Ok... This is officially the BEST science channel out there. Your videos are very complete with some next-level research; and links for further independent research. The visual aid is either an animation made by you, or an on-topic or image (which is rare for a science channel).Your video topics are very well chosen and very well organized in such a way that they all kind of interconnect. You SOMEHOW manage to make a video each week with little or no video reschedules. AND despite it being the length of a documentary; you make them as entertaining and re-watchable as a Vsauce video. Oh yeah, and you have an unnoticeable "speech impediment" yet you still take the time to add closed captions to enhance our viewing experience.
@trikkinikki9708 жыл бұрын
Seriously, I am so absolutely thrilled I came across this youtube channel. Isaac has been absolutely spoiling us with amazing content.
@AtheistBelgium8 жыл бұрын
i can only imagine how much time it takes to create a topic like these each week. And i completely agree with the 'next-level research'. This goes much further than what most science channels post. My hat off to you sir!
@Dalet_8 жыл бұрын
Sammy197 and the biggest science channels have way more resources than him.
@bashkillszombies7 жыл бұрын
It has incredible potential, but OP needs to address his speech impediment. He's not seeking any treatment, and his speech has not changed since day one. One of the greatest issues with that particular kind of impediment is laziness. It originates because humans are lazy and choose to not improve their elocution as children, so they retain the childish pattern of speech they originally learned. It's behavioural not neurological. So the longer he leaves it, the harder it will be to dismiss; and in the interim we all have to enduwuh having to heawah lawzy speech acwosst the entiwah orf. I would rather endure him not producing ANY KZbin content and spending that time on dealing with his speech impediment first.
@enriqueflores45847 жыл бұрын
who needs that we have closed captions
@LordNethesis8 жыл бұрын
There's been a large hole in youtube where an in-depth channel like this needed to be. I'm glad you filled that hole.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@jonboy97347 жыл бұрын
giggity
@302yongestreet6 жыл бұрын
Will did isaac arthur fill your hole? 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
@papabaer60693 жыл бұрын
Phrasing
@bobinthewest8559 Жыл бұрын
Hey now… This is a family friendly channel 🤨 😂😂😂
@jeova0sanctus0unus7 жыл бұрын
i started watching these as research for that scifi novel i wanted to write, And now, 4 Months have passed, and am still watching, even neglecting said novel... I regret nothing.
@xl0005 жыл бұрын
so any news on the "novel" ?
@durianjaykin35762 жыл бұрын
Same bro, but looking at the amount kf thinking i have to do, om kinda overwhelmeed lol
@kristinehansen.2 жыл бұрын
Did you eventually write that novel?
@dr3a4lyfe8 жыл бұрын
I'm so glad I discovered this channel! I love anything related to space exploration, space colonization, space tourism, etc. **subs and proceeds to binge watch these videos**
@theintertainer93937 жыл бұрын
Easily the best science channel on KZbin. I could have never thought of being this close to understanding the universe without Sir Isaac. Other channels like veritasium and kurgazagt gave some knowledge but either their videos were uploaded late or lacked content. Isaac Sir, you actually filled the gap between TRUE SCIENCE and sort-of science. My greatest gratitude to you for feeding me with your incomparable amount of knowledge!!
@mihailazar24876 жыл бұрын
see also, Cool Hard Logic ... the best way to learn astronomy 100% 3d animations , all the math you'd need made easy tounderstand, while being very very funny , the premise of CHL is not to make educational videos per se, he goes about explaining why conspiracies are wrong, his best series is Testing Geocentrism (most math) , Testing Flattards(best animations) and World of Batshit (funniest) , there's also one on Global Warming, but that one's just too sad each series has 9 episodes and counting it's good content, 10/10, would totally reccomend tip: begin with Geocentrism ... thank me later
@FirstRisingSouI8 жыл бұрын
I've gotten into the habit of hitting "like" as soon as the page loads. Because you never let me down!
@puddles55018 жыл бұрын
this is one of the best channels on youtube. incredible.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
Thanks Mike!
@kregadeth55624 жыл бұрын
It really is
@TheStevedie4 жыл бұрын
@@isaacarthurSFIA I second that!
