Monocotyledous leaf anatomy(Isofacial leaf)_Anatomy of flowering plants_along with notes and MCQ

Anatomy of flowering plant-1(6.1The Tissue system)#Neet#Biology#10+l#Botany
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Notes of anatomy of Monocot Leaf
General Characteristics
Found in grasses, maize, and rice
Both leaf surfaces are equally green and can face the sun
Shows no distinction into petiole and lamina
Features parallel venation
Has sheathing leaf base
Examples include Dracaena, spider plant, grasses, and lawn grass
Epidermis
Single-layered, made of parenchyma cells
Protected by cuticle
Contains bulliform (motor) cells in upper epidermis
Interrupted by stomata
#### Bulliform Cells
Large, thin-walled, protruding cells
Highly vacuolated and can store water
Functions:
Help in rolling of leaves during water deficiency
Aid in unrolling when water becomes available
Stomatal Apparatus
Stomata lined by dumbbell-shaped guard cells
Guard cell characteristics:
Thick towards inner side, thin towards outer side
Contains nucleus, chloroplast, and tiny vacuoles
Surrounded by subsidiary cells
Functions:
Gaseous exchange (CO2 and O2)
Helps in transpiration
Protection of internal tissues
Mesophyll
Located between upper and lower epidermis
Composed of large isodiametric cells (oval or rounded)
Contains chlorenchymatous cells with chloroplasts
Functions:
Photosynthesis
Gaseous exchange
Vascular Bundle
Contains xylem and phloem
Characteristics:
Conjoint, collateral, and closed
Bounded by bundle sheath
Bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts
Large bundles have bundle sheath extensions made of sclerenchyma
Protoxylem lacuna present towards upper side
Midrib
Thickest part of leaf
Features:
Shows shallow groove on upper surface
Contains sclerenchymatous patches on both sides of vascular bundle
Does not contain mesophyll
Provides mechanical strength
Adaptations for Water Management
Bulliform cells help in leaf rolling during dry conditions
Stomata regulate water loss through transpiration
Bundle sheath extensions provide mechanical support
Specialized structures aid in water conservation and structural integrity