More To Come From JWST, Starlink Interferometer, TESS vs Kepler | Q&A 239

[@colemcnight5056]

I absolutely love how in this day and age a show like this exsists

[@DanielVerberne]

It certainly shows that there is real depth and breadth to human interests. This type of channel might be numerically dwarfed by the number of channels spouting unsubstantiated nonsense but it exists and I'm deeply appreciative that folk like Fraser and all the fellow fans here exist.

[@ashleyobrien4937]

yep, for example we have that Mr. Beast who has mammoth wealth thru what is essentially utter crap, what does that say about humans. We have entire congregations of humans in large concentrated units. I guess when god comes back at least he'll be able to use his mighty lightening bolts to "take out the trash" quite efficiently. lol. Lucifer to god "how many did you get with that one, god?" God " oh about a million or so" ....lol... Lucifer "Oh, cool..."

[@filonin2]

This is the time you'd expect such a show to exist though. Can't have it before social media or the internet was popular.

[@NerdishNature]

When you explained how you love your job but you have the self inflicted problems that you burden yourself with because that’s how you want it to be - this is so relatable. ❤ and it pays off. Keep it going. But also take care of yourself. If been on the other side of that too… I love doing what I do but sometimes i demand too much of myself. Keep save ;)

[@mecha-sheep7674]

An interesting thing about mining neutron star is that those neutron decay would indeed evaporate, but that process would be cataclysmic. A teaspoon of neutronium may weight billions (or millions, I don't remember) of tons, but once it's outside the gravitational field it will revert to protons, neutrons and electrons (and neutrinos ?), and release insane amount of energy. Dwarfing what you can do with fusion or fission bombs. Only matter/antimatter explosion can compare, but they are usually not that dense. 5 cm3 of neutronium (a teaspoon) would release 200 times the energy of the chixculub meteor. End of the world event.

[@andytroo]

the brightness of a kilonova is "simply" the decay products of neutron matter decay ...

[@orpal]

Thanks for answering my question! ❤ Love the space journalism!

[@theCodyReeder]

I don't remember which video it was where you recommended it but i just finished "termination shock" pretty good book liked it a lot. I would describe it like calling a book "car crash" and have most of the book describing the operation of the car, how its built, how it drives down the freeway ect. And then just as the car is running a red light at an intersection, end the book. Never actually get to the crash, just imply that its going to happen. Is there a sequel? Lol

[@2ebarman]

One odd thing about merging 2 black holes is that the resulting black hole has less mass than the 2 original ones combined. I understand (poorly) that energy is carried away largely in the form of gravitational waves, and I wonder if that means information from inside the black hole is potentially readable with devices like a successor to Lisa.

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

As far as I understand it, these gravitational waves only carry information about the _outside_ shape of the black holes.

[@filonin2]

Information from inside the black hole cannot be attained by definition. That's what an event horizon is.

[@2ebarman]

@@filonin2 Neither should they lose mass in that regard, no? After all, the matter should not cross the event horizon the other way, just as information should not. Perhaps one-day humanity can even capture photons of Hawking radiation, and then we can say that we have observed light coming from the black hole itself, the light which can not escape the black hole, but did so nevertheless. This process, as far as I understand this, is thought to continue til the event horizon disappears and all the matter which has fallen into it has exited once again. But yes, what happens with information in this process? If a black hole swallows matter and spits it out again later in the form of Hawking radiation - has all the original information really been destroyed, and does that mean that Hawkin radiation carries no information away, although it carries mass away? Complicated ...

[@edwardkuenzi5751]

They lose mass, not matter. The mass is lost from the perspective of the outside observer, but all the matter that was inside is still there.

[@2ebarman]

@@edwardkuenzi5751 So you mean to say Hawking radiation does not lead the the evaporation of black holes, and their eventual disappearance? That seems to be the implication of saying that black holes don't ever lose any of it. But currently, as far as I understand, it's generally held belief among physicists that black holes eventually disappear through evaporation. Although yes, I'm aware that there has not been an actual observation of Hawking radiation.

[@AndersWelander]

You're the best space journalist I know. I enjoy listening to experts and scientists and to you.

