Mass Spectrometry

009 - Mass Spectrometry
In this video Paul Andersen explains how a spectrometer was used to identify the presence of isotopes. This modified Dalton's original atomic theory because atoms of the same element had different masses. The functional parts of a mass spectrometer are detailed including the ionizer, mass analyzer and the detector. A simulation of Chlorine isotopes along with an average atomic mass calculation is included.
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.ba...
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
"File:John Dalton by Charles Turner.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed August 2, 2013. en.wikipedia.or....
"File:Myoglobin.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed August 5, 2013. en.wikipedia.o....
"File:Peptide-Figure-Revised.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed August 5, 2013. en.wikipedia.o....
File:WidmoMS.gif, n.d. commons.wikimed....

[@bullsquid42]

Wow, you've taken something that I assume is incredibly complex, explained it in 8 minutes and I actually understood it. And I sucked at chemistry.

[@gnuPirate]

+bullsquid42 Don't forget to find a way to test your knowledge and check your understanding, even if you don't like school.

[@bashkillszombies]

Science isn't hard. It, like math, depends on the educator. Most educators suck. Especially people who call themselves 'science communicators' (see: twenty something 'camera ready' girls who are barely undergrad's on buzzfeed like channels who wear t-shirts that read 'i fucking love science' or something along those lines. They're as negligent as the old uppity teacher who thought the class was hopeless and didn't try, because unlike them they assume the entire class is mentally retarded and needs babyspeak.) People like this guy just explain shit the way it is, and if things are explained in a straight forward way there's no reason to not understand them!

[@mustafamalik4211]

He is what we call an actual teacher.

[@blairdent8393]

fr! my chem class online never explained this

[@aakritiramayani5331]

You are such a thorough teacher and what you do for thousands or even millions of students is absolutely amazing. Thank you for all your efforts!

[@sheikhumar7424]

Aakriti Ramayani 'Yeah you are right.'

[@TheJoshtheboss]

Bozeman Science and KhanAcademy are pure blessing. Thank you guys!

[@user-xh3nb6gi7o]

wow man you deserve to call you a doctor in your field ! a real person who understand the whole concept and explained it very simple you're not a teacher you're from my point of view a learner

[@scientistwhosnameisfatima4941]

Oh thx i am 13 yrs old and i decided to learn about mass spectrometry and it really helps me. Thanks again

[@tmujir955]

The analogy with the car/motorcycle making a turn was brilliant. Thank you!

[@betsydewey357]

Thank you so much! This was wonderful. I'm writing a paper on identifying biomarkers for pancreatic cancer and specifically researching apolipoprotein A. Thanks so much for going step by step for me to better understand the MS process!

[@khalidbhat9932]

is this a type of biosensor?

[@andrewryan7538]

Thanks, I use this video in my lecture on atomic mass. I like that you showed the calibration of the machine, the whole process makes more sense when you see what can go wrong with analyzing a sample.

[@nwakolpo]

I wish I had that kind of teacher in university :) Simple and interesting explanation of method sometimes difficult to understand .

[@yansirreaviles5036]

Thank you so much Mr. Andersen!! You are seriously the best. I needed to understand this for my MCAT review and just could not wrap my head around my Kaplan book or AAMC explanations. However, your explanation finally made sense to me. Thank you again, from the bottom of my heart.

[@dirackfield]

Easily the best intoduction to the topic on youtube

[@scottyinspiar918]

I can't believe this doesn't cost money! THANKYOU!!!

[@taylorkayleighhovancik9756]

Can he be my chemistry teacher please?

[@zetasky]

Every other video totally confused me with its complexity, but this one totally cleared it all up! Thank you!

[@yvngac3346]

GOAT Science youtuber along with crash course

[@Guidus125]

what a superb explanation this was, some of these videos are a work of art from an educational standpoint

[@TheEpicGod111]

Undeniably the greatest of all time Mr. A.

[@michaelasvarcova7667]

Really helpful. If you could add more types of ionization that would be absolutely perfect. :) Thanks to your lectures I have made 3 subjects (two semesters of biochemistry and one semester of molecular biology) :)

[@abhinavporwal1476]

U r a superb teacher........ Doing a great job sir

[@cavalcantegb]

Sir., you saved me time with this incredible explanation! Thank you

[@mariansyk]

Thanks

[@tux1468]

Gordon doesn't need to hear all this, he's a highly trained professional.

[@Friends_72]

You are a god sent. Thank you very much for helping us out. You do really have a great talent in teaching and presenting. So thank you for not keeping it to yourself.

[@shalusingh207]

I would also like to know how to read a mass spectrum and how to identify various peaks.

[@lukapearson6333]

Great video! I've been going through the series to prepare for a chem test tomorrow, I really like how you explain stuff! Though, for Dalton's theory, wouldn't there also be differences in the size of elements due to differences in ionic radii?

