Migrations and Intensification: Crash Course Big History #7

[@phil23_8]

"If not for agriculture we never would've had funny hats". This is the most profound thing I've ever heard

[@GarrettRobinson]

11:12 I lost it. That was amazing. "Oh. Oh my."

[@haroonaboo368]

Garrett Robinson I thought it was mongol😂😂

[@TzeenProductions]

In Australia the native Aboriginals of this land used a method known as "Fire Stick Farming", it approximately appear 20,000-30,000 years ago. Fire Stick Farming was burning down forests in a controlled manner in order to make room for hunting terraces. It also made the area facilitate different plants, which could be picked. Although this is still a Hunter-gatherer thing I thought that I should bring it up, since it requires a kind of nomadic people it is hunter-gatherer. It also counts as farming since it is the changing of an area to facilitate plants or animals to enhance Human life.

[@richielomas9564]

Most interesting is the fact that observers of Australian wildlife have actually seen that many animals and plants are actually dying out due to the removal of aboriginal peoples or the cessation of their traditional subsistence methods, even when modern development still hasn't touched such areas. Through tens of thousands of years, Aboriginal Australians managed to actually improve the land, not just for themselves by for almost all life in the area.

[@Usammityduzntafraidofanythin]

Look up slash and burn agriculture. Slash and burn agriculture has been adopted in many places. Advanced agriculture refers to non-nomadic sedentary sustainability through farming. This, I think, is the official term used to distinguish it from other types of farming. All my sources are wikipedia. :P

[@Volus_dude]

Tzeen Finnish people also used fire to clear farmland, altough the did it way later than Australians. I wonder if there is no culture that did not see, fire stick farming as good way to clear areas? Also Fire was effective way to scare animals to traps.

[@Usammityduzntafraidofanythin]

I don't see how slash and burn can improve the ecosystem though...

[@Volus_dude]

Usammity People back then thinked about survival, not plants and animals happines. Yeah i agree fire farming is bad way to do things.

[@LukePHA]

I've been an avid fan of CC since 2012, but this is probably my favorite episode ever. Thanks to the whole team for the great work you do.

[@tahilaci2976]

I think the biggest problem with how we address history is we consider it a thing of the past, which could never happen again. In reality the same things happen even today. Traditionally history is also taught in a useless manner (not so much at CC) where you only learn dates, names of people and places. These are all useless information which doesn't let anyone understand the underlying themes.

[@Retrovorious]

It's very arrogant to say these are "useless information". Even if they are not detailed they provide foundations to learn more later on.

[@sebastianwallin3726]

The real problem of the modern world is that most people have zero influence for the food production. This means a lot of people not as much as one day of their entire life is responsible for gathering or producing the food they need in order of survival. People in this way stop understanding the neccesity and the importance of food in their lives. They start seeing food as a right. But having food is not a right it is a priveledge and a neccesity for survival. With the changing climate and the extensive use of fertilizer we will within the coming 100 years experience the malthusian trap. A trap we as humans have been able to postpone by expansion of agriculture to every place of the world. Even Saudi Arabia, China, Mexico and USA is heavily farming in the desert which can be done be excessive watering. Natural fresh water that in these places is starting to run out.

[@alkismavridis1]

Those people in Crash course really REALLY inspire me to learn more and expand my horizons. Thank to you all!

[@garrisongosling2634]

You should do a series on Anthropology

[@dearleader7647]

What's anthropology?

[@ecstasysfallimento7223]

@@dearleader7647 Study of human nature and society and it's development

[@dearleader7647]

@@ecstasysfallimento7223 thank you

[@ecstasysfallimento7223]

@@dearleader7647 No problem

[@stephenrodriguez3022]

Great idea, analyzing history through an ecological lens. Examining history using carrying capacity would sure give us insight in how to govern ourselves better.

[@iknownothing-m8c]

I love the cadence and pacing Hank uses as he speaks. Only enhanced due to the editing! Awesome!

[@levi12howell]

I really like your energy theory Hank. It makes sense even into today. Basically an implication of that idea being correct would be that in order to improve human life at this point we would have to find a way to increase energy consumption per person while not impacting our environment. Narrowing that down might help scientists and humanitarian goals

[@theplebeian2706]

"...the Mongols...." Be still my beating heart...