[@GrouchyHaggis]

Lyar - Always love insider style questions and a great answer, I'm glad you get fulfilment from this Fraser, we very much enjoy what you do too! :) Great questions this week! Thanks Fraser and Team. (also, Thanks Patrons!)

[@noelstarchild]

I concur with others here Mr Cain, very much appreciate what you do and look forwards to seeing what's on the menu every posting you do. Thank you

[@circuitguy9750]

Zalcon - the Triton story is pretty cool. Would love to see some of the info on the researchers looking to make the next surveyor for it.

[@desmond-hawkins]

(44:57) "I still want to see a visible light space interferometer" - isn't this pretty much impossible right now due to the wavelengths involved? From what I understand this would require maintaining the distance between the spacecraft that constitute the observatory with extreme accuracy (a fraction of the wavelength). The PROBA-3 mission will attempt

[@tommurphy4308]

I am really interested in seeing the response to this question. Thanks for asking such and interesting question. I have often wondered what kind of results we could get from a "fleet" of Hubbel's or JWST's flying together and "perfectly" sync'd together.

[@SedatKPunkt]

16:00 *According to more than one paper* *_the reason for Venus' retrograde rotation_* *is either* *_a very deep ancient ocean_* *which slowed the planet down because of the tidal effects that are far stronger than on earth.* *The guys behind that paper created* *_models with a young Venus that has such a deep ocean that had the same effect like brakes have resulting stopping its rotation which led to the evaporation of said ocean._* *Another paper talks about Venus' thick atmosphere that has the same effect of slowly slowing Venus's rotation that much down that it resulted in the retrograde rotation we have today!*

[@progkarma944]

As a child of the Space Shuttle era, I was blown away by the concept of the Venture Star SSTO. My understanding is that the cancellation was mostly due to issues with the fuel tanks. With our current materials technologies and manufacturing practices, do you think this problem could be solved and the Venture Star become a reality?

[@jamescobban857]

As was pointed out decades ago by engineers such a Robert A. Heinlein to deliver a useful payload to space requires a greater specific Impulse/effective exhaust velocity than can be achieved with any chemical fuel. Look up the Rocket Equation and apply the theoretical energy that can be extracted from the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen. That produces an ISp of about 450 and therefore an effective exhaust velocity of 4.45km/s. But you must achieve over 8km/s just to enter low Earth orbit (LEO).

[@PlanetXMysteries-pj9nm]

Does anyone feel like me that the reading voice is very soothing and it makes me fall asleep very quickly even though there are many new things I need to hear and learn?

[@TriuraniumOctoxide]

[Betazed:] Exciting! [Question:] Remember when Hubble was repaired in space? Given that JWST is at a Lagrange point, could there ever be a mission to repair or upgrade JWST if needed, or would it simply be too challenging/expensive ever to get a repair bot/mission there? [Off Topic:] One of my cats always comes and sits on my lap and stares at the screen when you're on - he is fascinated by your hands when they move to edge of the screen, and I think he likes your voice - he does this for nothing else I watch! [Request:] Please do a one off space PC game special! Let us know what you've loved, hated, are anticipating etc!

[@jamescobban857]

The major reason that JWST cost $10B was because of the efforts that had to be made to squeeze the capabilities into something that could be delivered by the Ariane 5. JWST is self sufficient for ten years. Long before it dies SpaceX Starship will be in operation. Starship can deliver TEN copies of JWST and its payload bay is so wide that they would not have to be designed to unfold, and they could have twice the propellant capacity each.

[@Mars-l6f]

This video is LOVED by Physics students from St. Finian's College Secondary School Mullingar Co. Westmeath Ireland

[@YousufAhmad0]

What is the state of the matter that makes up a black hole? Neurons? Quarks?

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

No one knows. It isn't even clear if we understand the inside of black holes correctly. Alternative hypotheses exist like e. g. "fuzzballs" or "gravastars", but all of these would need new physics.

[@anthonyalfredyorke1621]

Thanks Mr Cain , for another wonderful & interesting show, the universe is just incredible and endless thanks again. PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.

[@ceptualfusion1218]

is it possible to measure CMB with a higher resolution? And does it provide any valuable additional information?

