Speciation: An Illustrated Introduction

[@pmmeyourdadjokes9811]

Gotta love that sensual music setting the mood when you were talking about reproductive isolation

[@squeaky1871]

Quick video hack to make the video go by 'faster.' Put the playback speed at 2, or any other that you like, and open the transcript (use the three dots near the thumbs up buttons). Then read along with the video, or just listen. Reading helps you take in the information better.

[@ahincho-m6j]

Those fascinating animation help me a lot to understand well about speciation.

[@scarlettaco9430]

Man, I just came here because of my science teacher.

[@slumpybtw2083]

man that sucks

[@ЮлияСмирнова-к9з]

XpQ TУT МOЖНО НAКРУТИТЬ ЛAЙКИ, ПОДПИСЧИKOB PАСKPУТКА ГPYПП. ПЕРEХOДИTЕ В ПPOФИЛЬ, ТАМ СCЫЛКA НА САЙT

[@jimkeller3868]

So?

[@thickmuffins6155]

Scarlet Taco same

[@ThomasNeal]

Same, you must be a junior now...

[@xXAISPXx]

This is the best explanation of speciation I have seen.

[@aquasparx4015]

Just started working on this for homework now!

[@VeggieNatureGirl]

I always found speciation a bit confusing. This video does such a great job discussing and illustrating the topic. Great job as always Cornell :)

[@loricalass4068]

Speciation shows the exact opposite of evolution and evolutionism is pure pseudo science. You might want to check out some of my other posts to see why that is easily verified by scientific data.

[@jimkeller3868]

You found it confusing because hardly anyone explains it well, unfortunately. This video does a good job.

[@ChrisPBacon-lu6wd]

@@loricalass4068 bruh

[@loricalass4068]

@@ChrisPBacon-lu6wd :-) Thanks but I am female. I have prayed for you and yours in these last days.

[@junodonatus4906]

@@loricalass4068 The denial of evolution is denomination specific and derives from a literal reading of the book of Genesis. Meanwhile, it was never meant to be read literally. It is written in the style of allegory. Any expert will tell you that. Therefore, your denial of evolution is not only built on a misreading of the Bible but is disingenuous as it stems from your religious beliefs.

[@mob.E30]

this video does a great job at showing the types of speciation. they just don't have the name of them. Like I want the name and then describe what it is

[@silliaek]

This cleared up a lot of questions I had about speciation. Good video.

[@Alyenbird]

Nature isn't clear cut and species is a necessarily artificial concept. I find it better to think of species as a continuum of interbreeding populations, that are mostly unable to interbreed with less closely related populations. However this view is much more difficult to explain to non-biologists. Considering this video is geared toward a lay audience, the given definition is one that works well in a generalized sense. If you are fascinated by blurry species lines look up "ring species".

[@aeskzfim]

I was forced to come here by my teacher, but this is actually really cool.

[@TheGrowCave]

As a horticulturist I have thought about this for many, many years. It's so hard to wrap my head around the fact the Earth is 4.5 billion years old, and how long that really is. Speciation of plants and animals takes millions of years. period.

[@LoricaLady]

