Lemberg (Lviv) Under the Habsburgs: A City Transformed, 1772-1867

[@enib5989]

The history of multicultural places in the old Hapsburg empire before the first world war is a subject that's always interested me, and in that regard this channel is a godsend. Also, because you leave them out in favour of focusing on other groups. How did Lviv come to have an Armenian population, and did it stick around after the Austrian conquest?

[@jaremakrol5875]

In 1080, Armenia was conquered by the Turks, which caused a mass migration to the present-day territories of Ukraine. In 1356, after the conquest of these territories by Poland, King Casimir III granted them additional rights and freedoms, which caused further migration of Armenians to the territories of eastern Poland and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Most of them remained there under the rule of Austria and later the Second Polish Republic. Most of them died during World War II, hunted by both the Nazis and the Communists

[@enib5989]

​@@jaremakrol5875 Interesting, much appreciated fellow commenter

[@jangajewski6849]

@@jaremakrol5875not sure if most of them died during the war. I think they mostly assimilated in xix century. Before the war their numbers wasnt high. After war lot of them were resettled to Poland. F.ex. polish culinary chef Robert Makłowicz is of Armenian descent.

[@jaremakrol5875]

@@jangajewski6849 Yeah, I'm simplifying it a bit. Almost all of their clergy and many ordinary people were killed. Some Armenians were assimilated voluntarily, some by force (under Stalin), some emigrated to Armenia, some were deported to the interior of the USSR, some stayed.

[@ronyobry898]

Hopsburg

[@brianhagan3290]

Loved this video: Lviv/Lwów/Lemberg is a fascinating city.

[@nafanarefour4564]

Don't forget Lemberik!

[@tornation5609]

Great video as always, thanks Sir Manatee !

[@Mrcoffe-xw8gz]

21:40 This is a mistake, or at least badly worded, the uprising part of the events of 1846, was almost compleatly centralised in Kraków, while being mostly non exsistant in the rest of Galicia. What instead happened in the rest of Galicia was PRO-Austrian revolt of peasants, which was a series of disorganised massacers of Polish Nobility by the peasants. Less a uprising and more just an outbrake of civil violence. The point about Lwów remaining calm during that period doesn't really mean a lot, since almost all of the violence was limited to the coutryside, while the uprising was limited to Krakow.

[@patforbes22]

What is civil about a violence? Watch what you say.

[@politikvonprof.dr.jerzymac7999]

@@patforbes22 standing against a violent power

[@patforbes22]

@ puknij się w jeża.

[@johnnotrealname8168]

​@@patforbes22It means internal...you know that.

[@johnnotrealname8168]

It had to do with land-tenure which the Habsburgs were seen as less bad on somehow. To be fair they ended serfdom two years later.

[@michagajewski8527]

Szlachta = whole polish nobility, not high nobility only

[@adamGdanski]

I would even say: szlachta equals "gentry", so the lower nobility!😊

[@bzzcks]

Just came across your channel; impressive content! Your discussion of Lemberg reminds me that my former primary care physician here in Cleveland OH had an elaborate framed diploma in his office from the University of Lemberg. It conferred a medical degree upon one of his ancestors. Some Latin, mostly German.

[@Pawe-hg8jc]

What a great documentary on one of the most important cities in the history of Poland and the Polish nation ! I would only add that in the first half of the 19th century Lwów was a prominent centre of culture as not only Ossolineum was founded there but for instance Franz Xavier Wolfang Mozart, Mozart's most talented son, lived and worked there for 25 years (1813-1838).

[@Artur_M.]

Great video about a complex topic! A little fact about Ossolineum: this institution, also known as the Ossoliński National Institute (Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich), which importance for the Polish culture can hardly be overstated, still exists. However, since 1947 it is located in Wrocław (former Breslau). It's not the only link between the two cites. But I suspect we might hear more about that in future videos.