[@by483924]

The animation beginning at 7:45 is just awesome.

[@MrJ158n]

Eat food don't die Eat some food So you won't die

[@oneofmanyparadoxfans5447]

Have you put a bit of lava in your drum?

[@alfajorcin]

BEST ONE EVER JOHN. thanks hank this is why i devoted my life JUST to innovating agriculture.

[@metanumia]

I finally found it, this is absolutely astonishing! It turns out that the most concise, elegant and probable solution to the grandest mystery our species has ever pondered, the base *meaning of human life*, can be revealed eight minutes and forty-six seconds (8:46) into this wonderful KZbin video. So, this is how it happened, the meaning of life was illuminated in my mind like a gleaming, multi-faceted jewel of insight, by Hank Green. Thank you, Hank and John, and everyone responsible for creating Crash Course and making it freely available to all peoples with access to the miracle of human technology that is the World Wide Web and the Internet. What a divine, soul-shattering, psycho-spiritually-liberating moment of pure, blissful, mindful awareness.

[@sjwimmel]

That Thought Bubble animation at 7:45 is gorgeous, it might be the best one yet!

[@horseenthusiast1250]

"Playing Zelda alone in your basement does not constitute being busy." OBJECTION! Who else is going to kill all those skulltulas?

[@Bird_Dog00]

well, if Zelda is the only woman besides your mom you'll see in half a year...

[@thebismuthman8391]

BOTW BOIS

[@cameronreyno7175]

@@Bird_Dog00 ewwwwwww

[@lucasbleyle5015]

This series has changed my entire look out on the human species both in negative and positive ways. But keep in mind that everyone who is alive and healthy today is so incredibly lucky to even exist that there is no point to get down about the little things of life. John Green has changed my life though his books and his videos. He talks aboit oblivion and how nothing matters, but makes me enjoy simply being able to enjoy existence. I think we can be happy so easily and need to get away from greed and individualism, and the always seeking more.

[@mholber]

hank was awesome this episode. i really would like to see john and hank debate over something instead of agreeing all the time! id wager that they spent much time "debating" during their youth, as i have an older brother, too.

[@Nictator42]

Big History: the study of the origin of funny hats.

[@Nictator42]

***** Care for a jelly baby?

[@emmy9345]

for the longest time i thought hank and john were the same person.

[@jbenboo3]

What if they are?

[@bastienboutry26]

Who the eff is hank?

[@73hd99w]

they are a variation of the same gene pool

[@I_Have_The_Most_Japanese_Music]

I've never seen them in the same room together.

[@jack_the_sparrow]

***** That's just CGI. THEY'RE THE SAME PERSON!

[@bobmoore20]

“A tradition that started from there being too much poop in the water.” Hahaha I lost it

[@UnorthodoxlyEsthetic]

Here is one thing that I find surprising in Crash Course episodes in general. John and Hank both have so much knowledge about the human brain and its evolution and its optimal conditions, etc. This channel was made as an educational channel, for learning by auditory and visual techniques. I am so astonished by how despite your knowledge of human evolution and thinking, you squeeze in one ten minute video 20+ pictures, some five quotations, and of course all of the easily omitted by the eye information, like truly appreciating the animation you guys put on or the faces or names of the people you quote. It is all absolutely mind blowing and seeing as to how you already know how rapidly technology and information grew in the last few decades, and how our genes may or may not be able to keep up with it, you are honestly contradicting yourself and defying the purpose of the channel. Too much flood of information. Thumbs up for them to see

[@21972012145525]

Yes, I have been watching the same 2 videos over the last week because there's such a floor of info, that it just puts me to sleep. For me it's not just the animations/pictures. Hank talks way to fast and jumps to multiple topics in a short period of time.

[@Willox00]

I absolutely love this series! Best one so far!

[@CinnamonToast]

No matter how many times you play it, I will always laugh at the mongol clip xD

[@TheEmanExperience]

Love this clips too

[@品味历史品味人生]

What is the funny thing about ?