But do you have any observable data to show "speciation of plants and animals takes millions of years"? Anyway, speciation is no example of evolution. Speciation (the creation of a new species) does not support evolutonism as it is an example of stasis and stasis is the exact opposite of evolution. For ex. over 300,000 species of beetles are all still beetles. There are thousands upon thousands of species of birds, bees, lizards, trees, bacteria, trees, yeast, flowers, whatever. If a new species develops with any life form at all, you can bet your bottom science dollar that it will still be just a beetle, bee, bacteria, tree, fish, or whatever. . We are supposed to fill in the blanks here with...faith...and think, "Well! If a new species develops then things just keep evolving and evolving." But the next step above a species, in the Annimal or Plant Kingdom, is a family. We aren't seeing any new families (much less any new order, class, phylum, kingdom) forming. Anywhere. Ever. Accorrding to Darwin's so called Tree of Life and peer reviewed evolutionary literature, new families, orders, classes and phylum have evolved. Over and over and over. . However, nature operates today as it did in the past. In the real world, with trillions of life forms, we never see anything developing above the level of a new species. The life forms out there have purportedly had eons and eons of ancestors preceding them which should be showing at least one example of a part this Family "transitioning" to be another family, etc.. . But we only see that in the unverifiable, purely theoretical, realm of evolutionary literature, never in any life around us. If there is no evidence for transtiions from one family (not to mention from one class, order or phylum or kingdon) to another - and please provide data if you know of any such evidence - then there is no evidence for evolution. It's that simple. And that's just for starters. You are not a fish update. You have a Creator, your Heavenly Father, Who loves you. Find out who you really are. . Let's look at what some secular scientists have had to say that disagrees with evolutionism. We are told that beneficial mutations are an essential mechanism for evolution to occur, but H. J. Muller, who won a Nobel Prize for his work on mutations, said.... "It is entirely in line with the accidental nature of mutations that extensive tests have agreed in showing the vast majority of them detrimental to the organism in its job of surviving and reproducing -- good ones are so rare we can consider them all bad." H.J. Mueller, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 11:331. . Anyway, mutations are isolated, random, events that do not build on one another like Legos, and certainly have no ability to create totally new DNA as, for ex., would be needed to turn a leg into a wing. . As for natural selection, it does not lead to evolution, either. What does NS select from? What is already in the genome. It shuffles pre existing information or may cause a loss of information, not the new info you would need to turn a fin into, say, a foot. That is why no matter what it selects from in a fish or bird or lizard or bacteria or monkey or tree or flower you will still have a fish, bird, lizard, bacteria, etc. . But, if you can, give data - not just theories presented as facts in the conveniently invisible past - that a Life Form A turned into Life Form B as the result of NS. In other words show that a species in any genus went to the next level in the Animal Kingdom (ditto for plants) a new Family. . There are trillions of life forms on this planet. We're told it happened in the unverifiable past. Why don't we see any species in any Genus transitioning to be a new member of an animal or plant Family today? . Let's see what some other secular scientists have to say about evolution. . Bowler, Peter J., Review of In Search of Deep Time by Henry Gee (Free Press, 1999), American Scientist (vol. 88, March/April 2000), p. 169. "We cannot identify ancestors or 'missing links,' and we cannot devise testable theories to explain how particular episodes of evolution came about. Gee is adamant that all the popular stories about how the first amphibians conquered the dry land, how the birds developed wings and feathers for flying, how the dinosaurs went extinct, and how humans evolved from apes are just products of our imagination, driven by prejudices and preconceptions." . "There are only two possibilities as to how life arose. One is spontaneous generation arising to evolution; the other is a supernatural creative act of God. There is no third possibility. Spontaneous generation, that life arose from non-living matter was scientifically disproved 120 years ago by Louis Pasteur and others. That leaves us with the only possible conclusion that life arose as a supernatural creative act of God. I will not accept that philosophically because I do not want to believe in God. Therefore, I choose to believe in that which I know is scientifically impossible; spontaneous generation arising to evolution." (Nobel Prize winner Wald, George, "Innovation and Biology," Scientific American, Vol. 199, Sept. 1958, p. 100) . "The pathetic thing about it is that many scientists are trying to prove the doctrine of evolution, which no science can do." (Dr. Robert A. Milikan, physicist and Nobel Prize winner, speech before the American Chemical Society.) . "Hypothesis [evolution] based on no evidence and irreconcilable with the facts....These classical evolutionary theories are a gross over-simplification of an immensely complex and intricate mass of facts, and it amazes me that they are swallowed so uncritically and readily, and for such a long time, by so many scientists without a murmur of protest." (Sir Ernst Chan, Nobel Prize winner for developing penicillin) . On this webpage you can see Nobel Prize winning scientists, other secular scientists - including some world famous evolutionists - admitting there is no evidence for evolution. You can see them calling evolution a kind of religion, something that leads to "anti knowledge", etc. Notice how many of these secular scientists acknowledge evidence for a Creator. freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/1435562/posts . Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed shows the politics of Neo Darwinism which harasses and expels those in academia and the media who even hint that there MIGHT be evidence for a Creator. kzbin.info/www/bejne/anmoo6CmarWtp9k . And here are some interesting pictures of trilobites, extinct deep sea creatures on mountain peaks.. www.bing.com/images/search?q=trilobites+on+top+of+mountains&qpvt=trilobites+on+top+of+mountains&qpvt=trilobites+on+top+of+mountains&qpvt=trilobites+on+top+of+mountains&FORM=IGRE We are told those trilobites, and mega amounts of sea shells, mollusks, etc., were moved from the ocean floors to wrap around mountains all over the world after millions of years of "plate tectonics" movements. Look at the exquisite condition of some of those fossils. There are countless billions of such life forms that are highly recognizable. It's like the "plate tectonics" people never heard of erosion. Further, 90% of th fossils on land, from coast to coast, from below ground to those mountains heights, are marine. Now what dumped all those sea life creatures onto land everywhere?? Hmmm... . You were created in the very image and likeness of the Creator. He is your Father and loves you and wants you to know Him, and love Him too. Why trade in that fantastic truth for a bunch of mumbo jumbo pseudo science that even secular scientists can't get consensus on? Rhetorical Q.