[@anonymous-hz2un]

If it's so important to the polish, why isn't it located in a polish city?

[@bandit9667]

​@@anonymous-hz2unbut it is in one look at a map

[@niepowaznyczlowiek]

​@@anonymous-hz2un Most people living in Wrocław are former residents of Lwów and the surrounding lands or ancestors of those people...

[@anonymous-hz2un]

@niepowaznyczlowiek ergo colonists.

[@niepowaznyczlowiek]

@@anonymous-hz2un Your point being? The Germans, during the war, had been colonizing the Polish lands like Lubelszczyzna for example, enslaving and murdering millions of men, women, children, as well as abducting people (especially children). The Germans living in Breslau were expelled, in a far less brutal manner, than what they have done to Poles, and the whole war was a tragedy that was started by Germany and by the Soviet Union.

[@witchland]

Thank you - I very much enjoy your content and the work you put into it. Central European history is generally neglected in the US, so this is all very informative. I never thought I'd spend 40+ minutes watching a video on Gustav Stresemann and be fascinated by it. Along the lines of this presentation, I'd be very interested in seeing something similar about Trieste, another multicultural backwater that the Habsburgs transformed into a modern city. Thanks again!

[@patrickgreen9619]

Thanks for a professional in-depth account of Lemberg`s 19th century history. I`m tired of people calling it Paris of the East as in fact, it has more in common with Vienna, Krakow than any French city.

[@erichamilton3373]

At this point, there are so many Parises of the North and East...

[@kaszlnikk7772]

man i sure do love when youtube doesn't give me a notification from this channel

[@Nursilmaz]

Your channel is such a gem. Thank you for your work

[@SenBonZakura2007]

Great video again, thank you. I wonder if I can give you a challenge in suggesting you cover another fabled multicultural city that changed unrecognisably with the wars - Smyrna/Izmir. Would require a bit of shift of gears but I think you could totally do it! Thanks again and keep up the good work

[@AlejoToro-f3w]

Its always a good day when a Sir Manatee video drops

[@thorpeaaron1110]

Can you do a similar video on Lwow (Lviv) in the Second Polish Republic during the Interwar Period?

[@JaffaJannu]

Time after time I'm astounded how knowledgeable manatees are about European history!

[@julian4992]

looking forward to part 2!

[@BrigitteRieser]

Having a relative who married to Lemberg in 1806 and another who designed a church 90 yrs later, I r e a l l y look forward to part 2.

[@breakinggood3601]

My family has been living 20km away from lviv since at least the beginning of the 17th century!

[@stephanottawa7890]

A Lemberg resident mentioned to me a long time ago that before the WW I all the police in Lemberg were Polish. There were simply no Germans, Ukrainians or Jews. Therefore when the Polish Republic was declared in 1918, they became part of the Polish administration without a hiccup. It was already 100% Polish. Or was this an exaggeration on her part?

[@jezalb2710]

There were also Jews, Ukrainians living in Lwów back then.

[@jezalb2710]

And there were skirmishes between Poles and Ukrainians in 1918/1919 Over the city

[@ayararesara6253]

Roman catholics were like a half of city's population.

[@johnnotrealname8168]

From what I know the Ruthenians were rather frustrated being under them.

[@stephanottawa7890]

By the comments attached to my initial comment and question I can only conclude that the respondents did not understand my initial comment and question or they do not understand English in any precise way.

[@winecko]

16:32 Yakov Holovatskyi wasn't ukrainian even a bit. He himself was part of the Galician Russophilia group, which was anything but pro-ukrainian group. Not even talking about the support for Hungarian Rusyns, which they wouldn't support if Yakov was pro-ukrainian. (Magocsi - The Shaping of National Identity pp. 43, Pop - Podkarpatská Rus: osobnosti její historie, vědy a kultury pp. 311). The Supreme Ruthenian council is also a controversial topic, because in the early days, they were ruled by Galician russophiles (whose, again I wouldn't call ukrainians really, tho they genetically could be) and weirdly enough they supported the Adolf Dobriansky's Austroslavic vision of uniting Galician and Hungarian Rusyns. (Magocsi - The Shaping of National Identity pp. 43, Konečný - Náčrt dejín karpatských Rusínov pp. 102) But thank you for this amazing video, keep it up!