[@prohz9129]

The fact that they get mentioned more than better things. And they bad.

[@miguelram10]

We should bring back funny hats

[@alexsitaras6508]

shoulda been one of the cool kids in high school and joined the marching band, i got to wear a cheap itchy beret

[@5to22a]

Re Hobbes v Rousseau - Didn't we conclude previously that they were both right/wrong and that savagery could just as easily come from statism and peace from barbarian tribes and that the main factor which drove man to savagery was desperation, whilst prosperity brought altruism?

[@ZDub77]

Hey! Love the series and glad that we a headed back into the "prehistoric" realm. I would love to see more on the formation of Pangaea and how humans moved across the barely connected continent "insert Land Bridge joke here". Love the new guests on the show and hope you can incorporate it into the new episodes

[@reaganallen4878]

what's that?? oh my

[@beng1767]

best bit

[@cartoonmaster2401]

Reagan Allen XD

[@kanevanee]

I love everything that is crash course history and the affiliates: sci show show space yada yada yada. Love it and never want it to stop!

[@krinka1458]

I would argue that the underlying theme of human history is adaptation.

[@richardohanlon3036]

Though this is a matter of semantics I do think that agriculturalism by definition is a departure from the adaptation of hunter-gathering. If you're changing and learning to survive then you're adapting but if you change the environment around you to survive then you're not so much adapting as you are learning, innovating and (hopefully) improving rather than adapting.

[@regular-joe]

As John said, the term "adapting" can describe that we ourselves became adapted (changed), and also that the world has been adapted (changed) by us, to suit our own needs.

[@averyatkinson862]

the underlying theme of life on earth is adaptation

[@fieryrocket3555]

Thank you captain obvious

[@kshalakani]

Crash Course is truly excellent... Fantastic.... Thank you guys!

[@MoonlitHistory]

I'm starting to like Hank more and more. Sorry John, I'm not sure who will be my favorite Green Brother now! Hrng!

[@TheApple10]

^please tell me you're a troll.

[@pieter1102]

Chester Isn't that obvious? He probably thinks that he is funny rather than a troll.

[@Trusseck]

Go Team Hank! Go Team John!

[@juli20pokemaster]

Who the heck is Hank?

[@tsgillespiejr]

***** Hank is the one with glasses. John is the other one with glasses. Glad I could help.

[@OrAngeAnArchy]

woah, been reading guns, germs and steel...and this episode of big history hits it on the same nail as that book. keep it up crash course.

[@TheJBSleek]

I find it interesting that humans all learned farming roughly the same time without contact or knowledge. Am I the only one who finds this weird or even interesting that throughout history without contact humans have gathered the same knowledge.

[@WarriorJRD97]

Because science is a universal truth. Many independent cultures discovered metal working as well. People will always discover things through science regardless of communication.

[@TheJBSleek]

WarriorJRD97 Sure even if I was to go along with what you said. Learning it around the same time as well just seems strange to me as well.

[@1983rubaabulaban]

Not weird, but interesting. It's happened over and over, throughout history. Knowledge evolves just like organisms, in leaps and bounds, and sometimes in parallel with other organisms.

[@bigglessy]

Jeremiah Bromell Not really 'around the same time'. We're talking many centuries of difference.

[@ojb48o]

"around the same time" = thousands of years. Not that crazy.

[@Ziezoo]

This youtube channel is so ridiculously good. pls no nerf.

[@adambierstedt920]

John, playing Zelda alone in your basement is very clearly being busy. I don't know what got over adult you, but you from the past has in priorities in much better order than present you does.

[@SomaliSamurai]

Came here to say this.

[@Sylteagurk]

I'm really enjoying the Big History series, my favourite so far! Keep it up.

[@samuels6135]

11:12-11:17 gold. crash course gold.

[@geostyma]

I watched this twice in my sleep but have only heard the whole responsibility humanity thing this first time and agree so much

[@ratatouille1682]

3:38 "By your powers combine, I am...." got killed by sticky oily tentacles.

[@abedbaayoun8102]

Great episode guys ,very informative , it would be amazing if you can provide links to certain information that you referenced throughout the video ,oh yeah and love the transitions by the way!

