Never Buy Garden Seed Again Seed Saving Secrets with 100 Year Old Bean Seed

[@MelissaKNorris]

Have you done seed saving before? Are you doing it this year?

[@amandaforeman703]

Yup! I always save my seeds ! I’m saving my rattlesnake pole beans this year!

[@melissarose6447]

Yard long beans

[@kittyruth3031]

This is my first year to do any of this at this scale! I'm loving it all. How could I buy/trade some of your 100 year old bean seeds? At this point I have saved seeds for many things. My husband says "how many seeds DO YOU NEED?!"

[@scrapshackfarms1349]

Yes, 4yrs 3 more yrs they become heirloom. Save seeds off 1st harvest before we eat anything.

[@Maranatha_Homestead]

This is my first year seed saving. I harvested my San Marzano when red on the vine, kept it in the house for a couple of days before saving seeds, but the tomato was still firm and meaty. Should I have waited until it started to get soft? I’m currently fermenting the seeds and there are quite a few floating.

[@ericeverson5956]

I'm going to have my grandkids watch this for their homeschooling. Thanks much. Really well done and interesting.

[@PAFloridian]

Excellent idea. Are they receptive to this subject? Reason I ask is because I have a 13 year old grandson and I can't imagine him sitting down to watch it.

[@ericeverson5956]

@@PAFloridian Can't hurt, better than Netflix:)

[@abigailbelford883]

@@PAFloridian Idea: You and your grandson get together and build a perfectly imperfect garden spot....a bed, some pots, etc. Let him pick what is put in it. Have a conversation on responsibility and accountability. Help him understand the value. Let him experience the failures and successes. Teach him as you go the joy, anticipation, disappointment, etc. He will begin to ask questions. Go to others, wiser than yourself, and seek out the answers together with your grandson. When he can build, plant, grow, enjoy, and plan... he will become connected to what sits in front of him on the table. You won't have to stress over his desire to watch a video on seed saving. .. It will become the natural next step. And then talk about the seeds, and the beauty of them. Just food for thought!

[@sheriharvey2778]

@@PAFloridian my 14 year old son (grew up in the city with no gardens) is so intrigued with these types of videos! We moved to our little 2 acre farm 2 years ago and he can't wait to get out and plant the food that he will be eating! Never underestimate your kids and grandkids when it comes to gardens :) they see the world through a different perspective that we do :)

[@organicgardenmamavictoriab2768]

Aww I'm homeschooling too

[@Oktopia]

I have seed saved Calendula for 8 years. So 8 years without buying any Calendula seeds. I feel kinda proud about that. The result weirdly is more filled flowers, bigger flowers and they seem to grow for longer into the fall.

[@wildboundwebsite]

Sounds like the seeds are adapting to your specific environment.

[@Oktopia]

@@wildboundwebsite I genuinely hope so! I was mistaken by the number of years though. It has actually been over 13 years since I bought seeds from Calendula. Surreal! :D

[@abigailbelford883]

You, my dear, are the perfect example of how the older generation can learn from the younger. You're a wise youngin'. Some older...fine wine...person Taught you well Don't you ever take that for granted. Carry on dear. It's needed Wanted And appreciated!

[@spoolsandbobbins]

Amen!

[@JenniferMoleski]

I traveled to India for months in my mid 20's and there was a woman there who bought a property on the beach in Goa--she ran a little "resort." She was super hippy-dippy, white hair, white robe, beautiful, glowing. She told me once, "save your seeds, child. Save your seeds." I've thought about it all the time in the past 20 years. I've always known she was right, but this is the year I take heed. My husband's just bought us a homestead and we're moving in a month. I've never been more excited about anything. (Except for traveling Asia so many years ago.)

[@Eidann63]

You're so fortunate to afford a homestead. Land has become more and more expensive in the past few years; wish we had started years back. Does your homestead have an existing house or have you had to build on it? I wish you the best in your homesteading journey.. very exciting!! 💃🙋🍁🥞🤗

[@NMWriterofWords]

I appreciate what you’re saying but I’ve been saving seeds now for over 40 years and sometimes I buy something from the store and I like it and I save those seeds and it turns out just fine the next year so please don’t discourage people from saving the seeds from food they might buy at the store that is not heirloom.