[@olgagaming5544]

What was the Austrioslavic vision? Haha

[@winecko]

@olgagaming5544 The first Dobriansky's Memorrandum was about making a new "kingdom" withing Austrian emipre called Ruthenian kingdom consisting of Galician and Carpathian Ruthenians. This was not only supported by Rusyn intelligencia during their national awakening, but weirldy enough, the Prešov eparchy also supported the vision of this kingdom. Later the Yakov and the Supreme Ruthenian Council also declared their support for this Memorrandum. So Dobriansky went to the emperor with his brother and Mikhail Visianik, Jozef Sholtes, and others, to present this memorranda, Bach didn't really care about it, because they weren't separatist, and this new kingdom would be still better then another war. But the Emperor said no, and the main reason is being said that emperor didn't want to destroy old Hungary, which I get, but It's also probably good, because the region where Rusyns live would be earlier Ukrainianized, if those two regions would form and Union. This very much pro-Austrianism is very much a form of Austroslavism, where slavs don't want to break up, but rather co-op together. (Magocsi - The Shaping of National Identity, Konečný - Náčrt dejín karpatských Rusínov, Pop - Malá historie Rusínů and Zilynskyi - History of Ukraine, there are just some of my sources, can get more if you want)

[@olgagaming5544]

@winecko cool, propably pretty cool idea at that time when they were living under Austrian reign xD

[@ayararesara6253]

Rusyns having different views on their nationality in XIX century doesn't change almost all of them being ancestors of those who are now called "ukrainians". The people just got renamed in following decades, so it's not surprising the author uses modern name for convenience, despite not being 100% accurate.

[@winecko]

@ayararesara6253 If you would came to Yakov at that time (Yes he used mainly Yakov), and say that he is Ukrainian, I think he would even kill you. Even wikipedia prefers Galician, because it's a sensitive topic. And let's call them Ruthenians, Rusyns are an east slavic ethic group, Ruthenians aren't

[@CarthagoMike]

fascinating, looking forward to part 2

[@arclight7401]

As a Lviv resident, this is fantastic! Thank you

[@SirManateee]

Glad you enjoyed it :D

[@julesb.-w.4553]

@arclight7401: when is a good time of year to visit Lviv?

[@arclight7401]

@@julesb.-w.4553 spring and especially autumn is best

[@niepowaznyczlowiek]

@@arclight7401 Is life in the city good? I am considering moving there from Poland. Cheers.

[@darknest6677]

​@niepowaznyczlowiekMan it is a country at war. Very corupted. You can buy almost any document you want. Better if you don't move with family. As far as you have job there then I understand to some point. I guess you are a pole. So in which state (województwo) do you live?

[@essasito1919]

Very good pronunciations of polish names on your part. Good video.

[@williamboisdenghien2849]

This Leopold von Sacher-Masoch really sound like a fun guy to be around.

[@SirManateee]

So much wit and banter, I love him.

[@williamboisdenghien2849]

@@SirManateee If I got the names right he is the father of another Leopold von Sacher-Masoch who gave us the name masochism...

[@JoeRogansForehead]

I don’t know why I needed to know this but I’m glad I did

[@anthonyruby2668]

LOVE IT!!! I rarely make suggestions, but I am dying to get the history of Strasbourg sometime! Unless there is already a video

[@hicham2594]

Great video. Glad I came across this channel.

[@yavorrazboinikov9396]

Great work as always, I really appreciate your videos and how you show that different groups had different priorities and issues. Would you like to make a video about a multicultural location in the Ottoman empire some day? Thessaloniki/Solun/Selanik seems like a nice case study 😊. Greetings from the Balkans!