[@cityofbooklovers8500]

THE MONGOL VIDEO GETS ME EVERY TIME JFDJJFJD

[@bellaabadi8505]

+cityofbooklovers i thought it was just me asdfgjk

[@aileencallaghan]

I'm glad I found a video that matches my though process

[@MsVeggieEater]

"World War 3 will be fought by the Radiant and the Dire." Rofl! Just noticed that! Awesome.

[@ethan-loves]

What an incredibly insightful video.

[@carbontail]

I have a question for the historians. If alcohol prevents death from the "poopy water" in densely populated areas, and certain religions such as Buddhism, Mormonism, Sikhism, Islam, and Jainism (all more or less) taught people to avoid alcohol, then were more people killed from "poopy water" in these places where those religions were practiced? Did they find something else to drink like coffee or something?

[@Brynsane1]

No because tea. Boiling tea kills microbes just as well as fermentation does.

[@maxben3391]

As Bryn said, tea, and as you said, coffee. Basically any drink that required boiling water before drinking it.

[@BartAcaDiouka]

For Islam and Judaïsm, (which at first prevented alcoholism as well at first) they developed in a dry environment where water is already seen as a valuable rare resource (so you don't poop around). But what about pre-Colombian american civilizations, they didn't have alcohol, did they? What did they use to prevent deceases from filthy water?

[@tsgillespiejr]

BartAcaDiouka Hot chocolate. Fact.

[@Kziuri]

You know that the time period he's talking about there's no religions yet. People are pagan. Dumbfuck

[@juanrivera5166]

some of the best work i've seen out of thought bubble😮 well done!

[@jnsnj1]

John from the present, John from the past was likely playing the Ocarina of Time and that was in fact being busy.

[@jonahjameson831]

playing Zelda games is some serious business.

[@caseyedwards2331]

Under 301 :3 That aside >.< Awesome video :D Really enjoying the series! Crash course as a whole has helped a lot with my school work!

[@AL33M18]

So basically limit every couple to 2 kids?

[@robbert-janmerk6783]

Worlwide average number of children/woman is already 2.4 and this is dropping: 40 years ago, the amount was double. So yes, that's basically what we've been doing.

[@SapphireCrook]

There's a problem. This assumes those kids become fully healthy adults that give more babies. With exactly 2, as we've seen so far, that's not going to work. From death at birth to genetic sterility... yea.

[@Tfin]

No, limit every couple to one fiftieth of a child.

[@richielomas9564]

On average, but not in individual cases. For one thing, that's a gross violation of privacy and reproductive rights, and the ultimate example of sending the state into a woman's uterus. For another, we've already seen the immense social problems caused by fertility limits in China (missing women, infanticide, etc). Rather, expanded access to healthcare, empowerment of women economically and socially, and greater access to contraceptives and family planning services helps to bring the average fertility rate to replacement level or lower. It has all of the benefits of social empowerment, which should be ends in themselves anyway, and it preserves the sanctity of choice in fertility.

[@AntiMessiah2023]

Like others said not the best solution. Just look at Europe. WIth many countries having a sub-two native population growth, most 'Europeans' are predicted to become minorities in their own nations. Some people blame immigration but if let's say for the sake of argument you stop all immigration, even then the scenario does not change. Look @ Japan and it's top heavy population. The relatively new concept of world wide peace and prosperity is an illusion and the coming decades will shrink the population once again. I have a feeling we humans will have a major role in it :(

[@Mto103]

I love this show so much, please don't take another 3 weeks to make the next episode.

[@bastienboutry26]

John is like super busy (producing a movie and all) so let him/them take the time they need. You like these videos because they are well done, something that cannot be done that quickly! (especially considering the amount of work they have on the side!)

[@ceciliaaaxiful]

John, I take almost every word you say as Gospel but I just had 1 issue with this lesson. My issue is about writing, I don't mean to say that writing wasn't critical in human progress but it's also important to remember that it's a cultural perception that puts such emphasise on written knowledge. Some cultures (hundreds of cultures on the Australian continent alone) were able to keep tens of thousands of years worth of knowledge through oral tradition. This knowledge was (and is) as deep, complex and important as written knowledge. Just a note I wanted to make!