[@michaelgian2649]

Zalcon is my vote. Triton has been the longest running astro curiosity in my life, starting with the geyser reports early on and continuing with many more over the years.

[@bdr420i]

You're very great at your job ❤❤❤❤

[@MelodicMethod]

i can't find the video where the winning question was asked. I'd love to hear the answer.

[@DanielVerberne]

Has Fraser done an episode focusing on the emerging need for "space lawyers"? We may need a legal framework to cover issues such as territorial claims to space objects. We may need dispute arbitration around individual parties, corporations or nation-states causing a Kessler Syndrome event due to some poorly-executed satellite launch or something? (TL;DR, space cannot remain lawless. Do we need international law and lawyers to now aim at the celestial?)

[@catsfive]

I think you're GREAT at your job!

[@ralphz3849]

Two problems with a Dyson sphere: 1) It could block the solar wind which protects us from high energy particles from interstellar space. 2) A Dysosn sphere will have a huge amount of mass that could disrupt the orbital paths of all the planets.

[@DanielVerberne]

It's ridiculous for me as a layperson to opine this, but inflation always seemed so ad hoc to me, like "this is a fix I can apply to the Universe". It seems almost arbitrary in its "on", "off" character. Again, only a fool would dismiss years of mathematical and cosmological study and I'm that fool; but sharing my personal feeling on it.

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

There are a _lot_ of "ad hoc" fixes in the history of physics which later turned out to be true. One example from astronomy: explaining pulsars by spinning neutron stars. That's also a rather ad hoc explanation. One example from particle physics: the invention of neutrinos simply because something in the beta decay didn't add up. I could go on for quite a while.

[@jimfogarty6385]

Nothing can escape a black hole, not even light. When black holes collide the resulting black hole has less mass than the original two combined. The lost mass is converted to gravitational waves that reverberate throughout the universe. 1) Doesn't that mean it has escaped the black hole? 2) How would that affect the conservation of information? Thanks

[@nickhowitt3896]

Yea, you're pretty good at your job I think. Really appreciate this work. Thank you

[@davidbegone3577]

Andoria. Thanks for the great videos.

[@petevenuti7355]

Remus- That antimatter engine video you took down, it would be great to see a boneified particle physicist's reaction to it! What parts were based on reality, what on conjecture, and what was that lawyers hallucinations. (Hallucinations ment in the gpt like creative misinterpretation sense, not the mentality ill sense)

[@tellusmars7770]

Yeah Q&A Rules ❤

[@JD-mm4ub]

Hi Fraser , You said that Jupiter was extremely radioactive. Is it more radioactive than Neptune or Saturn and if so, can you explain why? Thank you for all you do!

[@frasercain]

It has a powerful magnetosphere that traps charged particles from the Sun.

[@laurachapple6795]

Zalcon, because I too an a huge Triton fan. I love you, Weird Space Canteloupe.

[@MrEastsidejamie]

Can you explain how tidal interactions work? Such as Europa getting warmed up as an example? Is it due to the other moons around Jupiter pushing and pulling?

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

The other moons are part of the reason. Another part is its elliptical orbit around Jupiter. If Europa is closer to Jupiter, the tidal forces are greater, and the moon gets stretched in the direction Jupiter; if Europa is farther away, the tidal forces are smaller, and the moon shrinks a bit again.

[@mrln247]

Accidental pun. "Do you get bored of your job? No" Planet name Lyar 😉

[@mrln247]

I get bored of my jobs

[@Mr.Anders0n_]

Yes to Love, Death, and Robots!! 🔥❤️🔥 It isn't only a fantastic sci-fi series. It's a piece of art.

[@olliverklozov2789]

REMUS. We are the same age - for all of the peeps saying not to believe everything you see on the internet I think it was easier to be fooled before the internet. There were so many 'science' books published about the face on Mars, etc.

[@andreasboe4509]

Hi Fraser. Can you give us a quick update on the status and timeline of the ELT, GMT, SKA, 30mT, Vera Rubin and the other exciting projects?

[@makistony]

The best Sci-fi show I have seen recently is the scavengers reign. Maybe it is one of the best sci-fi I have ever seen to be honest.