@ScottPBrown7 жыл бұрын
Isaac ... you really do one of the best jobs of producing information and thoughts into video and absolutely holding my attention captive throughout, of any I've ever seen. I really Really appreciate your courage and your effort. Thank you my friend and God bless.
@isaacarthurSFIA7 жыл бұрын
Thank you Scott!
@tevinstewart7667 жыл бұрын
i don t know if its just late so am feeling all emotional , but i just feel a great love for human kind just all of us just to think that one day we will live among the stars.we will be great
@dantess26938 жыл бұрын
I really enjoy your videos that deal with social topics and futurism, not just tech and heavy science. The human side of things is the most relatable!
@north28037 жыл бұрын
I have been looking for a channel like this for years. Great quality, great insight and right on the edge of today. Healthy food for the mind. This really keeps me going. Glad to see so many like minded people interested in investing in science.
@isaacarthurSFIA7 жыл бұрын
Welcome to the channel Joe
@belmiris13718 жыл бұрын
Great job Isaac! That was by far the most detailed look at early space colonization I've ever seen. I love the colony vehicle graphics. Thank you again for sharing the results of your hard work with us.
@northernsun60038 жыл бұрын
"...and try out some of the other episodes on the channel." But I already watched them all :(
@nexusoflife8 жыл бұрын
Watch them again! I've watched some of his videos several times.
@northernsun60038 жыл бұрын
I already did. :(
@mizzshortie9074 жыл бұрын
Me too
@Netanya-q4b4 жыл бұрын
These comments give me hope for humanity :)
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
Author's Note: The Schedule in the credits got typo'd, eps 2 and 3 come out Dec 8 and 15, Dec 22 is "Fermi Paradox: Stay At Home Civilizations" (working title)
@fnl908 жыл бұрын
Mister Isaac, could you make a video about Production of X in space? I have given it some though, and at least at the level i'm considering it, there seems to be some major challenges compared to production of large scale installations, and even mass production of smaller ones here on Earth.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
There's some risk on something like that of being both boring and inaccurate. A lot of production comes down to nuts and bolts that you don't know till you've done it many times.
@fnl908 жыл бұрын
Isaac Arthur Ahh that is true, i was mainly interested in the problem related to heat management on a production vessel and our current reliance on gravity in our production methods, and how both might change our expectation on manufacturing goods and large scale items in space. Your concerns are valid though :)
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
That's actually my mom's birthday too, Tea Day not the 22nd. In any event, happy early birthday. :)
@freedomloverusa30308 жыл бұрын
Isaac Arthur I love your videos, space colonization is someting I want to see someday(I hope). I think that the first thing is the king of goverment. The best example is the founding fathers of the United States they choose a form of goverment that works and grants the fundamentals rights to the individuals.
@extropiantranshuman4 жыл бұрын
This is seriously one of the most important episodes - and a series at that! - because it's the reality of what's going on, not just the tech.
@uumatter_01065 жыл бұрын
Damn... This series was the first I watched when I found your channel, combined with the Civilizations at the End of Time series they will always have a special place in my heart because Interstellar Travel has always been one of my dreams
@nikolaishriver79223 жыл бұрын
Your voice just has the best way of sending my mind out to space. I love to listen to these laying in bed before I fall asleep. I really appreciate the work you put into these videos
@knightsbailey4 жыл бұрын
This channel has given me some solid science to work on a novel I started years ago. I got bogged down trying to put concepts in place but you've sparked some really nice plot ideas with all of your videos.
@chrisschembari24865 жыл бұрын
29:30 law courts can be like circuit courts were historically. A judge and his court personnel would travel from town to town on their circuit to hear cases. In this case, flying from colony to colony, or hearing cases via telepresence from the local bigger colony. Edit: I see that you touched on telepresence a bit later. What I get for pausing mid video to comment!
@shockwave91008 жыл бұрын
and another great video, you have definitely landed on my top 3 youtube channels, it goes Vsauce, Isaac Arthur, then Cody's lab. Cant wait for the next video to come out. Currently Thursday is my favorite day because a new science video comes out.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
:) Thanks!
@wmjessemiller8 жыл бұрын
the longer the better!
@AtheistBelgium8 жыл бұрын
Huray! Thursday at last!