[@francinel8154]

True. I sometimes hear that if you ''accidently'' create an hybrid, it's finish, it will become ''steril'' and you'll get something that you would not like. But not all the time, sometimes in the contrary, you can have pleasant surprises through the years and get interesting fruits. Well, in nature, all the plants and trees we are looking at are hybrids (it takes time dough). What do you think?

[@lloydfreeman1203]

With high humidity and heat where I live, how do I save seed for many years to stay viable?

[@lucylu530]

I agree. I've had good results with the seeds of peppers and melons from the store.

[@Lavender_Ave]

Yup, I am having 10 kabocha squash this summer from the fruit I got at the Asian store last year.

[@eulogossusan]

Isn't it true that if you save from the first plants that bolt, eventually you will have a variety which bolts early, which is undesirable?

[@tipofthemitt1092]

Your so informative a 100 year bean seed your ancestors would be very proud especially in todays world great job Melissa

[@exxology1]

You have a nice professor vibe.. very thorough, knowledgeable & excited about the subject!

[@scottheld4837]

Lovely. ❤❤❤

[@ecocentrichomestead6783]

Bolted radishes also gives you an excess of seeds to grow radish sprouts.

[@carybradley3968]

Thanks for the terrific reminder!

[@DENNISPS78]

I’ve been saving seeds for many years. It’s a great family tradition. Your video is one of the most comprehensive yet understandable presentations of the subject I’ve seen. Hopefully it will inspire many more people to begin seed saving

[@beebob1279]

Dad saved his tomato and that's it. I'm trying to learn how to do it .

[@scrapshackfarms1349]

Been saving seeds, keep saving we wont be able to buy them soon

[@biffjohnson7107]

I just bought a whole bunch of varieties of seeds to plant coming up this spring, but I bought probably 4x the number of seeds I’ll actually plant. I only have 2 4x12’ beds, but I might build more soon.

[@Paulo-py4mm]

Why would you not be able to buy them?

[@Got_Goals]

@@Paulo-py4mm Monsanto verse Texas corn farmer that was saving his own seeds = he lost. Granted he was saving his own seeds, you should always be able to buy GMO seeds, so they have repeat customers.

[@frozenlake9140]

A dollar store electric toothbrush is fantastic for shaking tomato blossoms. (It's rubbish for brushing teeth) Fantastic videos, thank you for all the hard work and information.

[@hargrovegeneralgoods]

We smash planted our pumpkins last summer. Tons of seeds germinated but we thinned down to two plants. One of the plants was normal pumpkin and the other we think was a cross between yellow squash and and pumpkin. We called them squashkin. It was super prolific

[@laprepper3533]

As a novice gardener, 4 yrs and learning - thank you for your patient instruction. Very nice, you are providing a necessary service to us former city dwellers.

[@laurarisdallminnesotateach4914]

This is me, too. Novice, former city girl! Haha.

[@blackbart99]

I see why she has an Academy...she know's her green life well.

[@JS-jl1yj]

I wish that I'd have seen your video a year ago. I saved my zucchini seeds from a huge and yellow matured zucchini, but this spring the seeds did not germinate at all. the seeds were from a zucchini plant that I bought from a garden centre last year. On the other hand, the English cucumber seeds that I have been saving from purchased plants for a few years now, have germinated very nicely. I have great results with my saved seeds of purple heirloom cherry tomatoes and 3 kinds of lettuces. I have also saved seeds from tall variety of snap dragon and I already have the plants transplanted in the ground. It makes me very happy when the seed saving works out.

[@catherinegrace2366]

Dang! Those are some green beans. I’m glad I’m not a jealous person! 👏🏼

[@skylovecraft2491]

Green bush beans most likely. They grow massive...like 1.8 metres i believe

[@Mirkwoodsqueen]

Have you checked with Baker Creek Heirloom seeds? I know they are always looking for Rare or hard to find seeds.

[@TheTrock121]

We got some Red Japanese Mustard for free w/ our seed order and I let it bolt. I just harvested the seeds yesterday, but also started a Fall planting and spread the rest in the chicken run to see what they do w/ it.

[@scottborders1844]

I just love the mountains in the background and the area you live in so pretty

[@foster3316]

Skagit County is beautiful.

[@syedburhanuddin8245]

Melissa , technically speaking U are the best of the best candidate for homestead farming.