[@yarroslawna7385]

i come from Lviv and i was really surprised and happy to see the whole video about it. thanks!

[@pabarabanu]

Loved the video, hope you will eventually make one about Chernivtsi, my hometown)))

[@ПавлоРадь]

What a great video! As a citizen of Lviv, I can only thank you for such profound insights. It would be great if you could make a video on Lviv's history during the Interwar Period, including a short life of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic

[@fredlamprecht]

highly informative and very well researched!!!

[@theconqueringram5295]

This is some fascinating history!

[@KentMansley_Beaurocrat]

Lwow (Polish name for the city) is where my family used to live back prior to WW2. They used to own a concrete factory, but most of them died following the Ukrainian genocide of the Polish population. The rest managed to relocate to Warsaw after. It’s a city that both exemplifies the beauty and horror of eastern European history. Thank you for the wonderful video 🙂

[@ilkopetryk221]

There was no such event in Lviv history as "genocide" you mentioned. During WW2 Lviv was under German and Soviet occupation.

[@jankowalski6842]

​@@ilkopetryk221whole World except Ukrainian Nazis recognized this genecide

[@feel_et8643]

@@ilkopetryk221 yes there was. Ukranian fascists murdered hunderds of thousands of poles in eastern galicia

[@anonymous-hz2un]

​@@jankowalski6842 ok, you can have Lviv back. That is, when you give Danzig, Stettin, Breslau, Katovitz and Allenstein back to Germany.

[@benq3009]

@@anonymous-hz2un he didn't say anything about wanting it back also kattowitz? lol

[@tifonepacoz]

Well done , great video loved it

[@capslocked7274]

im born and raised in vienna and was shocked to feel more at home in lviv than most parts of my own city

[@czerwonymotyl948]

yes, ur bas*tard country divided Poland which helps u with Turkish army

[@czerwonymotyl948]

your f***** country divided Poland which helps u in 1683. F*** austria

[@KonyCurrentYear]

Ludwig Von Mises, the famed Austrian economist, was born in Lemburg.

[@alexandermalinowski4277]

Apparently he was from those parts of Jewish population that assimilated to German-Austrian culture.

[@konduktorpklpriv3133]

Another banger sir

[@victinity]

Oh boy what a great video to start my weekend

[@VytasNeviera]

The partition in 1772 was of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

[@harryukraine]

Very interesting, thanks for sharing.

[@radored7750]

Great video.

[@HUNVilly]

One of my favorite cities. Can't wait to go back.

[@yourlifeisworthmyhair]

Very well done, however. I would take issue with the usage of the word Ukrainians during the 14 and 15 hundreds. Ruthenian is better suited, even if not entirely clarifying the exact origin or history of these people. The Union of Uzhhorod can be debated elsewhere, but it did do much to destroy and then change through coercion the historical direction of these people. In the United States, you will find old Ruthen Orthodox Churches, which will deny any form of Ukrainian background, and who left the Greek Catholic practice behind. In Serbia Ruthenian people have full minority rights and some towns have name places written in Latin, Serbian and Ruthenian Cyrillic. I've also seen this in southeastern Poland, Polish Latin and Cyrillic. In Slovakia it's also visible. These Ruthenians will not claim Ukrainian heritage.

[@ayararesara6253]

No wonder, they emigrated before the completion of ukrainian nationhood on former A-H lands.

[@stephanottawa7890]

17:28 Was Archbishop Levyskyi defending the use of Church Slavonic in the liturgy or do you mean he was against the Ruthenian or Ukrainian language in general? If so, what language did he prefer for daily life among the Ukrainian peasants?