[@junodonatus4906]

@@LoricaLady DNA, the radiation of life on this planet, radiometric dating, fossil record, homologous features, phylogenic similarity.....all of these are observations that are not only independent but converge on the conclusion of macroevolution. "For ex. over 300,000 species of beetles are all still beetles. " And whales and dolphins are still mammals, but that doesn't mean that they haven't changed from being land mammals over time. We are all still carbon-based life forms but that doesn't mean that adaptive radiation hasn't taken place. Birds, as well, don't have any features that are unique....all of their modern features existed in their dinosaur ancestors.

[@eclepticearth]

@@junodonatus4906 Waste of metaphorical ink. @lorical lady is parroting the same old tired worn refuted saws that were presented right after Darwin's publication. And after thousands of new fossils, the decoding of genetics, the reconstruction of tectonic plate movements, and a host of other evidence . . . the ramblings of poorly translated parochial Iron Age observations wins out? If there was a Creator, she made a universe perfectly disguised to look like it evolved. And I have not forgotten to sharpen Occam's Razor!

[@anakiviaoliveira1709]

Fantastic content and animation. Thank you very much!

[@Rico-Suave_]

Great video, thank you very much , note to self(nts) watched all of it 8:19

[@dirk0389]

I've never heard the term "ring species". I do believe there will be a book or two added to my shelves in the near future. Thanks!

[@martinduran10]

send me the answers for this: Using the information from the video, explain how birds evolved into different species in each part of the island. Your answer MUST INCLUDE the following terms: reproductive isolation, geographical isolation, genetic mutations, gradual change, different habitats.

[@shelovewazz]

no

[@L.S4444]

Look it up

[@martinduran10]

@@L.S4444 hahahaha I didn’t need your help, I got a 100% on the exam

[@junodonatus4906]

@@martinduran10 Not sure why you couldn't do it yourself in the first place. It's only an 8 1/2 minute video. Are you THAT lazy?

[@martinduran10]

@@junodonatus4906 yea

[@Crystallinesonic]

So clear! I love it!!

[@josh7352]

Nature never fails to edge me until combustion

[@dirk0389]

Using the definition you used here, Arctic Terns and Common Terns would be the same species - They can (and do) interbreed. Their offspring can also continue to breed, unlike other hybrids.

[@Raydensheraj]

In nature?

[@nathaliaacosta1512]

Me parecen súper interesantes los temas acerca de la evolución. Siempre ha Sido uno de mis temas favoritos, más la especiación, en la próxima semana expondré sobre este tema en mi clase de biología en la universidad

[@eliseolopez2790]

The language of speciation has grown more complex

[@raaspider]

nice clear explanation on a very difficult subject... evolution at the molecular level is a beast to understand

[@Raydensheraj]

It never stops 😆...new hypotheses, new evidence, new ideas, new data...it doesn't end with Biology...a decent understanding of geologic, photography, microscopy, philosophy, history etc. all add to the way a individual pursues evolutionary theory...

[@iamgod3411]

Needed this to argue with a pastor over evolution.

[@jeremygusi9949]

greatest video on speciation out there

[@CeceliaDiAngeloCeceWhittaker]

Awesome photography and animaton

[@renukadevkatte6107]

Thanks for this video! It was really helpful to me 👍

[@sarahgb2830]

I loooooooooooove this video, one of my favorites, love the graphics and designs.

