Molecular Markers | genetic Markers like SSR, ISSR, microsattelite and minisattelite

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Hearing your lecture is an most awesome thing. you are the one who create interest and understanding tidious concepts and help to pass exam even after studying on last day.

[@gowthamkaramthot2758]

the name itself (markers) was making me to think that it is something completed , but after seeing this video i felt nothing tough is hidden. the way you explain is very helpful. thank you shomu brother

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

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this whole video summed up 1 whole semester for me. thank you!

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[@sudhanshusrivastava5687]

Sir, kindly explain the difference between dominant and codominant markers.

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Excellent explaination Thank you so much Sir 🙏👍

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Sir, your videos are helping a lot.

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[@prithaghosh1890]

your videos are excellent sir..great job.it is really useful to so many people

[@nishamashee8767]

Thank you sir. Now I understood the whole concept of genetic markers , molecular markers and gene mapping . After watching all your lectures. Thank you once again

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Thank you very much sir!

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[@Dear_me-24]

My selection exam is coming and this helped me so much. Thank you

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Back to your lecture👍

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[@frankaddeo6132]

Another helpful video, thank you for your contributions friend!

[@yikotao]

Hi. your lectures are really good. But it takes time to understand the pronunciation, would you mind add the subtitle of your lectures? many thanks

[@anmol5212]

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[@ambet4729]

you can turn on the youtube function of the automatic subtitles. it is fine most of the video

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Tysm 🌈

[@zaimahbegum-diamond1660]

Hi... please have subtitles. Your accent is very strong. Thank you.

[@nasreenhussein2813]

Thank you

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

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[@sreeyadas7505]

Sir please upload about SSLPs , STRs & SNPs

[@habteaddise]

dear there are many DNA markers in number. which markers are useful or better to use in plant breeding?

[@vishhh1905]

Sir is there any lecture on disease prognosis through molecular markers???

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Ty sir

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[@gloryshayo3168]

Hellow, your lecture is goog. You may supplement with short explanations for easy understanding.

[@marifadel8956]

Thanks sir. Can you tell me please what are.. molecular methods in plant breeding..?

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

I will make a video on that soon. Thank you

[@biologyaddict2351]

Hi, In the Satellite DNA Video you have said that miniSatellite repeats have up to 25 bp but here you have said, that they have 5 to 9 bp !

[@soloadventure111]

Respected sir Isn't study of phylogenic relationship a part of molecular characterization. I used RAPD and ISSR markers for molecular characterization. And sir what should be the main part that should included in molecular characterization of plant apart from phylogeny part?...thank u sir

[@raitriporte4860]

Sir molecular marker in genome analysis And genetic marker different h kya h

[@aichab9417]

thanks alot

[@joshlamb8163]

Awesome job.

[@shivanidarmagaru9045]

excellent...very useful

[@yashjaiswal5527]

Sir make vdio on sequence Target sites and it's two types

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Okay

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Good job sir

[@ANANDCHOUDHARY143]

Very helpful👌👌

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[@彭成洋-r6w]

nice job thanks a lot

[@dilkibaten4459]

hi, i want to ask why we select these repeats which are actually present in non coding sequences to identify any character, on the other hand we say coding sequences are responsible for any expression, tell me the relation?

[@laurarosinatorresortega6526]

Can you explain STS in a single vídeo (Secuence Tagged Site) ??? And Thank you, you are helping in my career!!!

[@debisharma5822]

Thank u

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[@yahyaeldie]

Hi designer it was good job

[@manikankanadas6831]

can you explain backcross breeding mathod.....plz sir

[@saraiskandar2170]

hello dear, thanks for this interesting information. but i have a question is not ssr and isr are in non coding sequence, so why we use them to study genetic information like in plant to see some characterestis? plz can you tell me, i am waiting your answer . best regards

[@GeneticsLessons]

SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats) and ISRs (Interspersed Sequence Repeats) are indeed found in non-coding regions of the genome, such as introns or intergenic regions. While these repeats themselves do not directly code for proteins, they can still provide valuable genetic information for various studies. Here's why they are used: Genetic diversity and population structure: SSRs and ISRs are highly polymorphic, meaning they have multiple alleles with varying repeat lengths. By analyzing the variation in these repeats among individuals or populations, researchers can assess genetic diversity and population structure. This information is useful for studying evolutionary relationships, population dynamics, and conservation genetics. Marker-assisted selection and breeding: SSRs and ISRs can be used as genetic markers to assist in plant breeding programs. By identifying and mapping specific SSR or ISR loci associated with desired traits, breeders can select plants with the desired characteristics more efficiently. These markers aid in the selection of plants with improved agronomic traits, disease resistance, or other desirable features. Germplasm characterization and identification: SSRs and ISRs are valuable for characterizing and identifying plant germplasm. These markers can distinguish between different cultivars, varieties, or accessions based on their unique allele patterns. They are commonly used in plant variety protection, germplasm cataloging, and establishing the authenticity and purity of plant material. Quantitative trait analysis: SSRs and ISRs can be employed in quantitative trait analysis to identify genetic loci associated with complex traits. By conducting association studies or linkage mapping using these markers, researchers can uncover regions of the genome that contribute to trait variation. This information can help in understanding the genetic basis of traits and potentially facilitate marker-assisted breeding for complex traits. Genetic mapping and genome assembly: SSRs and ISRs can serve as anchor points for genetic mapping and genome assembly in plants. By mapping these markers in relation to other known genetic markers, researchers can construct genetic maps that provide a framework for studying the organization and structure of plant genomes. Despite being located in non-coding regions, SSRs and ISRs are valuable tools for studying genetic information in plants. They offer insights into genetic diversity, assist in breeding programs, aid in germplasm identification, enable trait analysis, and facilitate genetic mapping and genome studies.