[@PajamaMan44]

Yes, but do they pass on calculus through their oral tradition?

[@jjj8317]

oral knowledge changes as it goes from one person to another. even if is just a refracing the whole meaning of one story can drastically change and become something completely different in the time lapse of 1000 years. thats why writing knowledge is more critical because the letters of one text cannot change (unless you physically make a new text).writing is the most important human innovation it lead to the standardization of language. i know this because i am bilingual (spanish and english) each language has its own knowledge unless you know the culture you cant completely understand the language. Language also describes the way people think e.i: the world educacion in spanish means (manners and education) it comes from the same root but in english the meaning of the world has been divided in two. this is important because in the spanish thought to have manners you require education , and education is not only an scholar activity but also a social one in the way you deal with people.

[@PcGamerHero]

Writing allow less knowledge to be forgotten. It really have nothing to do with the quality of the text, but oral traditions simply can't stay accurate for as long as writing.

[@joshuachen5476]

I was thinking the same thing. Storytellers memorize entire epics (and of course the stories carry complex webs of cultural ideology), and complex ecological knowledge survives through practice and oral communication (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_ecological_knowledge) . Oral traditions can even contain entire constitutions: Undoubtedly, the constitutions of numerous Native American confederacies were composed and remembered orally, the most famous example being that of the Haudenosaunee (AKA Iroquois), which inspired the American Articles of Confederation. That's not to say that writing isn't useful. But, as the original poster said, written stories and concepts are not inherently better than orally transmitted ones (although obviously some things, such as calculus, require writing).

[@joshuachen5476]

PajamaMan Yes, it's probably very difficult if not impossible to teach complex maths orally. But how is that relevant to the topic of the original post?

[@bigjimTraining]

I would just like to say thank you for all the stuff you post. I find it a please to be educated and entertained at the same time and thoroughly appreciate the honest way you explain history. To much history is taught with either rose tinted glasses or with a view to some people seeming whiter than white.

[@captain-obvious-speaks]

So help me understand one thing. The volcanic eruption happened and only a few thousand of us managed to survive in Africa and decided to spread out, so what, did they build boats and cross oceans to reach distant places and survive miles on foot through desert and blizzard to reach fertile places? And this was only around 60-70k years ago when the continents were more or less in their present day state. Would be grateful for some insight.

[@richielomas9564]

+Captain Obvious pretty much, yes. Remember that over the course of tens of thousands of years, local environments often shifted, so areas that are inhospitable today were at times far more attractive for hunter gatherers (the Sahara, for instance, was once a flourishing grass land). As the patchwork of biomes shifted, it became possible to occupy different places at different times, and thus over the millennia it people moved around and defused as the population grew until they occupied every major landmass on earth by about 3,000 BC

[@captain-obvious-speaks]

+Richie Lomas OK, I give you that. Then how about natives of Australia and New Zealand? There is no way they could migrate on foot or shallow waters or a temporary land bridge that might have connected Russia with Alaska.

[@richielomas9564]

Captain Obvious Boats. Keeping in mind that during the ice age, sea levels were far lower, and thus the chain of islands between SE Asia and Australia would have been a more continuous series of larger landmasses separated by narrow straits. Meanwhile, various polynesia cultures have proven to be quite adept at mid-sea navigation using stars and the movement of the sun and moon with limited physical tools, so Islands could have easily been colonized over the course of thousands of years. Many Islands in the South pacific were only first colonized as recently as 1000 CE

[@chrisj1746]

I find this take on history very interesting. It is almost sort of an outside, holistic sort of perspective.

[@justmacg2873]

can we see a clash course episode about the War of the Roses? and its effect on England?

[@bachirmoktari3872]

Nick Grimes hv

[@lincolnpepper816]

its a cvideo game

[@lincolnpepper816]

except its gone now :(

[@preferredpronoun3689]

Some archaeologists say something called Competitive Feasting was the reason for farming. Not that people forgot or grew to lazy to move around. In south American culture spices such as the chilli pepper is the oldest spice cultivated, and it's for having parties and showing off because you needed to gather people around you as a chief to keep power. You could only do this if you got the best tasting food and booze too.