[@therealduckshow]

Hey Fraser, I just heard it claimed that Neptune receives 900x less light than Earth, which is why Voyager 2 (or was it 1?) had to be patched before it could take photos of it. So what does that mean for humans? Could we see Neptune at all with our bare eyes if we went there? What about the other planets?

[@user-fq1gh]

question: hello fraser, could alines (or maybe we in the future) use artificially generated gravitational waves for long distance communication instead of radio waves?

[@karlputz6721]

But what if it's a black Pole that I'm using to poke the black hole?

[@bhar2855]

Is it known approximately when data will be released on additional trappist 1 system planets?

[@AlexKnauth]

(Re: Belos 33:01) A double-planet exoplanet, vs an exoplanet with an exo-moon... the methods to find those 2 classes of objects would seem similar. Things like, either seeing multiple transits grouped together, seeing transit timing variations from the planet being pulled by its partner or moon, or seeing transit duration variations from the same... all 3 of those methods seem just as applicable to both classes to me. But if we apply those methods to look for both, which one will we find first? A double-planet exoplanet would seem easier to spot, assuming they exist in great enough numbers for there to be one in our sights. However, just from how many more moons there are in our solarsystem, I would expect exomoons, though harder to spot, would be in greater enough numbers that we would spot one of them before we find a double-planet exoplanet, but we won't know until we look hard enough

[@bmobert]

Concerning Dyson Spheres, what is your opinion of active support? As in, orbital rings?

[@YousufAhmad0]

How can mass spectroscopy tell whether a rock came from Venus? How do we know what elements Venus rocks are made of?

[@alennx22]

Question: Could Dark Energy/Matter be explained by gravitational pressure from a 4th (or more) dimension within the "balloon" that our 3D universe is mapped on to?

[@alennx22]

I'm also thinking about the increasing speed of expansion, like the 'air' being added to the inside of the "balloon".

[@NunoPereira.]

Thanks for answering and for mentioning the plan to develop the constellation of 12 satellites BBO for detecting the gravitational waves of the big bang. Now with 52, if I live until 100 I'm sure I'll be able to see this discovery (or its refutation) and other astonishing cosmological news as well. If Starship becomes a reliable and very cheap means of transporting stuff to space, hopefully BBO would be available in a much shorter future. This topic leads to another question: If gravitational waves from the big bang are confirmed how does this fact will be enough to confirm the existence of other universes ??

[@AEFisch]

Can't run out of need for more energy. We already have ideas within our current knowledge that require almost infinite energy. Although a Dyson sphere seems more logical if applied to a star that emits a fraction of the energy ours does.

[@zvexevz]

*Question* Is inflation a widely accepted theory these days? I recall hearing that some respected cosmologists disagreed quite strongly with the idea at one point, are they a small minority or is there broader uncertainty and skepticism regarding the concept? It might have been a panel at the World Science Festival, I can't remember exactly where, but I saw quite a fierce debate about it. What are the possible alternatives to inflation, and can they account for the observations that inflationary theory explains so effectively?

[@peterb9038]

[Andoria] Thanks for the video Fraser. Question for you: if the CMB image is dependent on where you are. ie: everywhere where it is observered it is slightly different, does that mean if you can get enough resolution for your image will you be able to determine the differences between CMB images? If that is the case, then you should be able to use those differences to determine your movement through space and could maybe even be a tool for universal navigation?

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

It's quite easy to measure the Doppler shift of the CMBR - which indeed lets you determine your movement through space.

[@fearless_earther]

Hey there, Fraser! I have a question related to astrobiology: If a manned despatch arrives at an exoplanet and finds some extra-terrestrial flora and fauna there, will humans be able to eat alien fetus and animal inhabitants of that world? How could it affect the health of the astronauts? Can it be lethal? Thanks!

[@olu9329]

For the discovery of the big bang, was it discovered with both theory and practical? And can you please also explain how the practical process was done to discover the big bang if one exist?

[@JenniferA886]

👍👍👍

[@j7ndominica051]

Vulcan. I might have asked about black holes too. I don't hear this explained quite as often as the impossibility of a Dyson sphere. Maybe we could discover some use of neutron star material if we could do hands on experiments? What if some neutrons come together into an unobtainium? Why does America pay SpaceX to develop Starship before it is ready for delivery? Doesn't this negate the benefit of oursourcing to private industry if they have to fund development anyway?