[@galenseilis5971]

I would like more detail about the data analysis for the determination of concentrations of components of a mixture that are exiting a chromatograph. Further discussion on different types of ionization, types of mass analyzers, and finally types of detectors would also interest me.

[@StevenMP1993]

Explained thoroughly. Thank you!

[@aofddofa6661]

Thank you for all your efforts!

[@alexatall5405]

Great teacher! Clear, precise and I am SO grateful!

[@BJandtheBearCustoms]

That was great. Is there a more in depth video in regards to more complex molecules and reading that data. Such as the last chart shown?

[@teddystewart9755]

Best video on mass spectrometry i've found. Thanks so much!

[@mahamshahid1801]

I couldn't find this explanation in my book so thought Mr Anderson there... who needs the book.. easily explained

[@blakebullwinkel]

Is it only the strength of the electromagnet that is varied to calibrate the device, or can the strength of the electric field also be varied?

[@kellyanderson7624]

I actually understood what you said AND how to get the atomic weight, every other time I felt like I was reading Arabic. LOL. Now I understand it. THANK YOU!!

[@jimlimbarno411]

Cheers boss man, couldn’t have done it with out you 🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼

[@ilikebands6666]

Thank you so much for this great video! You're great at teaching and I love the fluency in the video and how you explain things. Thanks once again x

[@paonikos13]

Eleni An excellent,brief explanation in mass spectometry!

[@mudfossiluniversity]

Outstanding presentation thank you.

[@PackLIama]

Great video! Greatly improved my geochronology presentation :)

[@danielamoreno1718]

thank you so much for your help! Great explanation, everything make sense now

[@fatimaboura2020]

This is so HELPFUL thank you very much !!

[@georgesunnyvarkey3425]

Thank you so much sir you have really helped me to sustain my job 😘

[@ayres3909]

Thank you ( from Brasil)

[@tharagankumar647]

Such a simple and understandable explanations ! Thank you !!! :)

[@BlazingAngel1]

This was perfect! Thank you so much!!

[@karolfs94]

I liked this video. Thanks for helping us understand a little better about this.

[@emilyhernandez-avila9081]

Incredibly helpful! Thank you.

[@aba1usa]

He makes it very simple. That is good. I guess it is intended to school kids. But what is said should be technically correct. A total vacuum cannot be achieved with the pumps we have. In any case, we don’t need a total vacuum. As he said there are three parts in mass spectrometer (agreed) But ionizer need not be in a vacuum always. In most modern instruments the ionization is done at atmospheric pressure. We not “hit” gaseous samples with electrons. Electron beam is produced from a thermally heated filament not a cathode ray tube (which is a discharge tube). Detector. The first hit is an ion, not an electron. Moreover, an electron multiplier as described cannot be used detect ions hitting the detector at different locations. He is not making a clear distinction between tuning and calibration. Getting the ion to the detector is “tuning” not “calibration.” For calibration we have to introduce a compound (a calibrant) with known masses of the ions it generates. He still uses amu scale, which based on oxygen (IUPAC recommended the use of 12C scale in 1961). The x axis is labeled as atomic weight. It should be m/z. The spectrum he shows is not spectrum of myoglobin. Mass of myoglobin is about 17,000 u. He shows a peak and says it has more of that amino acid. The spectrum he shows is taken from an enzyme digest of myoglobin. The peaks shown are for peptides and not for amino acids.

[@rohanschannel5955]

If you know so much already then why are you here?

[@Blusharks]

Thanks for what you had shared, learnt a lot! ;)

[@reshanMnM]

Shouldn't the x-axis be m/e? Just asking, not too sure myself...

[@aba1usa]

Science should be a process that we keep on correcting ourselves.

[@ilikebands6666]

Athula Attygalle thank you so much for this!!! :)

[@hafizabubakar9325]

this video learn me a lot.

[@michellemarie7029]

Thank you:) Best teacher I found for this.

[@alyssamckay7809]

Thank you so much from 2016

[@TheNeoModd]

this explanation was awesome. thank you for sharing!!

[@tannerlynn152]

Awesome and simple explanation. Thank you for making this.

[@calais321]

cheers for the upload, always helpful

[@alexanderaugier1976]

Simply put. Very helpful thanks

[@waderemington817]

Very clear & concise. Thank you!

[@adhikery2]

Great and very clearing concept....... i see ever......... thanks

[@Lil.mons19]

THANK U SOO MUCH SIR.... THAT WAS SOO HELPFUL

[@toxicated3465]

Thanks Boz❤

[@yodaydyxz1752]

Thank you so much for the brief explanation! Helps for sure.

[@michaelpappas3857]

excellent explanation!