[@West_Kagle]

Finally.......The Mongols. 😁 .......yeah, I'm only here for The Mongols. :P

[@Yamikaiba123]

"We want there to be more of us." Speak for yourself; this is about me and no one else!

[@chuckwagon9973]

[Migration Intensifies]

[@rogermwilcox]

Studies have shown that, although hunter-gatherers would only spend 6-ish hours a day hunting and gathering, they would spend considerably more time processing what was gathered than agrarian societies. Domesticated crops are selected for, in part, by how easy they are to make edible. It takes a lot more time to process (say) wild acorns than it does to process domesticated wheat.

[@kolbypham7318]

Can you guys please enable 720p 60 fps on our videos? It would just improve the viewing experience.

[@kolbypham7318]

Like this comment so that they can see it :P

[@sundhaug92]

that only makes sense for the animations

[@Asrahn]

But I thought 30 was more "cinematic"? :P

[@sundhaug92]

Asrahn Only if you're ubisoft, but they have discovered the ultra-cinematic experience of 12 fps

[@Colebrookproductions]

I prefer 1080p 24/30fps, but to each their own.

[@MisterJadams]

I always really like this era of history

[@ivorycloudofficial]

Does anyone have an article reference for 4:57?

[@ivorycloudofficial]

Awesome- thanks !

[@Idiosyncfilms]

In follow up to this great video I'd recommend Jeremy Rifkin's 'The Empathic Civilization', Steven Pinker's 'The Better Angels of Our Nature' and Bertrand Russell's 'In Praise of Idleness'.

[@Andu661]

John Green said football instead of soccer... hueheuheuehuehue

[@EvansRowan123]

Different kinds of football, soccer - association football - being one of them.

[@Tfin]

Only rugby is real football. If even that. The others are variant rulesets.

[@EvansRowan123]

R3Testa Rugby football is a variant that was famously invented by a kid at Rugby school who picked up the ball and ran with it during a game of football.

[@Tfin]

Rowan Evans Yes... before Association Football was ever a thing, as that evolved later.

[@RossLinderman]

Rowan Evans You're talking about William Webb Ellis. I hate to break it to you, but that's a myth. Source: Stephen Fry

[@Colebrookproductions]

Man, the Thought Bubble team is getting good 7:47- 8:23 was amazing

[@ahmedamineramdani2729]

11:51 onward: Whatever happened to "Famines are mostly a man-made problem and Malthus sucks"?

[@urmadrelastnite]

Well seeing as how if humans had never invented agriculture, they never would've exploded in population and thus hit a carrying capacity limit - which results in famine - the argument can be made that famines are still a human-made problem, and Malthus argued that the carrying capacity was set at some absolute number that would not adjust to increases in technology. Checkmate, athiests

[@djnAbNo2]

It seems like I'm saying this every video, but man I love this channel!

[@ivyvetniss3148]

My ancestors could migrate miles and I can't get a remote 2 feet away

[@gabrielacosta4126]

John Green really looks green!

[@Disthron]

So, I know that the big 3 desert religions all told there followers to have as many children as possible, thush contributing to the famin cycle, but was this true in other cultures?

[@ashliz8925]

CrashCourse should do a global event/mega disasters episode. You reference Mt Toba often, I think it would be significant and fascinating episode, clearly past global events are a 'big history' event! Love CrashCourse and watch almost all of hank and john green's channels!

[@Davidn1]

Progress is the only point of human existence, or any other living being's existence, and trying to stop it is futile. Progress trumps antiquity regardless of the cost in misery, suffering, or death. For the demands of the body in present, trump the ideals of the mind.

[@EvansRowan123]

Progress is just a word, what do you actually mean when you say it, that makes "progress" worth infinitely more than the happiness and suffering of millions of people?