[@molnarmultimedia]

Hey Frasier! Do we see phases in Venus' brightness? I mean there is a long period when it' between the Earth and the Sun, I would assume it's going to be dimmer? Thanks!

[@Raz.C]

re - 28:00 Yeah, but have we seen _sea beams glisten in the dark, near the Tanhauser Gate?_ Such things are highly time-sensitive. I have it on good authority that all these... moments... will be lost... like... tears in the rain...

[@MrGeneralPB]

hmm... random question i guess, just how large would you have to build the observatory to have about 1 km per pixel at around 10 light years in this space inferometer constalation?

[@Squeeko639]

Quick question: How are you so awesome? Keep on doing what you’re doing!

[@philiphm282]

Hi Fraser, why does Jupiter emit so much radiation?

[@angelcrow6256]

I was recently accepted to a bachelor's program for astronomy. Does anyone have any advice? Is there a good chance of getting a job in this?

[@royparrish2515]

"The Ringworld is UNSTABLE"!!! so, use Bussard Ramjets as 'thrusters' for orbital stabilization!!

[@BWMPublic]

You mention "black holes with the mass of an atom" at 8:50. How can this be? Doesn't a black hole have to have more mass than that to be massive enough to prevent light from escaping?

[@smellycat249]

Do white holes exist? I’ve never heard of any discovery or seen a picture of one yet I’ve seen so many discussions about them. Are they only theoretical?

[@DeannaGilbert616]

The other problem with Kepler is the mission design assumed our sun was a typical sunlike star. Unfortunately the sun happens to be unusually quiet and so there was a lot more noise in the signal.

[@filonin2]

The Sun is by definition the most sunlike star, not an assumption. That would be like suggesting there exists someone more like you than you.

[@DeannaGilbert616]

@@filonin2 Right, but the assumption was that the sun was fairly typical as far as noise goes. As it turns out, it is unusually quiet. Which is a discovery in and of itself, but it sure messed up hopes for being able to detect Earth-sized planets around them.

[@brianmckay1256]

My favourite is the answer this time. Janus The Dyson swarm

[@kadourimdou43]

_Vendikar_ Q. It seems like our Solar System is rare. With the advancement of Exo-Planet detection, we seem to be an outlier. Have the chance of finding a second Earth decreased a lot, or is it a result of limited observations?

[@irrationalgeographic9953]

I have always thought that its Black Holes that produce Dark Matter and Dark Energy once it was discovered that Black Holes do vent out. This could explain why the amount of Dark Matter and Dark Energy is believed to be increasing causing the universe to expand faster.

[@michaellee6489]

I can't remember the name of the project, but there was a 2 satellite interferometer circling the Earth measuring Earth's gravitational field by recording tiny changes in the positions between the two of them. Really neat stuff.

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

You probably mean GRACE?

[@surferdude4487]

Is a black whole that is spinning so fast that its event horizon is very near light speed more massive than that same black hole would be at rest?

[@MrEastsidejamie]

That's a good question. I would guess it's heavier🤔

[@Trip_Ts]

and would it cause to flatten out by centripetal force?

[@revmsj]

The point at which two bodies orbit each other like the earth/moon or sun/earth is called their “ barycenter”… See! I know a thing!!!😃

[@olliverklozov2789]

POLL: Who thinks Fraser would look better with a few tattoos and earrings? Could stick with an astronomy theme!

[@jamesbootman1149]

Could the intersat laser links on the Starlink birds could be used as a budget LIGO?

[@DustinCable]

How do you think the recent drama over Mars Sample Return might effect prospects for launching a Uranus mission in the early 2030s? Should I abandon hope for an Ice Giant flagship mission in my lifetime?

[@qfman2]

With CECR or some other nuclear power source, you could produce enough thrust to keep a Dyson sphere centered on the star.

[@volcommermaid12]

I don't understand the voting thing can someone explain to me I see the names above Fraser but what next

[@alexisdespland4939]

are we methodically looking for rouge planets between the sun and nearby stars . HOW MUCH EASIER WOULD THE MIDWAY ROUGEPLANETS ACUALLY make it to get i anterstalllar civilazation going.