@isaacshultz81288 жыл бұрын
darn, I was hoping there were others I hadn't heard of :(
@1invag7 жыл бұрын
Isaac Shultz try styropyro it's well yeah if you into sci fi or science generally you won't fail to think, whatever else you think... "ok damn this is pretty cool"... abit stupid and dangerous possibly but still cool! haha
@fs58668 жыл бұрын
Wow the videos on this channel are professionally made and narrated and it just became my favourite one on space science topics
@coversmcsweeney60598 жыл бұрын
Again goes without saying you have the most amazing intellectual insight on your videos I'm like a big child when I get notification on your new videos to you-tube I think I could be up there as one of your biggest fans. isaac you here insane amount of intelligence. its amazing stuff your doing with your videos also if I you don't mind me saying I know you mention of all of your videos about closed captions I think it's quirky they way you sound I for one completely understand everything you say. also I think your accent and so called speech impediment only adds to an awesome effect on your videos hands down your one of the most intelligent persons I know when it comes to your extensive knowledge on physics and astronomy and all things space. I truly mean this I always look forward to your new content and video on you-tube I'm glad you done dark matter and dark every I requested you done a video of that of late and it's been my favourite to date. goes without saying keep up the Amazing work#legend
@rebelbeammasterx84728 жыл бұрын
You always make great quality videos in a short time span, congrats.
@coffeefish8 жыл бұрын
Closed captions are not necessary.
@joshuatraffanstedt26955 жыл бұрын
I'm thinking of writing a science fiction novel about a colony in space.. or maybe a series. The first book could be about the journey and why they're leaving. A series could follow several generations. Mr. Arthur your channel is a must for fans of science, astronomy and cosmology in particular! Thank you for your work, sir.
@spuduk78chips538 жыл бұрын
Issac thank you for expanding my very limited knowledge on topics I find most interesting and I really appreciate all the hard work you must put into your videos. Got your self a live long fan in me
@hiepdoshin78462 жыл бұрын
That under the sun quote was the best opportunity for a joke like, "but when we are no longer under the sun..."
@aporiac19608 жыл бұрын
The human brain is a wonderful thing. I've watched a few of your videos over a period of several weeks and now I find I no longer need to use subtitles in case I miss something. It's absolutely fucking amazing that what was often implacably and maddeningly indecipherable is now as clear as a bell, and the transformation had nothing whatsoever to do with any effort on my part. It is a great thing to credit human effort, but there are occasion when we should give a nod to nature for the amazing faculties she provides to us for free.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
:) My friends always claim they don't even notice it in anymore, though weirdly I have problems understanding myself when rewatching the older videos
@sssppp42488 жыл бұрын
I love this channel so much.
@silberlinie7 жыл бұрын
Absolutely superb videos. Best pictures and animations. And the courage to think far away. However, you also have the old saying: It always comes unlike you might think.
@logsupermulti39218 жыл бұрын
Where did the various animations of a mars colony with the overlays come from?
@colinp22387 жыл бұрын
Wow! I thought that I may take in 3 of these videos but after watching this I realise that I need to space them and let the information soak in, maybe reviewing this video before attempting to move on. There is so much info here I couldn't absorb it all in one go even that I stopped and rerun some sections. I never realised that anyone had thought this through in such great depth my gast is flabbered.
@J9_j38 жыл бұрын
i liked the closing music theme.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
"Into the Storm"? Yeah its sorted of mutated into my credit roll song.
@alexandercarvunaris8468 жыл бұрын
i have listened to hours of your stuff these are great.
@RavenclawSeer7 жыл бұрын
You have better content than Science Channel on TV! Thanks!
@iliyanz_8 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the effort that you put in every video Isaac
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
Thanks for watching Iliyan!
@HansPeter-qg2vc8 жыл бұрын
Thanks for switching to the metric system! :)
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
A one time thing :) I actually strongly disapprove of a metric-only approach, it encourages bad habits in scientists and engineers.
@HansPeter-qg2vc8 жыл бұрын
Isaac Arthur For example?
