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Hello Guys, In this lecture we are going to explain one of the most important reagent for Jee mains, Advance, NEET and AIIMS.
Lithium aluminium hydride, LiAlH4, also abbreviated as LAH, is a reducing agent commonly employed in modern organic synthesis.
It is a nucleophilic reducing agent, best used to reduce polar multiple bonds like C=O.
LiAlH4 can reduce aldehydes to primary alcohols, ketones to secondary alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters to primary alcohols, amides and nitriles to amines, epoxides to alcohols and lactones to diols.
Lithium aluminium hydride cannot reduce an isolated non-polar multiple bond like C=C. However, the double or triple bonds in conjugation with the polar multiple bonds can be reduced.
LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent compared to sodium borohydride, NaBH4, since the Al-H bond is weaker and thus less stable than B-H bond.
LiAlH4 is prepared by the reaction between lithium hydride and aluminium chloride.
The reduction of a carbonyl group by LiAlH4 is initiated by the attack of nucleophilic hydride ion on the carbonyl carbon to give a tetrahedral intermediate.
LiAlH4 is a nucleophilic reducing agent since the hydride transfer to the carbonyl carbon occurs prior to the coordination to the carbonyl oxygen. It reacts faster with electron deficient carbonyl groups. The reactivity of carbonyl compounds with this reagent follows the order: (Decreasing)
Aldehydes , Ketones , ester , amide , carboxylic acid
The steps involved in the reduction of various functional groups are shown below:
Reduction of Aldehydes or Ketones to 10 or 20 alcohols: Initially, a hydride ion is transferred onto the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen atom coordinates to the remaining aluminium hydride species to furnish an alkoxytrihydroaluminate ion, which can reduce the next carbonyl molecule. Thus three of the hydride ions are used up in reduction.
Many More concepts and tricks are discussed in details inside the Lecture. we Hope, You will enjoy the session and it would be definitely a great content for jee mains, advance, NEET and AIIMS.
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