[@centurionstrengthandfitnes3694]

How do we get to Kardashev 1 and what would that mean for humanity?

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

31:07 regarding mining a neutron star, is there not "strange matter" in them, making you into strange matter if you touch it? I think we should be careful and look out for such stuff while digging, perhaps poke it with a stick to be on the safe side

[@tonywells6990]

And always remember not to go near the surface if you don't want to be an atom thick stain.

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

@@tonywells6990 - yes exactly, very embarrassing, you go out of the mine for a cigarette, and suddenly you are thin as a paper, the mining company send you back in an envelope

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

"making you into strange matter if you touch it" So far, that's entirely hypothetical, there is no experimental or observational evidence for that.

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 - it was only a question, and still, I would recommend caution, becoming strange matter is no laughing matter

[@PeterArnold1969]

Have we found aliens yet wins the award for the shortest answer EVER from Fraser. 😂

[@realzachfluke1]

Belos fam gang squad ☄️(ﾟ⁠οﾟ)⁠)

[@DexLuther]

What if you build a sphere around the sun, but you make it rotate at the same speed as the sun? Then every particle that makes up every part of the sphere will technically be in geosynchronous orbit around the sun. Maybe you'd have to rotate it faster than the sun. I'd imagine even a Dyson Swarm as rings like the image shown in the video wouldn't be just "parked" in space somewhere. They too would orbit the sun, and the swarm would look like a shell rotating around the sun.

[@mrtomsaa]

I suggest you watch SFIA (sience and futurism with Isac Arthur), he has a lot of great videos about magastructures. He has also done some crossovers with Fraser.

[@mrtomsaa]

If you rotate sphere only one line over equator would be in orbit, the rest wuld be moveing slower then orbital speed and not anymore around the Sun, at the pols it would come to stillstand. Geosynchronos (or more like Sunsynchronos) orbit is posible only around Suns equator.

[@Luna__137]

What would happen if you started removing a lot of mass from a neutron star/white dwarf?

[@petevenuti7355]

Better question is how‽ In the case of the neutron star, that might be very interesting as neutrons decay , would it be gradual or would there be a critical point as gravity slowly decreases when a bunch of neurons decay simultaneously (boom)

[@Ahuka]

Vendikar

[@savethedave]

How feasible is to launch space probes that orbit the sun, but perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic? What kind of missions would this be good for? I imagine it would help with asteroid tracking so we can more easily see big rocks heading toward Earth from the direction of the Sun.

[@Trip_Ts]

I wonder if the primordial gravitational waves could be the void that destroys everything in their path.

[@ztublackstaff]

Would it make more sense the change the term speed of light to something a little more appropriate such as the speed of neutrinos or the speed of information?

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

"speed of information" would be better. Neutrinos are _slower_ than the speed of light.

[@LordBitememan]

Would a second Hubble telescope be worth it?

[@marvinmauldin4361]

Maybe the large twin planets are rogue because large twin planets orbiting a star creates an intense 3-body problem that ejects them away from or into the star.

[@PereBouSabria]

Is an orbit inside an event horizon possible or stable? If it is, perhaps there is a civilization that can fully observe the singularity. Paradoxically, perhaps the most advanced civilizations are never to be found because they are inside the event horizons of black holes!

[@triskeliand]

5 sigma or we are not talking, lmao I love wormholes and hyper drives still. Better yet stasis bubbles, now we're talking. 3 sigma makes for a good yarn. 1 sigma might as well be pure fantasy, or as it's known in the trade, Dust aka Noise

[@seditt5146]

@Fraser Cain 7:40 Why would over density matter? Space time is a dent and two dents do not cancel each other they simply make a bigger dent. This answer is something I have always found highly lacking and is part of the reason I got much deeper into this physics. For instance we have the Early universe and even if it were perfectly smooth we still have energy spread evenly in such a density something like a Kugleblitz blackhole should form. This would be our best case scenario where all energy is in the form of photons. The warp of Spacetime is not like a Mass to the left can pull on a mass to the right and cancel it out. You need Negative mass for such a thing. Instead one to the left and one to the right just makes the center of gravity shift in-between the denting spacetime even more eventually creating a curvature tighter than the Schwarzschild radius.