[@HusaCreature]

Thank you for the information! I didn't know that detail of self-pollination, that's important and will save me a lot of trouble on seed saving,.

[@stuffbywoody5497]

Awesome. My Missus told me about your channel. I can see why she likes you. Your presentation is good. It's clear, to the point, got the right amount of information, not overloaded or over complicated. Easy to understand. Thank you.

[@MommaT1970]

Just joined the academy... buying land this fall... literally know nothing. My dad has a huge garden in TN. Hoping between him and your academy, I will be have a chance😊

[@alicehorton6077]

Melissa, I asked you a question yesterday in the comments relative to grinding not gardening. I hoped for an answer but wasn’t sure I would get one. How amazed I was when it came up today, the very next day at the top of my subscription list. Thank you so much for your answer, your help and for putting yourself out there. Keep up the good work.

[@kimr4005]

So much essential information. I will have to listen again. I love seed saving and watching my produce get better every year. I have been growing Porter tomatoes every year for seven years. I do not eat tomatoes so I have testers😋. They are bigger and more prolific and better tasting every year. I also have one I marked finies. One year I have a friend several Porter plants and her husband was growing them out when he had a hemorrhagic stroke. Completely unable to care for himself or a garden I harvested the first to the last tomatoes for them as they took care of Finies in the home. I saved seeds. I have the original plus the ones I grow out every year for the family. It is a special honor to him especially since he has now passed. The power of saved seeds and their stories are priceless.

[@silasmonk2458]

Melissa, I tried to contribute in the comment section in your E mail I recieved- about certain items.. washing curtains/ drapes( mainly) in the washer...anyways..the platform there in the resonse/ comment section would not let me post my comment..it said... "repeated comment, already said that"..of course..it was my first-time..just thought you should know. Thank you for a wonderful wealth of generations of family knowledge being suggested with us

[@jenbear979]

I’ve done seed saving for years. I’ve lost some beans I loved one year, due to rabbits eating all the sprouts after every time I planted until they were gone and I can’t get those anymore. This year I was giving my garden a rest, so I’ll be praying my seed from last year is still viable next year. It feels so good to be self-sufficient. Because of cross pollination I’m thinking I’ll pick one variety of each crop each year and rotate which variety each year. That way I keep each variety pure.

[@shadytreez]

I have hybrid and seed saved for 30 years and my father did the same during his life time and once in a blue moon the plant was bad-bitter or cracks, etc. Most of the time the next generation is just as good...or like last year better and amazing! I grew a hybrid butternut squash + pumkin that produced nine 10-15 lbs butternut flavor squash. The flesh is 3.5 inches thick. Totally amazing for one plant. I cannot wait to see if the seeds will produce the same characteristic fruits size and flavor next year.

[@helenmcneil3339]

I seed save my beans but I also cut the plants back to ground level and leave them there. They regrow the next year. I let them stay in the ground for several years before I replace them. The bigger the roots, the bigger the beans and they are still tender. It also gives me a build up of seeds to share.

[@MelissaKNorris]

With 5 degree F winters here beans do not regrow

[@spoolsandbobbins]

Great homeschooling vid. Loved, shared and gonna watch again! Well done and thank you from Nova Scotia

[@bruce5895]

Tip # 4 for saving your money, if shopping for a big ticket item or just more than one of the same item don't be afraid to ask for a discount, the clerk will probably say that they are not authorized so talk to a supervisor or manager, if you don't ask, you don't get.

[@chefgiovanni]

Hi Melissa ! Wow, so beautiful. Thank you for enlightening us with your seed info. We are also seed savers, with a large seed bank , mostly sunflowers, squashes and tomatoes. We prefer to dry them on cardboard and then pack and label them in recycled jars for the next seasons. Let's get cooking . ♥🎊🍊

[@1HorseOpenSlay]

Incredibly helpful. I learned things that I have never heard before 🌞🌞🌞

[@doloresreynolds8145]

What I just learned from another channel is that onion sets are kept from sprouting through refrigeration before you buy them, and that cold spell can provide enough of a season change to trigger them to flower - in your first year, but their second.

[@christopherperkon8910]

Great video !! I have been saving some seed off of different veggies for a while...funny thing this last yr..I had my compost ( garden trash) mixed with my wood ash( from my Insert)...and So many volunteers of everything came to life...Pumpkin, Cantaloupe, Tomatoes,peppers, Zucchini,Squash.....I just put them in flats transplanted when they were ready...thank ya Lord!! But you were very Informative..Thanks from Indiana

[@lloydfreeman1203]

Where do you keep your seeds to save for more than next year?