[@olgagaming5544]

He was against but I'm not sure about the language. The mass for sure in Latin but daily idk

[@stephanottawa7890]

@@olgagaming5544 Not sure what you mean here. The Byzantine Liturgy (it is not called a mass) was never in Latin. The Polish RC mass was of course in Latin, but that has nothing to do with my comment and question.

[@ayararesara6253]

idk about this guy in particular, but some intelectuals worked on idea to create the mix between church slavonic and local language: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iazychie It wasn't popular among the masses.

[@stephanottawa7890]

@ Thanks for the additional information.

[@user98344]

Great video! Are you planning to make a video about Pressburg (Bratislava) under the Habsburgs?

[@Reytan-e8x]

Bratislava was not under Austrian ,but under Hungerian occupation.

[@user98344]

​@@Reytan-e8x Hungry was re-established as a nation in 1867

[@Ian-vj5pv]

The pseudodocumentary failed to acknowledge that money for development came from Polish wealthy taxpayers and individual investors. The architects were predominantly ethnic Poles, often educated abroad (e.g. opera house).

[@SirManateee]

You're mixing up a few things here. In the time frame this video discusses, so the one before Galician autonomy, most Architects came from Vienna and were not ethnic Poles. Some examples include Ludwig Pichl (Skarbek Theatre), Joseph Markl & Franz Trescher (New Town Hall). The matter of architecture and urban was strictly controlled by the central government in Vienna and the local building directory in Lemberg was headed by another Viennese architect (Johann Salzmann), whose Biedermeier-Style left an important mark on the city. That all changed after 1867, where local Polish architects from Lemberg itself rose to the scene and built a number of stunning buildings. But again, this is outside of this video's timeframe. The example you mention (the opera house) wasn't even built until 1900. And the fact that buildings were and are financed with taxpayer's money is hardly a scandalous revelation.

[@Ian-vj5pv]

@SirManateee Your biased narrative ommits Polish character and heritage of the city of Lwow. The city was effectively funded by the Casimirus the Great based on the Magdebourg rights, and at that time, effectively no timber structures survived from the ruthenian time.

[@krzysiu7136]

Great Video but I’d have to point out a tiny mistake in your narrative, since you mention „polish nationalists uprising in 1846 (did you mean Kraków uprising from this year?) but at the video we see picture signed as galician peasant uprising (which in fact was far far away from being „nationalistic”). Also I wouldn’t be so sure with connecting majority of peasantry to ruthenic ethnic group, especially in this region and especially in this direct period of time. Und noch ein kleiner Vorschlag von mir. Versuchen Sie mehr polnischen oder deutschen/österreichischen Quellen zu finden, weil die ukrainische Historiographie leider nicht die tollste ist.

[@yuriyfedyshyn1862]

Thanks for such good video in English

[@thedead12]

9:03 after the tower rudely collapsed How rude of the tower

[@AdamsTysu]

Since you use the name Lemberg, then Lviv, it may be worth recalling the original name Lwów. This is the Polish name of an old Polish city that Austria stole from Poland in 1772. It was the greatest theft in the history of modern Europe; 3 bandit countries Russia, Prussia and Austria stole the Land of Poles and Lithuanians. It is worth remembering that it was the Austrians who incited Ukrainians against Poles until the end, i.e. until 1918, and constantly pursued dirty anti-Polish policies.

[@ayararesara6253]

"the original name Lwów" Lmao. How did you watch this video?

[@AdamsTysu]

@@ayararesara6253 Not the video but the title. The title has the great power.

[@ayararesara6253]

@@AdamsTysu Yeah and it's a good title.

[@jabbh7680]

​@@ayararesara6253great title would be Polish city of Lwów

[@ayararesara6253]

@@jabbh7680 Are you stupid? The topic is specifically austrian rule. Stop seething, you are not helping poles to beat the allegations.

[@schepvogelk5971]

Will you make a part 2?

[@daddust]

The city of Lwów before and after that time. Multiethnic cities in the dual state were normal. Krakow for instance. Absolutely not unique.