[@seditt5146]

PS: Please, if you can get an astrophysicist to explain this in much more depth I would love to hear it as its bothered me for sometime now.

[@bjornfeuerbacher5514]

"two dents do not cancel each other they simply make a bigger dent" If matter is evenly distributed, there _are_ no dents, simply uniform curvature everywhere. "we still have energy spread evenly in such a density something like a Kugleblitz blackhole should form" But in black holes, energy is _not_ spread evenly - it's _concentrated_ in one spot, with _emtpy_ space around it. So why do you think this is comparable? BTW, I'm not an actual astrophysicist, but at least a physicist who had some lectures on astronomy, including some on General Relativity and its applications.

[@petevenuti7355]

Another issue is that a black hole requires an outside, for the universe there is _no outside_. As for the two dents , what about the Barrycenter ? The center of mass isn't the strongest gravity. Here is an interesting thing to think about, what if the earth was a dense shell, hypothetical of course, same gravity on the surface, within the shell it would seem like there was no gravity, because of the mathematics of a sphere and of gravity, it would all balance out and you would be "weightless" inside of that. What if the universe is the 3d surface of a 4d sphere?

[@seditt5146]

Physicist is fine, I appreciate the help. However I still have that question. With a Blackhole it is not really concentrated in one spot, ok sure our maths suggest a runaway collapse but that is sort of irrelevant here as the Event horizon is the issue and we need to concern ourselves with the point where space becomes timelike. This should happen when a set amount of energy is in a given density given to us by Swartchild's radius. Even if there is no overdensity why wouldn't it collapse directly in the center or more likely ever prevent itself from expanding in the first place as time should be pointing inward due to the curvature of all that mass stacking on top of itself. "If matter is evenly distributed, there are no dents, simply uniform curvature everywhere." Exactly, and that curvature should be more than enough to make it impossible for light to escape by many orders of magnitude should it not? @@bjornfeuerbacher5514

[@seditt5146]

I like that Analogy although it suffers a similar issue if we consider the shell made of material dense enough to curve light on itself, shell made of singularities . Barycenter is more of a 3 dimensional effect yet gravity is 4th dimensional time change no? Shining a light beam in such a shell what happens? If we start at the center and point out to the shell or from the shell inward. Would we see no frequency differences between those two beams or curving. I kinda feel like we should although I can't put my finger on it off the top of my head to be honest. However, that shell of singularities, which it should collapse as all Event horizons should into a single singularity and It feels like that is the scenario we should see with the universe. While even if the center of the shell did not experience anything unusual the whole should come crashing down. I am not sure someone inside would even realize it was crashing down either to be honest as time would slow the denser it got. Idk, just spit balling towards the end there a bit. @@petevenuti7355

[@punkyroo]

Sadly it's rare to find a job that you love that can also pay the bills. I'm deep into my career, it pays well, I theoretically do cool things (AI applications) but it's not my TRUE passion (horticulture). But, plants don't pay the bills, and never will.

[@olorin4317]

Soon we’ll have to ditch the rogue bit and just consider them free range planets and star bound planets.

[@David-gr8rh]

Do you believe there is any future for a machine like that, featured in the movie deja vu. Thank you

[@SirLothian]

Would a Dysan swarm be stable? What about 3 body type interactions between the components? It would seem to me that the management of the orbits might get impossible.

[@filonin2]

They would not be in orbit and would use stationary satellites, or statites, held in place by the solar pressure since they would basically be solar sails. You could augment this with ion propulsion for station keeping if sailing isn't enough.

[@fredsmith2277]

we aint going for millions of years, we would be lucky to see another decade in this form ???

[@nathanielbyrne1132]

Zalcon, just cos I love planets

[@Madash023]

What would happen to a black hole under the conditions of The Big Rip?

[@chrissscottt]

Hi Fraser, great show. I was wondering, with AGI seemingly imminent, how will it affect the psychology of our current crop of scientific researchers if a computer suddenly starts spitting out all the answers?