[@Kitzishot]

Carrots can bolt in the same year if they undergo stress. We had temperature of 59 one day and 91 the next few and this went on for a couple of weeks this year. Yep, carrots are bolting, Just an FYI.

[@kitdubhran2968]

Stay safe. I will watch this to fall asleep on I think. Nice and soothing garden talk. ❤️

[@dreyno64]

I do the same thing. Pretty sure I fall asleep smiling!

[@littleneedlesfarm6387]

You are a TREASURE TROVE of homesteading knowledge! I am hooked! My new favorite channel!!

[@rugbyladice574]

Fantastic information. Thank you, and will be joining your academy. :)

[@charlesledbetter1912]

You are very intelligent on gardening. Learned a lot from this video

[@skylovecraft2491]

I just found your channel and subscribed right away!! You are my new favorite! For years i've been doing all forms of preserving and making my own bath, body and cleaning products, foraging, growing, saving seeds...etc. And i'm always learning something new from you! Thank you so much!! I want to take your course☺🙏💗

[@tilmonhensley443]

Great Video. Love them beautiful mountains behind you, And that garden and those flowers Beautiful and so green and healthy. Love from North Carolina

[@abigailbelford883]

Thank you for sacrificing your time to learn, and share. You didn't have to. I appreciate you.

[@barbara798]

Best seed saving show I have seen . Thank you very much

[@beebob1279]

tomatoes will drift pollinate. We had a specific tomato in the garden that eventually took on characteristics of other tomatoes that we grew. Sadly, we lost the one variety people couldn't get anymore. Nice presentation and thank you very much

[@michaelsallee7534]

beans and peas are semi self-pollinated...I raise certified beans for seed several decades. We found that though could save seed back for our own use (could not by law sale any for seed stock). Every 4 years we had to get new seed, as by cross-pollination they would vary too much that we would want to replant. the variance was obvious even at growth, as SRF stock the beans had a spear-shaped leaf, the first year we did not find any round leaves, the second year a few. For yield the 3rd year, the amount of cross-pollination previous years really did mot affect yield; we would never save any of this seed for another year, the reversion was ramped.

[@eSheeep]

Beans and peas can get cross polination through pollinators, that sometimes bite open a flower to get to the pollen. Saw that happen a few times.

[@naturewoman1274]

Great to leave plants to go too seed great for birds and bees

[@tilmonhensley443]

Have in the past. But not in the last few years, used to save my half runner bean seeds, and squash, some times tomatoes, and corn seed, Just smart doing this, Loved hearing you talk about the Fairy Garden, My lady friend loves hers, Peace & Love from North Carolina

[@lajeanaphelps-davis7226]

Thank you very much for the seed saving education. I learned a lot. Very good.

[@CC-te5zf]

Melissa - I've had a similar journey. I'm the sole keeper of an heirloom half-runner bean seed. I grew up in GA, but the military took me around the world. It's been hard to keep it going. Where we live now it's tough to grow - we're at 6,100' elevation. We get cool nights, which slows growth and every year we get hail that wipes out gardens. But - with the help of some friends in other states, I've managed to get others to grow it and send me seed. I'm attempting an indoor grow this year - so far so good. What an incredibly informative video. You're amazing! Thanks!

[@Nancy-zk9dj]

I learn so much from you, thanks. Great video 👍

[@NadjaAfi]

I am amazed how green it is everywhere! So glad to see trees growing wild and rich on the mountains and they dont even trim branches for the train. I love it!

[@foragingfootprints6509]

How do you keep your hands so clean and soft looking gardening so much? I have to scour mine so it’s either clean or soft never both lol. Love everything you do, thank you.

[@MelissaKNorris]

Not having a dishwasher helps with clean 😂 but lotion bars are the secret to soft. I have a tutorial and recipe on my website

[@foragingfootprints6509]

@@MelissaKNorris thank you, I also have no dishwasher and use doing the dishes to get my hands a little cleaner actually lol but that can get so sore. So excited about this lotion bar. Thank you!!!