[@yanniiick]

Great video:)

[@gokce9521]

Did you not watch the whole thing? 10 minutes in he starts talking about how much you suck.

[@stellina0505]

Love your video, very informatives. Also, have ever consider of making a profile on other socials (like Bluesky or X) then youtube just you know, for keeping your audience informed etc.

[@jimmothy3012]

Great video, can I suggest doing a video on Reichsbanner SWR and other anti-fascist paramilitaries in Weimar Germany? I think it could be an interesting topic with little content existing for it.

[@SirManateee]

That is a great suggestion ;)

[@stephanottawa7890]

11:06 What did you mean by casino? There was a Polish casino?

[@BrigitteRieser]

Probably officers casinos.

[@AtreidesMan]

Who would have imagined in the late 19th century/early 20th century that a hundred years later we would miss the Habsburg monarchy… if only Franz Ferdinand would have survived and implemented his “united states of the danube” vision! How many tragedies could we have avoided!

[@joshuafrimpong244]

That may not have worked

[@Dimitrishuter]

🤨

[@IrtaMan228]

Who is this "we" you speak of?

[@Poohbah-g9k]

​@@joshuafrimpong244True. But what actually happened certainly didn't work.

[@joshuafrimpong244]

@@Poohbah-g9k true again

[@Speckbeppo420]

NEEWW VIDEO RAAAAH🗣️🔥🔥🚩🚩

[@baselius662]

Depite the bad rap the Austrian Empire get for collapsing in WWI, their multicultural and decentralized system worked quite well before and their rule quite gentile compared to other nations at the time.

[@mikolajtrzeciecki1188]

12:43 If you forbid the use of a language in administration and education, you will effectively kill the language. Or is your opinion that Celtic languages in France are doing well nowadays?

[@SirManateee]

It didn't kill the Polish language though, did it?

[@mikolajtrzeciecki1188]

@@SirManateee No, because it was reintroduced to both education and administration.

[@IcekSzechter]

@@mikolajtrzeciecki1188 Polish language wasn't forbidden in administration nor education in Austrian partition. It is the case of German partition. Effects of 19th century germanisation are still visible today in Poland.

[@mikolajtrzeciecki1188]

@@IcekSzechter The movie author tells precisely this. Probably, you are blended by the very liberal policies of Franz Josef in the last part of 19c. Austria was not always like this. Joseph II was particularly, how to say it, nitpicky. Prussia was quite liberal back then, before Bismarck, for a change...

[@annehersey9895]

I really liked this video. It’s wonderful to get the history of an area that you often hear of presently but you know none of its history!

[@heymetwaly9235]

learning things! awesome!

[@katarzynakapusta2525]

That's amazing! Must say, it always feels awkward to be interested in the (vast) Polish element in the history and tradition of Lviv or Vilnius but it definitely makes more sense to overcome it and embrace it than to leave a hole in the image. Just as I would have nothing against Germans being curious about pre-war architecture in Breslau. Visited Lviv a few times already, don't really have the guts to cross the border during the war - but I'd love to do another city break. It's gorgeous! Say what you want, I believe a truly awesome city, like Paris, New York, Vienna, or like Lviv, is one where many nationalities have laid their positive impact, and where you can see it from the names chiseled in their Pantheons.

[@Arrow_of_Times]

The Hapsburgs were always the best and most tolerant of the ‘three emperors’

[@prkp7248]

No, not always. Before napoleonic wars austrian part of Poland was the most repressed. They changed their policy toward Poles after they were defeated by young and fresh army of dutch of Warsaw.

[@Adixeeel]

​@@prkp7248duchy*

[@BXMKE]

People often forget that a lot of people in these areas were loyal to Austria and the Habsburgs because their Catholic faith was being persecuted or barely tolerated by most other states in the region, especially for the Polish, Hungarians and Croatians which have fought centuries against Muslim and Orthodox empires. Although the Orthodox treatment of Catholics were somewhat better, Austria provided a protection for their religion and culture.