[@walnerclajus3869]

That's' not science. That is emotion, faith, anything but science. I don't believe in speciation and no one could ever prove that to me with scientific data.

[@AustinALiboiron]

@@walnerclajus3869 Very cool!

[@jaysant6958]

@@walnerclajus3869What about the Zonkey? How do you get around that?

[@riccardomoscatello2030]

How do they develop unique traits that the mainland bird doesn't have at all, like long colored feathers? What is the process that triggers this change? behaviour?

[@2MC]

Variation in the gene pool, mutations, and natural selection. There are all sorts of mutations that can happen, and if it happens to be favorable to the organism in that it can survive and reproduce, then those genes are passed on. Whether it's feathers, a mating dance, or some other trait. Remember, these traits take a long, long time to evolve.

[@TurdFurgeson571]

Non-random selection of random mutations over time (usually a LOT of time). If I made a clone of you it wouldn't be exactly like you. It would be slightly different because of some random mutations along the alleles that make up the genes. Now, imagine what happens when half of your genes come from your mom and the other half from your dad, and add to that the aforementioned random mutations. If the environment your in is such that it favors any of these mutations, it's more likely that you'll survive long enough to reproduce, thus passing on these mutations, thus giving your children the same advantage you had, in turn, giving them the chance to reproduce, passing on their genes and that mutation. And on and on. Each time making the effect of that gene more pronounced (i.e. those birds didn't suddenly produce a generation with great big colorful feathers, it took many generations for such a trait to become so pronounced). That's a pretty simplistic breakdown. It's more complex than that, but for a comment on KZbin it's more than enough. Just know that it gets way more interesting from there. Stay curious

[@falcoperegrinus82]

The elaborate plumage in the Birds of Paradise evolved due to Sexual Selection. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_selection

[@avisdasarp]

Can we apply the same theory to humans as well ?

[@lrvogt1257]

It applies to all species.

[@letmerambleonaboutbio4884]

I am confused. How would the island have vegetation if no birds had ever come there to bring seeds (which then grow and become trees) to the island?

[@jakeweinsheimer6023]

Other animals can bring seeds such as deer that swim to the island or bugs, Wind can also blow seeds

[@jeniffercampos6769]

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation: A diversificação de espécies acontece quando um grupo se separa geograficamente ou se torna diferente o suficiente para não procriar entre si. Um exemplo é uma ilha vulcânica colonizada por aves do continente. Condições para especiação: isolamento reprodutivo entre populações. O isolamento reprodutivo pode ocorrer por deriva genética ao longo de milhares de gerações. Cientistas classificam espécies isoladas pelo tempo e diferenças genéticas, não por cruzamentos. Diferenças no canto das aves podem indicar incompatibilidade reprodutiva. Espécies isoladas geneticamente tornam-se espécies diferentes ao longo do tempo. Classificação de espécies considera isolamento e diferenças genéticas. Fragmentação do habitat em novas regiões pode levar a especiação. Aves do leste evoluem penas chamativas para atrair fêmeas. Aves do oeste enfrentam condições mais difíceis e não desenvolvem plumagem elaborada. Isolamento prolongado leva ao surgimento de incompatibilidade reprodutiva. Mesmo achando atraentes, fêmeas do oeste não conseguem procriar com machos do leste. Espécies relacionadas podem coexistir, mas não se reproduzir entre si. ➡️ Fragmentações repetidas na Nova Guiné contribuíram para a diversidade das aves-do-paraíso. Especiação é um processo contínuo que explica a variedade de espécies de aves. Made with HARPA AI

[@SalakoIshola]

Great lesson!

[@L.S4444]

Why does the Male bird look so depresso expresso? (Well, he did kinda got dumped lol.) 3:33

[@footfault1941]

An orthodox speciation (or precondition for it) is explained. Currently, the issue may be settled like this. Viewed in this way, however, difficulties in gradualism becomes clearer. Yet, much to be studied & analysed for more coherent reasoning.