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
Addicting people to base 10 would probably be the big one, also people work slower in decimal then in fractional approaches, 2/5 compared to .4. It also tends to generate a bit of 'standardization obsession', people start wanting metric time and such. Overall metric is much easier to do science and engineering calculations in but I don't like exclusive use of it, and I also don't like using it for scale when half my audience isn't intuitively comfortable with it.
@HansPeter-qg2vc8 жыл бұрын
Isaac Arthur Okay, thanks. I still disagree, though. I don't like base 10 but using a common base (yes, this includes time) has proved to be very useful as you can cancel out orders of magnitudes on both sides of a fraction bar very easily. I don't see how desiring standardization is bad, either. Is really half your audience from the US?
@HansPeter-qg2vc8 жыл бұрын
Kavetrol Don't you dare argue against base 1760 (ratio between mile and yard)! It's so much more useful than base 10! Btw.: I'm all for base 16 but everyone switching to base 10 is probably more realistic than base 16 even finding broad acceptance.
@argento19508 жыл бұрын
I rarely comment anything, but I have to say that I love your videos, and please keep the good work, especially the longer ones....cheers
@poganka458 жыл бұрын
to me, its one of the best channels on youtube ever i really appreciate your work, big thanks to you
@atreides2137 жыл бұрын
Instant subscribe. Where has this channel been all my life?
@isaacarthurSFIA7 жыл бұрын
Welcome on board!
@c.arthuraiken19368 жыл бұрын
Love your videos, Isaac. Insightful. Intelligent. Well thought out. Wish there were more like you on KZbin. We need you. So looking forward to your future videos.
@callanhutchison18718 жыл бұрын
This is the best futurism and aliens channel I know of on KZbin and I watch ALOT of smart KZbin
@YoSomePerson8 жыл бұрын
I didn't watch the entire video yet but I just noticed that you put a relevant background clip for everything you said. Not just some still relevant image for as far as I have seen but you found actual clips for it. That amount of work... Holy Shit. My respect! I might add another comment on the subject matter later.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
Whenever I can I try to add something relevant, sometimes there isn't any and I need to make one, and sometimes there isn't time to do so, but these days I usually can.
@scrapsteenlifeintheforks19433 жыл бұрын
Aecond time starting this series, I love it, his stories are great for semi lucid dreams.
@strawmanfallacy83418 жыл бұрын
Will definitely be watching soon.
@yodaco8 жыл бұрын
ahh, I love to hear Isaac say the words, "part 1 of" roll on December 8th!
@FerroNeoBoron7 жыл бұрын
8:30 that gives a new spin on the phrase "I just work here".
@erichart20728 жыл бұрын
I particularly enjoyed this one, Isaac. Great job!
@michaelsord64755 жыл бұрын
Love the vids especially the ones you collaborated with Jean Michael Godier. Good job!
@10000words18 жыл бұрын
As per usual Isaac, fascinating topic and excellent production!
@rerun32837 жыл бұрын
These 3 are my favorite of all your videos
@nicholibaldron81718 жыл бұрын
Thank you for making awesome videos! Every week i find your videos uplifting, and they fill me with a sense of hopefulness that one day we'll achieve greatness as a species. With the way you break it down on how we can do so much with our current technology, it makes me feel like that brighter future is over the horizon.
@EricHunting8 жыл бұрын
Great video on a topic that doesn't get enough thoughtful, detailed, consideration despite all the hype about colonization these days.
@Mozarks0078 жыл бұрын
Great Stuff.. I like the Issac Arthur style .. informative, entertaining and above all well written. Great head trip, I enjoy the insights given by Issac as he explores and presents his various subjects, rarely leaving any stone unturned. You can almost see the gears whirling in his head as he plows through his topics like a well oiled machine! I really like the human aspect of the colony videos, it keeps the subject matter relevant and makes things fun and easy to relate to. I'd like to see more videos that emphasize the human side of the equation, gives it a more balanced feel. I would like to see the psycho-social side explored more... such as in "Space Madness" on the Ren & Stimpy Show! .. lol! Mental Health in Outer Space!
@WillayG8 жыл бұрын
I don't know about other people but I rejoice when I see an Isaac Arthur video that's almost 40 minutes long. I know most youtubers aim for brevity but these videos are the exception to the rule. He should compile all of his ideas into a book and record it yourself. Then sell it on audible.com. I'd buy it even if it was stuff I'd already heard. Anyway, these are awesome. Keep up the good work.