[@Davidn1]

Rowan Evans Well what is happiness but chemicals in the brain? Does feeling good trump survival, reproduction, and dominance of your species? Life is always more suffering than happiness. Therefore the only true way to be happy is to be dead. So that cannot possibly be the reason for existence. Progress is simply defined as enabling more of your species to survive with less input energy.

[@EvansRowan123]

David n Survival, reproduction and "dominance of my species" are just chemicals *outside* my brain, which considering that I *am* a brain, don't matter so much to me. Life, at least for first-world humans, is certainly not more suffering than happiness, in fact the last time I experienced suffering worse than mild annoyance it was on a scary thrill ride at a fair that I actually paid to go on, in pursuit of a more broadly-defined kind of "happiness" as described by most utilitarian philosophies. Animals are incapable of reasoning as to whether life is worth living, and I hold that most people who think life is worth living at all believe that life, or at least their lives, consist of more happiness than suffering - even if this happens to be a delusion that they maintain because they evolved to do so, that would actually be even more indicative of the fact that happiness is, to most people, the reason for living.

[@Davidn1]

Rowan Evans Exactly, happiness is a delusion to get you to survive beyond reproduction. Survival of your species is also chemicals and behavior, the thing is this is shared by every species ever.

[@EvansRowan123]

David n I'm pretty sure I covered this in, like, the second half of the "even if this happens to be a delusion" sentence, but I'll clarify and expand since you're focusing on it: "We only do X because of a delusion" implies "X is incompatible with our true goal". If happiness wasn't the true reason for living, far more important to humans (if not to the uncaring evolutionary forces controlling humanity) than survival and reproduction, why would the delusion of happiness be necessary?

[@jhonnyvaldivieso8310]

Awesome Show

[@Durakken]

Please define what you mean by state, because saying that states only arose 5000 years ago, as in a structure of governance of a group of people generally associated with a particular territory, is nonsense especially considering City-States are at least 10,000 years old, and tribal living is obviously far older and both are states.

[@ojb48o]

Really it seems as though he is referring to nation-states, from the context.

[@Durakken]

Jay B Nation-state there is even less of an argument and more nonsensical. As a nation is more or less just a group of people who have the same culture, and in context and all the other rhetoric put forward by them he is referring to governing bodies. Either way it's kinda crap that they, or more precisely John, keeps injecting his ideology and twisting narrative rather than sticking to the objective facts. I don't know if it's him or the people who write what he is saying though, because Hank's shows don't have this injection into it, even though I think they both hold the same or similar ideology. And just so I'm clear, I don't have problem with random people injecting ideology into their views. The problem and difference is how they are presenting themselves as more objective and then subjectively interpreting and leaving out objective facts that disagree with their interpretation.

[@calebgoheen17]

I think he was just using it as overlapping term to refer to any society that's evolved beyond hunting and gathering. that's just what I got from the context he was using the word "state" in.

[@TrickerFailureFilms]

You really can't consider a village much of a "state" per say, as the general idea of state is more having to do with a large plot of land. Even in a city-state context, it still suggest a sort of large, bustling bit of land being governed. A state doesn't necessarily mean anything that's governed, there's just an unspoken detail about it.

[@tbeller80]

State, Nation, and Government are often used interchangeably when they do have distinct meanings. I've always been taught that the states are post-Westphalian inventions where before that we simply had increasingly-organized nations. A state has internationally-recognized sovereignty whereas a nation is fairly well-defined group of people bound by culture, ethnicity, laws, and territory. Even before the Peace of Westphalia states were beginning to come into existence where nations depended less on autocratic rulers and more on institutions and bureaucracies.

[@RoScFan]

07:13 finally, john says something that makes sense; we are little different than the animals we evolved from;

[@1schwererziehbar1]

[migration intensifies]

[@andrewmiles389]

This history video is very informative and interesting

[@VillaDish]

Wait, Prosperity (2019), Strain, almost WW3, crisis COVID-19, Civil in fighting BlackLivesMatter.... Is it me or is this happening right now

[@eddiegruver946]

Interesting video, can't wait for the next one!