[@dennissdmd]

Great video. I have a 50x80 vegetable garden that I spend very little time maintaining. I use all the techniques you mentioned. I hope the garden every few days after planting and after it rains to control the germinating weeds. I till the pathways regularly and I use some mulch. By July almost no weeds appear and those that do I pull by hand. People are amazed at how little time I spend working the garden. But then again according to Lennon and McCartney. “Doing the garden, digging the weeds, who could ask for more?”

[@entityone5040]

I really like watching your channel ,I learn so much and get alot of garden ideas from you.

[@obfuscateidentity2329]

Well spoken. Smart. Beautiful 🥰

[@FreeAmerican-mm2my]

Ditto

[@rrbb36]

There are many other food security tips to be discovered on this platform AND by just doing an internet search for topics like: “flower bagging” to prevent cross pollination of vegetable seed, “hand pollination techniques” and “propagation from live cuttings”... so much great free info being shared. 👍

[@antondahl8945]

Thanks Melissa! My pole beans are doing great here in NC this year! I like the bean arch you made from wire!

[@LandElevated]

We might think you’re a pro at farming. We got valuable ideas from your video and we’re going to share your channel with our customers who want to start a farm. Thanks for creating this!

[@micheleevans3521]

I could live in her garden! It's so peaceful.

[@GrowYourGroceries]

Love your videos Melissa ❤ I seed save my grandmas beefsteak tomatoes and this year im attempting lettuce and beets too xxx

[@OutineNewMedia]

GREAT CONTENT!!

[@GradyElla]

Regarding tomatoes, my garden this year was overrun by ever growing rogue tomato plants cropping up in every area of the garden. I had raised beds that just started producing healthy plants so I decided as a one year experiment, to let some of them go to fruit. The tomatoes were similar to the Brandywines that I have grown for years but not exactly the same in flavor. And there were various forms of cherry and grape tomatoes that just kept cropping up all season in crazy locations. Next year I'll aggressively control these rogues but it was an interesting year allowing our gardens to "seed save" spontaneously! BTW: Thanks Mellisa for all your hard work. You seem to know how to filter out that which is important from the endless filler material found in so many of these KZbin videos. You are right to the point, no wasted verbiage!

[@donnayoung5942]

Wow! The most detailed video on seed saving! Great job!!

[@sjmullen9011]

I’ve been seed saving for years and also buy starters when seedlings fail. What you shared in this video explains a lot. You are so knowledgeable and I enjoy all your videos! Thank you for sharing this great info. ❤️

[@charlesbale8376]

Fabulous information...Appreciate that you took the time to be thorough.

[@chief2442]

I found the tar heel beans at White Havest seed company

[@Thankful_.]

Excellent teacher! Great information! Thank you! 😊💚

[@raywilliams6560]

Thank you so much, for sharing your knowledge.

[@OutineNewMedia]

you explain so clear, thank you!

[@NeverMetTheGuy]

What a fantastic video! This type of information is why I recommended your channel to a friend who's also into this stud. Thanks for taking the time to run this channel!

[@johnlary8792]

Johnny's Select Seeds pictures and lists Patterson yellow onion as F1 hybrid, so it is not heirloom variety.

[@simu_lacra]

Appreciate the in-depth explanation. One of my round zucchini plants produces fruits that look halfway between a round and a typical oblong zucchini, so looks like its parent may have been cross-pollinated from another plant! Fortunately they still taste good, so maybe I'll save seeds for the funky genetics 😄

[@jennm2689]

Thank you! This made seed saving much easier to understand!

[@jthepickle7]

Six years ago it was 21 varieties of tomato! - this year one, Black Krim , my favorite. The same with the whole garden, heirlooms, one cultivar, for seed saving. Golden Bantam is going in one hoop house, with electric fencing around it - Raccoons. 100 pounds of blood meal is in 5 gallon buckets, in case it gets hard to find. The thought of having a garden and no seed keeps me up at night. No succession planting this year, just seed saving.

[@forrest1968]

I have heritage seeds( I didn’t grow). That said, extra income you could sell to baker creek heirloom seeds. You could also grow to save seeds for them. I don’t work for them but buy a lot..lol

[@vickiegeyer7457]

This information is so important, especially now!

[@dovelady3am815]

I loved saving seeds this year! I actually had a variety fail due to sudden hot weather in early spring, the one or two surviving plants gave me plentiful seeds for next year, so it wasn't a fail after all!