[@Ifstarsaligned]

bless you, i have finally understood how this thing works :'))

[@stanleywhitehughes]

Thanks, helping me get ready for a-chem test

[@pallavi_chandaka9480]

Thank you very much.... !✨

[@swaggat771]

amazing video! how do we get in touch with suggestions and thoughts?

[@Bozemanscience1]

You can always contact me through my website. www.bozemanscience.com

[@gnuPirate]

+Bozeman Science I have a suggestion. Don't listen to suggestions and keep making amazing videos, or whatever you like. You know the stuff, and you are doing a great job ! (: Thanks !

[@kali6832]

Yes, that was very Helpful. Thank you for making these videos!

[@ale15stip]

This was super usefull, and i thank you mister!!! I just have 1 question, you said after the magnet curve there is a detector with electron multiplier, but we are only sending Ions down the curve... so does the multiplier, multiply Ions too in order to read/show the peaks?

[@marietheresefernandez4636]

Helpen me a lot! Thanks

[@kataroxluvz2rok]

Absolutely fantastic! lets hope this helps me pass my exam

[@rustyjeanz]

Very nice. God Bless you for your teaching. I got a question.So how the abundance was calculated? It has to be in the formula. So what is the way to calculating that. Thanks

[@yosimba2000]

+rustyjeanz Abundance is just the fraction of that specific isotope from all atoms of that element. So say you have 10 atoms of Chlorine. Of these 10 Chlorine atoms, 7 of them have atomic weight of 35, and 3 of them have atomic weight of 37. So the abundance of Chlorine 35 is just # of Chlorine 35/ All Chlorine, which is 7/10 = 0.7, which is your abundance. For Chlorine 37, the abundance is 3/10 = 0.3 Notice the abundance is essentially just the chance of getting that type of atom. You have 0.7, or 70% chance to get Chlorine 35, and 0.3 or 30%, to get Chlorine 37. Percent chance * Weight + Percent chance * Weight is what is called the Expected Value in statistics, which gives the average value of a Chlorine atom.

[@albulenavula536]

fantastic truly helped me with my homework!!!!

[@jhonyjosuecruzpelaez2227]

Thank you so much...greetings from Oaxaca, México.

[@SinsiAlpha]

0:28 John Dalton is Paul Anderson?

[@XxBL4kC47Xx]

paul andersen is my boi - dude burn so many trees he got splinters in his toaster

[@geethmisandhali3866]

yes,it's really helpful for me in studies.Thank you very much.

[@fatimakhalid6010]

When the positive ions are attracted toward the negative grid or the negative plate why don’t they get stuck there ??!!

[@elisakarapetyan3700]

Dear Mrs Anderson, would you explain (detailed..:)) how you analyze the single amino acid in the peptide?

[@fatimaosman8584]

Very helpful !! thank you very much

[@dhyanpatel1469]

Super helpful Thank you!

[@alial-dujaili8633]

thank you so much extremely helpful appreciate your efforts

[@radkasarastrnadlova6060]

thank you, I appreciate, your biology and chemistry videos a LOT...

[@danielagaio8090]

I love you! This is clear!!!! Finally!

[@Zxz1998]

Thank you so much Sir! This is so helpful

[@danielfcoronado49]

200 plus centuries??

[@NariSoundarrajan]

spil of the tognue

[@ale15stip]

Really man? Really?

[@sharangc6600]

😂😂I came here to comment that

[@nanuaggarwal4231]

Thank you so much sir.This is really helpful

[@kaminosystem]

This video is brilliant - thank you!

[@rayrantz1325]

took ap bio and now i'm onto chem. you can never escape from the man of boze

[@RainHavok1111]

What about when you're trying to identify let's say, 5 different medicines in 1 sample? How do u separate them & identify each 1 separately (plus amount taken) & how often do false positives appear? Especially when multiple meds are involved in 1 sample? Please I need help with this.

[@alishanshool9670]

Amazing ! May I know what problems faced when mass spectroscopy is used with HPLC system ?

[@godlymanners1258]

I hope this information will help in my portfolio. Cuatro palos

[@brianmcguinness9642]

How do you know how many electrons are lost from each atom in the ionizer? Is this always the same for a given isotope or is there some random element, say the number of electrons that happen to collide with a given atom? I would think that if, say, some chlorine 35 atoms lost one electron and some lost two, then chlorine 35 could give you two peaks rather than one, complicating matters.

[@meryemilillou881]

thx men you made my day .

[@TheTruebeauty16]

Very helpful. Thank you!

[@Mike-jg9fp]

This video is awesome!, thanks for sharing.

[@colepalmquist8572]

love this

[@e04ru]

It helps a lot !

[@shanisespencer207]

Always helpful .

[@jameliaancel30]

Very very helpful

[@gasperkosmac7672]

Great explanation..thanx man

[@miamiry8737]

Your videos are super helpful, thank you!