[@MateusVIII]

I visited Lviv in 2019 and it was such an interesting place because of how it felt polish, austrian and ukranian all at the same time.

[@shelbynamels7948]

Fact: Eastern European history is much neglected in educational curricula, unlike the history of the rest of Europe. As a result, most people in the West lack the historical understanding of the dynamics that inform the politics of today's countries in the region.

[@EkoFranko]

But yet westerners are less genocidal to their neighbors and more civilized then slavic people (atleast they are not killing each other right now lol in a fullscale total war like russians and ukrainians)

[@chris3759]

Thank you for your video! Well it’s not really surprising, but it seems like some of the sources you used are just pure Austrian propaganda from that time. Descriptions of how everything was run down and miserable before they took over are a bit on the nose, don't you think? Austrians somehow had to erase the Polish culture from Lwów, legitimise their own rule and unsurprisingly make a contrast between „the perfect Austrian order” and an obvious „former Polish mismanagement”. It wasn't quite unusual back in the day. Also one should be careful while using some of the Ukrainian sources - been to Lviv several times, there’s a lot of (probably Soviet era, legitimising the Soviet rule 😉) misinformation considering the history in the public places, such as the information boards etc. undermining any Polish traces in the city. And for the record: it's obvious it's a Ukrainian city today, but so it is obvious it's been part of Poland with a predominant Polish population and culture not a long time ago. Some people seem not to be accepting both facts 😛 Cheers.

[@tq9765]

Lwów Leopolis

[@Lasstpak]

Ukrainian Piemont. I love to hear/see more :).

[@timmyturner327]

Danke fur das video!

[@SirManateee]

Kein Problem 😊

[@kidmohair8151]

bitte schon. i am really enjoying learning about the twists and turns of the history of Mittel Europa.

[@tdkolton]

Very interesting.

[@maxsonthonax1020]

What's the deal with Lvovberg?

[@RickJaeger]

Good old Lwym

[@eMBO_Gaming]

Lwów mentioned 🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱🦅💪

[@severianmonk7394]

Not really within the focus of this channel but the history of: 1. The bratstvas, and 2. The emergenceof literary Ukrainian from the obselete chancery Ukrainian would be fascinating, at least BB to me. A history of its development has never appeared in English though it would be difficult to track down sources and authorites.

[@1MuchButteR1]

Do a video on Vilnius

[@wojtek8534]

Beautiful polish city LWÓW

[@rasmusirlind8829]

lviv is for sure on the top of my list for cities i need to visit

[@fabovondestory]

Same

[@komodomaster1512]

Sir manatee having to pick between making a video about germanic europe or slavic europe

[@homerfj1100]

Does anyone remember the Woody Allen Armenian joke?

[@Vito-yp5wh]

Solches gefiel mir atemberaubend!!! Was für eine Stadt diese Lemeberg, was für eine Geschichte dieser Lemberg.

[@Adixeeel]

Always lwów

[@funghi2606]

Wait does also German call it “the second war of Italian independence” ?! I thought it was a name used only in Italy xd

[@ksks2086]

amazing

[@voxclamantisexnihilo]

Dear Sir Manatee, Always very informative videos, thank you. I especially appreciate your documentation, that is rare for this sort of video. I have to tell you I always find the comment section amusing with the various nationalists insulting each other, it is sort of a microcosm of Austria-Hungary but in contemporary guise.

[@SirManateee]

It is quite funny sometimes, but as a whole it's just kind of sad.

[@Catarigue]

here's a video idea: can you do a video on Franz Ferdinand??

[@SirManateee]

I might

[@janhusar9105]

Lviv has been a Polish city since 1349. It was occupied by the Austro-Hungarians. This is a city built by Poles. Lviv was stolen after the war by Stalin.

[@rubenkerobyan6891]

Great video, thank you.