[@avijitmajumder3345]

wow.. amazing this video fascinate me and also clear my doubt about speciation

[@mateogonzalez5678]

When they kink-shame you now but your kink leads to the evolution of your species-

[@Itswat3vah]

Great explanation

[@siddivinayaka6635]

The best video of 2018 that I saw ☺

[@eliseolopez2790]

Domestication is a sustained ,significant degree of control over reproduction

[@Dr.IanPlect]

no

[@Jahlord1919]

someone explain me how a same type of bird isolated in a different island with the same environment for it to survive would alter the gene pool

[@DudeMcClure666]

genetic drift is one possibility

[@Raydensheraj]

@@DudeMcClure666 In smaller population gene drift is definitely the best answer...

[@JeffSans]

amazing. now i understood more about how these birds of paradise and other birds had evolved

[@catkrew6690]

😠😡 They haven't evolved.. It's a stupid belief that you should not believe.... God made them 👏💖😇....

[@catkrew6690]

Ari Mathieu, how about you stop

[@sayantanchatterjee3874]

Great graphics!

[@johno7011]

One of the questions my teacher asked in this video is that if she pronounced species right, like what?

[@babyvia6712]

I was wondering that same thing a few hours ago. is it spee-shees or spee-sees?? I think it's the second one

[@janicekuharski8853]

Well done! Hope teachers find this useful.

[@khmak9387]

Is it possible to have speciation *without* geographical isolation?

[@embryophytelove]

Yes; sympatric speciation.

[@PurpleHeadedWarriorz]

Great really helped me understand more about speciation

[@loricalass4068]

Speciation does not support evolutionism as it is an example of stasis and stasis is the exact opposite of evolution. For ex. over 200,000 species of beetles are all still beetles. There are thousands upon thousands of species of birds, bees, lizards, trees, bacteria, trees, yeast, flowers, whatever. If a new species develops with any of those groups at all, you can bet your bottom science dollars that it will still be just a beetle, bee, bacteria, tree, fish, or whatever. We are supposed to fill in the blanks here with...faith...and think, "Well! If new species develops then things just keep evolving and evolving." But the next step above a species, in the Animal or Plant Kingdom, is a Family. We aren't seeing any new Families forming. Anywhere. Ever. According to Darwin's so called Tree of Life and peer reviewed evolutionary literature, new Families have evolved. Over and over and over. However, nature operates today as it did in the past. In the real world, with trillions of life forms, we never see anything developing above the level of a new species. The life forms out there have purportedly had eons and eons of ancestors preceding them which should be showing at least one example of a part this Family "transitioning" to be another Family. But we only see that in the unverifiable, purely theoretical, realm of evolutionary literature, never in any life around us. If there is no evidence for transitions from one Family to another - and please provide data if you know of any such evidence - then there is no evidence for evolution. But that's just for starters. Evolution is pure pseudo science and teaches you that you are a fish update. You are not. You have a Heavenly Father Who loves you and created you, in HIS image not in the image of Lucy or some other transition du jour. Find out who you really are.

[@annpriess4690]

What's evolutionism? Please try to follow. EVOLUTION is a change in a population's genetic makeup over time. These changes add up to new species being formed. Not too abstract. It can even be measured.

[@jaysant6958]

3:21 Can’t they still technically reproduce, and the example is just a matter of not wanting to because of the foreign tune and/or other things from the long years or isolation?

[@AcademiaBiologiaDGEP]

Hello, I'd like to add a spanish translation, but the option it's disabled.

[@morpher728]

All these intros but there's never a part 2

[@fernandrums]

Adaptation... 😇 ✌🏼 Saludos cordiales

[@MemphiStig]

Life finds a way.

[@blueberry_borb]

So fascinating!! :D Nature truly is amazing.

[@zeno8509]

Whats the songs name? 0:04

[@krabiah]

{وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِي الأَرْضِ وَلاَ طَائِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ إِلاَّ أُمَمٌ أَمْثَالُكُم مَّا فَرَّطْنَا فِي الكِتَابِ مِن شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ يُحْشَرُونَ }الأنعام38

[@willblake8153]

oath

[@gwynethbautista1034]

what are the two isolation here?

[@nilskiemle9556]

Is this envi science subject? Pelska ka rin ba? Hahaha

[@noalandau9811]

Anyone know the melody at the start?

[@MOON-lk3fz]

So the ancestor of the different species of birds of paradise is like Eevee from Pokemon?