@RavenousRobyn8 жыл бұрын
Mushroom colonies... I like it.
@caelvanir85578 жыл бұрын
RavenousRoss The Blorg approve.
@Strettger8 жыл бұрын
F...friend? ..
@rebelbeammasterx84728 жыл бұрын
The Toads approve.
@PanzyTheOne5 жыл бұрын
What a brilliant episode, loved it still loving it this is the fourth time I've watched this.
@johnrivers59346 жыл бұрын
Hey, is there some way you could use spin gravity to cancel out gravity rather than create it?
@cedriceric97303 жыл бұрын
Yes there is , amusement parks amuse using this method all the time .
@cedriceric97303 жыл бұрын
Yes there is , amusement parks amuse using this method all the time .
@DFMurray7 жыл бұрын
Crazy awesome channel. Been binge watching since I discovered it! Love it all, very thought provoking.
@obobongo70208 жыл бұрын
Finally your new video is out! Thank you!
@robertweidner24808 жыл бұрын
A science fiction story with a bunch of Orthodox Amish setting up a farming space habitat in the darkness of the outer solar system using large mirrors to collect sunlight would be interesting!
@antifusion7 жыл бұрын
Can't... stop... rewatching! :D
@zenderzagato81748 жыл бұрын
3K views, 448 likes, & 0 dislikes. Wow.
@DrunkenUFOPilot7 жыл бұрын
March 2017: it's 14 now. Fourteen people, or web bots maybe, who are totally insane.
@jasonmey52357 жыл бұрын
Zender Zagato August 2017: 34 people disliked this. My hypothesis? Issac said that the colonies should be allowed to pick their own form of government and they are the kind of people convinced that only their version of a Utopian government is the right one...
@SeaDemon255 жыл бұрын
Hello from the future. 2019 with 80 something dislikes :) i jist found this channel. Its the best thing i found ever
@fletcherluders4157 жыл бұрын
Great video and a fantastic insight into out possible space-faring future. On a side note, love how you included Ceres (Station) and mentioned it was located in 'The Belt'... subtle tilt of the hat to The Expanse there. In fact, I'd go so far as to say this entire video was, in part, influenced by the colony lifestyles depicted in the awesome aforementioned SyFy TV series. Please correct me if I'm wrong though :)
@jacobyocom95988 жыл бұрын
Fantastic again. I never lose interest
@LordBitememan8 жыл бұрын
Interesting. Before listening to your videos on the matter I never considered the possibilities we had with colonizing smaller objects in our solar system.
@brandonhutchins72357 жыл бұрын
This is a very unique channel. Thank you for your content.
@LuamCortez8 жыл бұрын
Wow, great content in your videos, greetings from Brazil :)
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
Thanks Luam!
@caelvanir85578 жыл бұрын
Nice! This is going to be a good series.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
I think so, it took me a long time to settle on a script and I actually ended up redoing ep 2 this morning and recording it, but I like how it is going so far.
@GlasgowGallus4 жыл бұрын
Thoughtful, intelligent and informative video mate, just what KZbin needs...thank you. Subscribed and looking forward to watching your back catalogue. And as for your concerns over speech? It's honestly not an issue, a pleasure to listen you...and I would know, I'm Scottish😂...best always pal 🏴👍
@barriewright28577 жыл бұрын
beautiful, more please will be watching the other 2 episodes.
@doorknob25257 жыл бұрын
your videos are best enjoyed right before bed time, they ensure that you have nice dreams.
@alexgoldsmith85988 жыл бұрын
Single asteroid homes? Did british gas predict the future?
@bobthebomb15967 жыл бұрын
So, THAT's where Sid went?
@InquisitorMatthewAshcraft6 жыл бұрын
Sid, or Waldo?
@j.jasonwentworth7235 жыл бұрын
Single-asteroid homes are reminiscent of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's story "The Little Prince"; in his charming tale, the boy lived in a well-appointed home, on an asteroid that was scarcely larger than it.
@palfers18 жыл бұрын
Perchance To Dream. Great episode and thanks!