[@merlinmonisha2279]

Sir can u explain, what is the significance of polymorphism in markers

[@GeneticsLessons]

Polymorphism in markers is of significant importance in various fields of genetics and genomics. Here are a few reasons why polymorphic markers are valuable: Genetic diversity and population studies: Polymorphic markers allow researchers to assess genetic variation within and between populations. By examining the distribution and frequencies of different alleles or genetic variants, scientists can gain insights into the genetic diversity of populations, infer relationships between individuals or populations, and study patterns of migration, evolution, and population history. Genetic mapping and linkage analysis: Polymorphic markers are crucial for constructing genetic maps and performing linkage analysis. These markers provide a means to identify and track genetic loci associated with specific traits or diseases. By genotyping individuals or families using polymorphic markers, researchers can study the inheritance patterns of these markers and identify regions of the genome linked to particular phenotypes of interest. Association studies and disease gene discovery: Polymorphic markers are used in association studies to identify genetic variants associated with diseases or complex traits. By genotyping individuals with and without a specific condition, researchers can compare the frequencies of different marker alleles between the groups and identify statistically significant associations. Polymorphic markers serve as genetic signposts to locate potential disease-causing genes or genetic regions. Forensic and paternity testing: Polymorphic markers, such as microsatellites or short tandem repeats (STRs), are widely used in forensic genetics and paternity testing. These markers exhibit high levels of polymorphism, making them effective for individual identification and determining biological relationships. By analyzing the allele patterns of multiple polymorphic markers, forensic scientists can generate DNA profiles to match or exclude individuals from crime scenes or establish parentage. Evolutionary and conservation genetics: Polymorphic markers play a crucial role in studying evolutionary processes and assessing genetic diversity in endangered species or populations. By examining genetic variation using polymorphic markers, researchers can understand patterns of genetic drift, natural selection, gene flow, and population structure. This information is vital for conservation efforts, species management, and understanding the genetic basis of adaptation and evolution.

[@prasannasbiology7713]

Which marker is best for produce stable genotype?? And why??

[@GeneticsLessons]

The choice of the marker for producing stable genotypes depends on the specific application and the organism under study. Different markers have their advantages and limitations. However, one commonly used marker that is known for producing stable genotypes is Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Here's why SNPs are often preferred: Abundance: SNPs are the most abundant type of genetic variation in the genome. They occur approximately every 1,000 to 2,000 base pairs in the human genome and even more frequently in some plant genomes. This abundance allows for a dense coverage of markers throughout the genome, facilitating the identification of stable genotypes. High stability: SNPs are relatively stable markers because they involve single-base changes. Once a SNP is identified and characterized, it remains stable over generations. This stability allows for consistent genotyping results, making SNPs reliable markers for studying genetic variation and performing genetic analyses. High-throughput genotyping: SNPs can be efficiently genotyped using various high-throughput genotyping technologies, such as SNP arrays or next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. These technologies allow for the simultaneous genotyping of thousands to millions of SNPs, enabling large-scale genotyping studies and cost-effective analyses. Inheritance patterns: SNPs follow predictable Mendelian inheritance patterns, making them suitable for genetic studies, mapping, and breeding programs. They can be used to trace genetic lineages, assess inheritance patterns, and determine the genetic basis of traits. Association studies: SNPs are commonly used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with complex traits or diseases. The stability of SNPs allows for the replication of association results across different studies and populations, contributing to the robustness and reliability of the findings. Compatibility with bioinformatics resources: SNPs are well-suited for integration with existing bioinformatics databases and resources. Numerous SNP databases and tools are available that provide extensive information on SNP locations, allele frequencies, functional annotations, and associations with various traits or diseases.

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[@newone1678]

Can you explain STMS and DAF

[@GeneticsLessons]

STMS stands for Sequence-Tagged Microsatellite Site, and it refers to a type of DNA marker used in genetic analysis. Microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are repeating sequences of DNA typically composed of 1-6 base pairs. STMS markers are developed by isolating and sequencing the flanking regions of microsatellite repeats. These flanking sequences, also called sequence tags, are used as specific markers to amplify and detect the presence of the microsatellite in a DNA sample. STMS markers have been widely used in genetic mapping, linkage analysis, and population studies. DAF, on the other hand, stands for Derived Allele Frequency. It is a measure used in population genetics to determine the frequency of a particular genetic variant or allele within a population. Derived alleles are those that have undergone a mutation or genetic change from the ancestral state. DAF calculates the frequency of the derived allele by comparing it to the frequency of the ancestral allele in a population. DAF is often used to study genetic variation and evolutionary processes within populations. It provides insights into the history and dynamics of genetic changes, such as natural selection or genetic drift, as well as the effects of population migrations or environmental factors on allele frequencies.

[@cookingwithshitu6334]

bhaiya STMS KYA HOTA H ..AR STS AR STMA SAME H KI DIFFERNT HAI...??

[@pamelafelita4086]

good good !! i learn ecomolecular markers. .so confusing

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Reciprocal transformation?

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what does it mean by highly reproducible?

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sir upload in hindi

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Coming soon

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Why?

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F off, Grammarly! P.S. Great video, thanks!

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Really useful👍

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+Dhanya Marie Jos thank you.