[@pauliusmilieska8135]

I like this .Thanks

[@samuelhodge9137]

I’m just here because of IB

[@theeargasmchannel]

mood

[@eliseolopez2790]

I am blown out of my slippers 🦘

[@arunprajapati2098]

The bird of main land and of iland come back togeher in same environment than would they beome able to reproduction or the island birds able to turn in actual one.

[@jenniferherbert9904]

If they no longer recognize each other as the same species or if their gametes are unable to produce offspring anymore than no even if they live together in the same environment they no longer reproduce together that is how you see so many different kinds of birds in the same area they evolved apart and came back together as differnet species.

[@ShwetaSingh-zt2qd]

Great video..helped a lot...thankuh so much😀

[@louisette02]

Well done!

[@serverlan763]

I would love to see humans used as the examples here

[@jamesturner5406]

Hi Miss Streets

[@AnabelleRose_]

So anyone just come here bc the music is cool?

[@liamcoughlin4475]

I like the bird at 8:00

[@taohanlin2842]

Icy Gaming 2

[@pauraque]

King of saxony bird of paradise

[@aelphind4954]

What's the song?

[@vincentsvirtues2777]

Does anybody know what kind of birds have that fancy head plumage like at 6:05?

[@Usulcardo]

The King of Saxonny bird of paradise

[@ethanskip]

What is the piano song at the beginning

[@alyssaburdick5710]

How come they can’t just make a hybrid?

[@hamish3999]

It's because their genomes are too different from one another to successfully mate and produce fertile offspring. In the case of Ligers, a hybrid of a Tiger and a Lion, they are genetically similar enough to produce a hybrid offspring, but the offspring themselves will be infertile. Hybrids between species are not very common and have very strict requirements.

[@pauraque]

WEGU and GWGU would beg to differ...

[@Jahlord1919]

what about on dogs? how does this apply?

[@gg3675]

Dog breeds were created through artificial selection. The different types of dogs we see are one species, and the vast array of types were mostly bred for intentionally by humans. However, the different species of wolves we see are the product of geographic isolation as described in the video. Arctic Wolves and Red Wolves share a common ancestor, but have evolved differences over many generations due to their geographic isolation from one another.

[@jot_1867]

Mr Ham made me watch this

[@Edward-bm7vw]

No one cares.

[@memegrandpa7036]

Ms. Dei

[@morpher728]

@@Edward-bm7vw then don't comment hypocrite

[@alyssaburdick5710]

Ms. Lee

[@yasfi5196]

But.. How natural selection and sexual selection in the first place can lead to speciation? It's only possible through mutation, isn't it?

[@hamish3999]

Essentially, yes. Mutations occur at random (except in the case of cancer from UV light or by chromosomal mutations), so it is only through mutations, sexual and natural selection that speciation can occur. Bear in mind that speciation and mutations occur over a very long time, through thousands of generations.

[@Dr.IanPlect]

@@hamish3999 wrong

[@eliseolopez2790]

I will turn the skies into flying toys

[@luvsara_8]

i could be sleep rn

[@asepkriting1619]

Wow keren

[@JennaHasm]

With the isms and the game and the new English language...

[@tsubasa316]

Who else came from Jennifer nuskiewicz

[@abiwatsn]

why do i feel so sad for the male bird

[@Nah155-k4c]

The male eastern Birds simping hard

[@patroclus2474]

Awesome

[@TheGrowCave]

Facts

[@ApplianceOperator]

They're dealing with facts here, not fiction.

[@JTTunes1204]

IB Bio gang wya

[@gregorysagegreene]

Basic Darwin History.

[@jakeweinsheimer6023]

nice

[@joaquinsedamano]

¿Quién más está aquí por la tarea del resumen de biología? xddd

[@goldiqbal5907]

S I THINK U R 80% CORRECT

[@harrybaxter7333]

cute vid bro

[@bagapurotrixieannet.3614]

came here because of my teacher

[@yvonnerogers6429]

👍🏻

[@point3zero8]

I knew I was a different species than Tyrone or Shaniqua.

[@knyy_]

island birds are incels lol

[@jyy9624]

Save Papuan habitats

[@helenchufe4074]

Este si que esta en ingles

[@CeceIias]

Ayo whats up people that came here from their teachers

[@Your_memer957]

I came here beacuse my mam say me

[@eliseolopez2790]

Reproductive isolation