[@guavaguy4397]

I'm guessing a Ostsiedlung video is on the horizon?

[@Poohbah-g9k]

How strange it must be to live in a city that's had so many names 🤔

[@alexandermalinowski4277]

In Europe most of the cities have different names.

[@Rugia-ox7hx]

Vienna is the East.

[@apocalypto2788]

Perhaps an unpopular opinion from a resident but Lemberg had the best time under Austrians

[@ПташкаРозалі-т2л]

As another Lviv resident, I think it’s a popular opinion. There is a reason why some people refer to Austria as „grandma Austria“ (бабця Австрія) when talking about that times. There’s no such thing with Poland for example.

[@krzysiu7136]

@@ПташкаРозалі-т2лwell, that’s not a mystery, since this region is nowadays the most polonophobic and far-right

[@jabbh7680]

Under Poland*

[@ПташкаРозалі-т2л]

Nope

[@davrosdarlek7058]

I don't aggree with dismissing complaints against Polish being eradicated as non-sensical which is pretty blind to the situation of Polish contemporaries. The time span might be exaggerated but the Austrian would love nothing else than to eradicate a language, they simply weren't homogenous enough to do it.

[@chrismath149]

Austria protected Polish identity. The Cislethanian Reichsrat ( Parliament ) granted rights to minorities ( just like the Polish ) and gave them seats according to their population numbers. Those areas had their own regional parliaments as well. You confuse the situation with Translethania where Magyarisation took place ( which caused a lot of friction between the Austrian and the Hungarian part of the Empire ). Don't just invent things because you don't like someone. It hurts your cause.

[@charlesiragui2473]

I wonder whether Polish was a lingua franca in Lviv/Lwow or did the three major communities just use basic knowledge of each other’s languages. Or German? It seems unlikely that Poles or Germans would have learned Yiddish or Ukrainian as both of these communities were socially oppressed.

[@IcekSzechter]

Austrian census 1909: 187.056 total, 120.612 Polish, 20.400 German or Yiddish, 15.159 Ruthenian (today known as Ukrainian)

[@charlesiragui2473]

@@IcekSzechter So do you take from this that these communities communicated with each other in Polish?

[@krzysztof9512-y6v]

This video is pure propaganda. Under Austrian rule, Galicia became the poorest region of partitioned Poland, with virtually no industry. While I'm not a fan of Russia, at least under Russian control, the area of Poland west of the Bug River experienced the Industrial Revolution.

[@alexandermalinowski4277]

Galicia indeed was is very bad economic shape, but Lwów was developing just fine.

[@TheBard1999]

This video is About Lviv not Galicia. Author states that despite Austrian project Lamberg became the poorest large city in the Austrian Monarchy. Lamberg was the center of Austrian administration in Galicia so it was in better shape then rest of the province.

[@deputykirsanov7314]

“West of the big river” What are you implying? East of Bug lays Belarus and Ukraine.

[@alexandermalinowski4277]

@@deputykirsanov7314 You mean East of Bug river. Bug river became border of Russian partition in 1795 and after 1815 divided Kimgdom of Poland from Russian Empire. Kingdom of Poland became industrialised part of Russia, though not as industrialised as Silesia. Also all public services were underdeveloped in Kingdom of Poland.

[@deputykirsanov7314]

@alexandermalinowski4277 Yes, my bad. Spelling mistake. I meant to say - border of historical “ethnic” Poland is the Bug River, and has always been so there wasn’t a point to say “west of Bug”, just say “Tsardom of Poland”/“Tsarstvo Polskoje” East of it lay Malorussian and Belarusian lands. The Kresy idea is dangerous and harmful

[@Coolmd-it4ck]

I love your videos😊

[@Filon2137Potocki]

Thank you for this video sir ♥️ 🇺🇦🇵🇱🇩🇪🇦🇹

[@jacobparry177]

Very discourteous of that one tower.