@gammaechofoundationproductions7 жыл бұрын
Fascinating! Another favorite topic of mine! I look forward to the next two installments! :)
@ladwigs3 жыл бұрын
Asteroids, could start out, as a mining & refining population, then be converted into something else
@Matracokura8 жыл бұрын
Oh c'mon! I wanted to go to bed. You just had to upload a new video... well guess i will blame the forklift accidents at my workplace on you.. Keep them coming man! Great content as always. I seriously can't remember the last time i was so glad i subscribed to a channel.
@isaacarthurSFIA8 жыл бұрын
:) The video will still be there tomorrow
@alexv33578 жыл бұрын
The giant salt mountain was a nice touch
@lilsammich82524 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your thought provoking insight.
@denizx46907 жыл бұрын
Isaac Arthur,your awesome. keep up the good work.
@isaacarthurSFIA7 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@DianaBell_MG4 жыл бұрын
11:22 "Almost every celestial object you probably know the name of is category 4 or 5" Sir, you underestimate just how big of a nerd I am and how many small moons I can name.
@peterknowles238 жыл бұрын
As always outstanding excellence!
@eviltigerlily5 жыл бұрын
How would a colony founded by and for cats function? I am only asking since, judging by my cat's rapt attention to this video, he is seriously considering starting one.
@jonnyassmuncher54148 жыл бұрын
Thanks for making these videos.
@JWMCMLXXX7 жыл бұрын
Every once in a great while, you can defy KZbin's algorithm and actually stumble onto something really awesome. That happened this week Thanks for posting.
@isaacarthurSFIA7 жыл бұрын
You're very welcome, I'm glad you found us :)
@donovan41057 жыл бұрын
This was,.... phenomenal 🙌🏾
@Auxf58 жыл бұрын
502 Thumbs Up. 0 Thumbs Down. Good work, Isaac!
@Zaimengzhongde8 жыл бұрын
wow this was so cool. Loved this talk.
@ronschlorff70896 жыл бұрын
I stumbled onto this site/channel by accident, so glad I did. I was looking/searching for space craft images/ideas/concepts for scratch-building scale models and/or dioramas. Asking Isaac if it's ok to use some of images as "plans" for making models. An example would be those nifty rovers on the Mars colony. It's not a commercial or "job-related" venture by the way; only for my own "non-professional" interests and maybe to enter into IPMS model-making competitions. Awesome content here, it's like canteens of water to a man thirsting in the desert (that would be most of cable/dish tv's offering). Thanks.
@suryavamsi80584 жыл бұрын
Wow thank you sir 👌👌👌👌
@82spiders6 жыл бұрын
PBS Space Time is good. So is Stuart Gary. The Perimeter Institute Lectures are outstanding. But Arthur has the best graphics by far. What speech impediment? I have no problem understanding him. The audio and video quality is excellent..
@DamienZshadow7 жыл бұрын
I understand that the concept of witch governments space colonies would end up using is very subjective but I think we could still discuss possible new kinds of governments that would be particularly affected by the conditions presented in space colonies. I would love to see a return on this subject.
@rhuiah3 жыл бұрын
Great episode.
@flukeseawalker7 жыл бұрын
Great Sci-Fi documentary video.
@seankelly1291 Жыл бұрын
I see sky’s of black, and sky’s of blue. If I’m optimistic I see sky’s full of you. Humans are amazing, and they need to be worthy of galactic colonizing. We need to get the positive ideas of space colonizing to feel deferent from old world colonizing. It needs a future driven idealogical theme. Money must not be the goal. Why do I feel like a minority in this?
@benwilson58933 жыл бұрын
I wreally enjoy your videos!
@nickmoore63818 жыл бұрын
You should totally do a video on Resource Based Economies, (or RBEs). You can find more information from the Venus Project on the interwebs!
@samuelculpepper44903 жыл бұрын
I've always wondered where the emphasis on the educational curriculum would be and how much history would be doctored in the interest of mission success.
@michaelspence25088 жыл бұрын
In the episode about self-replicating machines you talked about how they might proliferate throughout the solar system. Do you think that interactions between human colonies and space-based machine life will be a significant part of life in space?