]

This is true. Search for galvanic corrosion. Darkaero has a video on youtube about this. Basically you need to make sure the cf and the metal are electrically isolated (such as with a fiberglass layer), so that would be one gain to have a fiberglass layer inside the carbon layer.

[@malcdickinson06]

Hi, how about 3K Carbon & Glass Fibre Composite Sheets that you can buy, I'm thinking of making my own quadcopter frame, would this worker would I be better off with 100% carbon fibre. thanks and like the video!!!

[@Zip_kong]

My question is if you are doing this to save cost and the part is purely for cosmetics is there any reason not to do it? For example if you're making a switch plate. It's not design to take any stress but you still want the Cosmetics of carbon fiber with the added benefit of the low cost of fiberglass

[@nitrousman8882]

do you have a video on cores? Say, carbon fiber with end grain balsa?

[@shawnclement8394]

What about putting cf down first and then fg layers. Shouldn't the outer layers of fg have a longer stretch than the cf and all of the layers work together to stiffen a structure

[@McCallFamilyAccount]

Thats brilliant. Thanks for the discussion. I have a safety project that desperately needs a materials/composites guy to direct. I am building my first in the garage (not pyrotech, don't worry). But figuring what and where to but the EXTRA important bits is a big deal. It may not be marketable; but I have to do it for me in the interim; so there is a rush on that. PM me if it is reasonable to chat. Thanks.

[@Roller_ae86]

This reminds me of Forged In Fire. They like to see the high carbon steel in the middle and the mild steel on the out side of their billets to minimize cracks. Lol

[@brighambaker3381]

What about carbon fiber as the first or base layer, and then another couple of layers of fiberglass?

[@dusanpavlovic2201]

What about resins, you should put that into account they are heavier than carbon fiber or fiberglass and they have to be used in order for those 2 to work?

[@liamgibbens8222]

Okay so I've got a question now. when I was building a fibreglass yacht. for the helipad we use carbon double bias ,carbon quad ,fibreglass quad. fibreglass quad. carbon quad foam. then the exact same on the top but opposite starting from carbon quad up. that's how most panels are made. unless it's full carbon or full fibreglass. if your correct then why yacht companies use that carbon/fibreglass procedure? as it all gets painted so the carbon isn't for show.

[@tristonwebber9982]

I am left with more questions than answers, in theory everything sounds good,even on paper,but if we actually made some items and ran tests would the outcome of failure be as he said or as some of us predict? I was looking for info on composites for mountain boards ,skateboards and such ,trying to start a small business so I too can build a yacht for I am in the ground lol, but seriously, I thought why not do s glass with carbon, the resis would become all one unit to speak of in liquid and then when dry...your yacht is a good example of what I want to do,seems it will be safe,guess testing will tell all.

[@BennysThoughts]

liam gibbens I think the answer is damage resistance. You can't rely on just a few layers because rock chips, sand, grit, combined with a rough landing could delaminate the structure. So in that case, think of the glass as being a sandwich core between the layers of carbon to add thickness at lower cost, with the carbon providing the necessary stiffness to handle the stress/shock of landing. then you have your foam in the middle and the plies on the bottom side which mirror the topside in order to create a balanced panel to support the weight of the aircraft.

[@arvedludwig3584]

If you want high strength and stiffness i reccomend going for graphene reinforced cf. Oh, and the cfk wrapped in fg is similar to glare, isn't it?

[@l0I0I0I0]

Graphene? Is it possible to buy it without breaking the bank?

[@l0I0I0I0]

@@arvedludwig3584 yes do please. Let me know where you can get it. I have a special project that would work nicely with it, a high pressure high temp application 10 meters cubed. TY in advance.

[@0MoTheG]

Then what to use in the middle of the sandwich? If the outside is glass then the inside needs to be hard and light like CF, but less expensive than GF. Is there such a material?

[@dominiquebeninca3449]

What if the carbon layer is in the centre, would that be stiffer but not weaker ?

[@detonatorJE]

What if one were to make a layup of primarily carbon, but with a couple of thinner sheets of fiberglass, in order to hold everything together in the case of a catastrophic failure, say a car crash. The idea being the same as reinforcing glass with a steel mesh, in order to prevent the glass (carbon fiber) from shattering everywhere and causing possible injury.Regards

[@AlJay0032]

To prevent corrosion problems an outer layer of glass may be sensible.

[@amisol4995]

So, I have a RC boat, the hull is made by fiberglass. I wanna strengthen the hull, if it jumps and dived in water, I dont want it to brake. Will it help me to set a couple sets with carbon fiber?

[@seigeengine]

The fiberglass is already likely plenty strong. If it isn't, it would make more sense to reinforce it with fiberglass.

[@tdkyt46]

At the start of the video hkw much didyou smoke?

[@STATICKk77]

So if I understand this correctly it would make more sense to wrap carbon fiber with fiber glass for Optimal strength?

[@tHaH4x0r]

6:10 It might be worth noting that even though the FG would 'help' the CF in this case, the strength to weight ratio would be extremely poor as you cannot fully 'utilize' the stress strain curve (as you can only use a limited amount of strain before the CF would snap, causing all the load to transfer to the FG causing it to fail most likely as well). Essentially because you are only using about 1/3 of the curve, the FG would also have about 1/3 of strength to weight ratio. I think except for the 'soft failure mode' as you mentioned in text on the video, it should just be avoided as it doesn't make much sense.

[@bmxriderforlife1234]

Idk the kit car I want comes in a fiberglass body. I wanna carbon it to hopefully help it not shift over time and for the looks. But mostly for the looks. Wanna have some raw carbon with clear over top to bury it with the colored sections. Think like the Pagani Zonda.

[@AustinRadio]

Great videos