[@catherinegrace2366]

Shasta Lea sometimes that’s the best you can hope for. Recouping seeds for next year. I’m in No. California and it’s been brutally hot.

[@Itried20takennames]

Same, got hot and a number of my plants went to seed quickly, but still had the silver lining of saving the seeds. One of the nice things about gardening is that there is usually a silver lining to failures, from learning to suddenly having an open pot for news seedlings, etc.

[@KristiContemplates]

The F2 generations, and beyond, will start yielding different, and sometimes tastier, varieties of fruits. It's a fun way to do long term lucky dip fun 🤗

[@karinanalbandyan3009]

Thank you for sharing this knowledge. It’s very educational. I wish to one day learn as much as you know about growing food.

[@thomasdoucette2112]

Love your video I learned a lot can't wait to plant my own seeds next year, thanks for the lesson.

[@kathiewade6878]

My spaghetti squash was light and dark green. And the darker green looked like zucchini. Didnt string as well as they should have but were sweet and tasty and I even ate a little of the skin because it was like zucchini. We enjoyed the blunder on the part of bonnie. We bought the seedlings in may. And they grew fast and in fact we still have 8 more growing on the vine. Have harvested a dozen already.

[@charlestessier7843]

And oh, you’re 100% right in talking about lost varieties of vegetables because of the marketing practices. Luke at MI Gardener related on how 90% of varieties of fruits and vegetables have disappeared due to this. Truly a shame.Anyway Melissa, keep doing what you’re doing as far as preserving varieties is concerned.

[@stubbshomestead1316]

Really wonderful video, very informative. Thank you!

[@shellsea9520]

U are Beautiful I love your hair U are a lovely person trying to help people I hv 4 boys I am a single mum on 30 acres I hv HORTICULTURE and I am nursery trained but life is hard I am finding inspiration in your cogs TKS U mate😁😎😊

[@Jane-ez7yl]

The butternut squash do not cross pollinate with other squash and it's also resistant to the moth which is squash Vine borer

[@granmabern5283]

Ah, Thankyou! I was getting worried about squash seed saving! Butternut rocks!

[@pd8559]

Butternut head been crossed with Seminole to create South Anna. The intent is to make an even more hardy and resistant squash than Butternut.

[@3MISSISSIPPI]

I love this topic and have done quite a bit of seed harvesting on our little ranch as well. I have gotten a lot of tips from your channel that have been applied to our operation as well as our channel, thank you!

[@charlestessier7843]

Sowing from saved seeds is something I have done with beans and for the first time, started my tomatoes from seeds saved from last year. The tomatoes are doing fine and as bonus, a volunteer plant grew through my potatoes and put it where it could get more sunlight. As far as carrots are concerned, there are some wild varieties growing in my area so I tend to shy away from trying to seed save those. Even had some of the wild stuff grow out of my garden,talking of course about plants in the carrot family.

[@pattibrown1809]

I'm gonna save this video! Fantastic information! Thank you😊

[@matthewsriver5886]

Excellent informative video. Thank you for sharing. Liked and subscribed.

[@charlesdevier8203]

Excellent video! Most people do not realize the variation between plants, within a species. As you said, always select for the best plants and yields.,

[@forevertomatogirlfelym635]

I love this video; it’s so informative and pleasant to hear your voice and knowledge about seed saving. I have been saving seeds for several years but I will raise it up to the next level of being ‘serious’ after hearing you talk. Thank you for your time and your willingness to share. Sending love from Arkansas! I miss the beautiful mountains of the Northwest!

[@MTCali70]

Love your channel..this is my first year learning to save seeds. I have saved lettuce and tomato seeds so far.

[@chriskulpa3011]

Extremely informative. Thank you!

[@TheWooWooDiva]

I'm new to gardening and my spaghetti squash cross pollinated with my zucchini. I actually like it! And oh my gosh are they big!!!!

[@mable5987]

Thank you so much! I'm sure going to save more better type seeds!

[@ThatGardener]

Great video. I have done same process in my video with seeds saving tips for peppers, tomato and other vegetables. Thanks for tips and teaching as always!!

[@Cuatrostudent]

Great educational video I'm starting to save my seeds, learning to save cayenne pepper seeds. Greetings from Puerto Rico.