Birch Reduction || Dissolving Metal Reduction || Concept Booster | Jee Mains | Advance | NEET

Hello Guys, In this video, we are going to discuss a very important topic for Jee Mains, advanced, NEET and AIIMS. The Birch reduction is an organic reaction where aromatic rings undergo a 1,4-reduction to provide unconjugated cyclohexadienes. The reduction is conducted by sodium or lithium metal in liquid ammonia and in the presence of an alcohol. The mechanism begins with a single electron transfer(SET) from the metal to the aromatic ring, forming a radical anion. The anion then picks up a proton from the alcohol which results in a neutral radical intermediate. Another SET, and abstraction of a proton from the alcohol results in the final cyclohexadiene product and two equivalents of metal alkoxide salt as a byproduct. In the case of substituted aromatic rings, the regiochemistry can be predicted using Birch's empirical rules.
Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes with the use of sodium dissolved in an ammonia solvent. An Na radical donates an electron to one of the P bonds in a carbon-carbon triple bond. This forms an anion, which can be protonated by a hydrogen in an ammonia solvent. This prompts another Na radical to donate an electron to the second P orbital. Soon after this anion is also protonated by a hydrogen from the ammonia solvent, resulting in a trans-alkene.
R-C≡C-R + 2 Na in NH3 (liq) = trans R-CH=CH-R + 2 NaNH2
Many other important reactions from dissolving metal reaction has been discussed in details. We Hope this would be great help for you Guys.
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Birch Reduction of (1) Aromatic compounds (2) Alkynes (3) Conjugated Dienes (4) AlphaBeta unsaturated Ketones @

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Sir 47:26 me जहां OMe connected है wahan ka carbon reduce kse ho gaya.. OMe ke niche ka carbon to reduce nhi hota h... Aur jab wo reduce होगा nhi to phir ye OMe का hatna bhi nhi hoga.. Pls. Make me understand. Why have u done that reduction on carbon attached to OMe...

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Sir ek question mai 1-bromo 2-flouro benzene ki rxn Li (Hg) and solvent furan ke sath karai thi Vhan bhi birch reduction hi lagega kya? Pls tell

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In the end where u describe birch redn of aromatic compound in which both the CooH and Ome group present O&P relation to each other ,The radical at Ome position is missing.

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Sir if there is a electron withdrawing group like NO2 on the alkene then will reduction of alkene to alkane take place?