Lesson 1 - What Is Alternating Current? (AC Circuit Analysis)

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current flows from negative to positive, electrons are negatively charged

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[@coolkid9770]

in 10:12 does it mean that the AC completes one flow in one direction or it gets cancelled and flows in the other direction and does not complete any flow in any direction?

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[@C.T.Daniels]

He labeled the receptacle incorrectly, the longer slot is the neutral or negative the shorter slot is the line or positive?

[@Shawdj1]

I think you just confused me when you bring up the wall socket.My understanding is that the right plug is power and the left is the neutral wire. And normally the white wire would not be "hot" or have current. Maybe it was an over simplification. However, because you discussed the current alternating in a circuit diagraphm; its easier to understand it as a concept but not in a physical sense. So my question is: Do the same electrons go back to the original source? I assume not, because of distance and the addition of resistance, then how far does the current reverse itself? Can it be described as more of an ebb and flow?

[@surferdude642]

In residential wiring the larger slot on a receptacle is neutral and the shorter one is hot, so you are correct there. When something is plugged in and powered up the neutral will have exactly the same current as the hot under normal operation. The voltage will be 0v as it is bonded to the ground wire at the main electrical panel. The neutral current does return to the source, the center tap of the transformer secondary windings. The electrons don't flow like water, but they leave their present atoms and move to the neighboring ones and then go back at 60 hz throughout the entire length of the wire when the power is on. The back and forth movement of electrons is extremely small, but does cause some heat and resistance. Wire gauge is specified based on length and anticipated current value (amps), to keep the system functioning correctly. So electrons don't move like a ball inside a pipe, but rather only a short distance back and forth. The back and forth movement is caused by the constant magnetic attraction and repulsion from a rotating magnet around opposite coiled wires to create AC electricity in simple terms, at the power generating facility. Common methods are diesel powered generators, water flow (hydro electric turbines) and wind power. I understand your confusion regarding his explanation of the typical 120v residential receptacle, because it's wrong. The hot and neutral are 2 separate entities and they don't intermingle or have current flow back and forth between them. If they did, you'd have a short circuit and the breaker would trip.

[@elvisomoruyi3715]

Noted. But why is it that when you measure the socket with a neon tester , one terminal is constant live and the other never..

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A sinewave depicts movements in the form of waves. It has a datum, rapid, slowing and steady growth in one direction for a quarter cycle with reference to a datum (a reference), and then slow and faster decay in one direction for the next quarter cycle, and all these elements again in the opposite direction (reversal) of the forward movement for the next half-cycle. It has peaks and valleys. In essence, the sinewave is a perfect embodiment of oscillatory movements like springs and quantities like voltage. It retains its waveshape when added to another sinewave of the same frequency and arbitrary phase and is the only periodic waveform which has this property. The charges in a resistor subject to a sinusoidal voltage do not migrate elsewhere on the average. They merely slosh back and forth, so to say, over each cycle without a change in their position when the resistor was not energised. Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science not two. To learn the operation of circuits it is instructive to understand Current, the conduction process and Voltage at the fundamental level as in the following two videos: i. kzbin.info/www/bejne/iHbWiJeabJukrsU and ii. kzbin.info/www/bejne/bnO0fpKurJeFnNE A sinusoidal voltage generator operates by separating charges for the positive half-cycle in one direction initially rapidly and slowing down and momentarily halting when its voltage is at the positive peak, and then gradually reuniting the separated charges to make the separation zero; when all charges reunite, the generator voltage is zero. The negative half-cycle now commences, when the generator operates by separating charges in the opposite direction initially rapidly and slowing down and momentarily halting when its voltage is at the negative peak, and then gradually reuniting the charges to make their separation zero; when all charges reunite, the generator voltage is zero. It then begins the next positive half-cycle followed by the negative half-cycle and the process repeats. The last frame References in video #1 lists textbook 4 which discusses these topics in more detail using a unified approach and provides an intuitive understanding of sinusoidal steady-state voltages and currents in capacitive and inductive circuits.

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Sir does this mean the armature make 60 revolutions a second, or 30 maybe.

[@shuha24]

In the AC circuit does the hot(black) wire becomes the neutral(white ) wire and vise versa ?

[@surferdude642]

That's basically what I understood from what he said, but that is completely false. Maybe he was thinking about a 240v residential circuit which has 2 hot wires that alternate back and forth with power and return.

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