[@FedJimSmith]

I was just thinking. If humans got separated again, say by isolated on different habitable planets. What kinds of uniqueness in culture, evolutionaI was just thinking. If humans got separated again, say by isolated on different habitable planets. What kinds of uniqueness in culture, evolutionary development will those humans differ on each otherry development will those humans differ on each other

[@ShadowJedi527]

The beginning of agriculture made possible the start of migrations and social inequallity.

[@chrisnguyen1186]

I'm Christian, people! Insult me irrationally and run away!

[@alec8182]

Can we be scientific Christian friends and try to ignore the idiots who are like, "THUS DIDND HAPPENN CUZ JESUS" and he people who just want to start flame wars?

[@alec8182]

The*

[@alec8182]

And so on with those kind of people

[@Thutil]

Can I insult your god instead?

[@Usammityduzntafraidofanythin]

Dang christians! I'm atheist, I don't need 'em! EVOLUTION BITCH

[@foreverofthestars4718]

I like the hypothesis that agriculture started after ancient humans discovered how to make beer. Once they learned they need fermented plant material they're all like "yea let's plant some grains and use it to make beer! Bread is cool too."

[@ImperatorZor]

The Solution: move into space. Set up infrastructure on the moon to build lunar cities and factories, use them to build asteroid miners, build space colonies, colonies on mars and orbital solar power stations. You know all that money that the GOP spends on more warships than the navy needs or wants? Put that into building and developing launch vehicles to go to the moon and set up that bench head.

We don't need to move into space for a very long time. Imagine humanity after a couple of millions of years, still living exclusively on Earth. It's possible.

[@ImperatorZor]

Gábor Koszper No reason not to get a good start on things.

[@Gaskinmoo79]

Love the series, makes lunch at work a little more interesting..... on a side note. There is nothing wrong taking a little alone time with Zelda. Those evil minions of Ganon are not going to stop themselves :)

[@khongorshatar4816]

And everyone went to agriculture, except for the Mongols!

[@Rico-Suave_]

Watched all of it again

[@leethecannon]

So we are all doomed to starve, yay

[@RustyShackleford1066]

Well, we're also doomed for various other reasons.

[@jakehalford8541]

Jacob Lively Everyone here will be dead in a hundred years so fuck it :P

[@labyran5593]

Jake Halford agreed

[@SpazzyMcGee1337]

Jake Halford If by "fuck it" you mean "don't care about stuff", I disagree. Humanity is my afterlife. The state I leave it in is therefore important.

[@labyran5593]

k

[@aperson22222]

You know, looking at the arc of this course so far, I can't help feeling like this rising complexity is flying in the face of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

[@alzar11]

Yeah, I think there needs to be an incentive for people to have less babies. It's not like we don't have effective contraceptives now either.

[@gamerdude1246]

+GibJen McHorse Having less babies is harmful for the country. It may not look like it, but it's better for a state to have overpopulation, rather than an underpopulation (if that's even a word).

[@alzar11]

+Gamerdude1246 Yeah, it might be good for economies...but its a disaster for the planet.

[@schwaandfriends6122]

***** I believe you are mistaken both are bad if there is an "underpopulation" there will not be enough people to fulfill the tasks needed to keep the society going and if there's overpopulation there will not be enough resources to go around

[@gamerdude1246]

+Schwa and Friends I said overpopulation is better than underpopulation. Doesn't mean overpopulation is necessarily good.

[@schwaandfriends6122]

***** u misunderstand what I'm saying I'm saying they are equally bad if u run out of resources the population will diminish and if they can't find anymore resources then 😵😵😵

[@justkileiah]

I can't help relating the concept of carrying capacity raised at the end of the video to the sustainability and Malthusian ideas discussed in World History 215. Does modernisation directly increase the carrying capacity of society, or is carrying capacity something different?

[@theawkwardcurrypot9556]

1:48 two types of football..the real one and the American one. No likes, coz true.

[@Fig_PNW]

Props on the ending philosophy on this one!!

[@eviltwinzak]

Cap'n Planet? OMG, that was so 90's! :D

[@jdkleinsorge]

Love the series guys! Thanks :-) I've learned so much!!

[@laurelzeri3610]

Thanks!

[@kannmann97]

I FRIGGIN LOVED THIS VIDEO