Murray Gell-Mann on The Quark Model

Murray Gell-Mann talks about how his theoretical schemes led to the developement of the quark model, his inquiry into the fractional charge and his response to the scientific communitites response to the model.
Winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his unique classification of elementary particles into his meson and baryon groups, for which he called his "Eight fold ways", Murray Gell-Mann led to developement of the quark model with the discovery of the Omega Minus baryon, which contained 3 strange quarks in his model. The quark model allowed for the appearance of particles with the same spin in the same quantum state, as long as they have different "color charge" which led to development of Quantum Chromodynamics, using the Dirac Lagrangian for SO(3) fields, represented by the Gell-Mann Matrices, QCD describes nonabelian vector fields which would later describe the color confinement and asymptotic feedom of QCD. This is similar to Feynman's use of the Dirac Lagrangian applied to SO(2) fields represented by the Dirac Matrices which describe abelian scalar fields and contain the electron propogator, mass and interaction terms which are invarient under gauge transformation when a field is introduced that transforms like an electromagnetic field, hence creating the photon propogator. Feynman's diagrams stem from these terms, and these apply for Quantum Chromodynamics as they do for Quantum electrodynamics, except requiring gluons instead of photons.
The inclusion of Gell-Mann's work into the Standard Model would define particle physics up untill the present day, the QCD Lagrangian describes the essential features of quark confinement which result in the Strong Force induced jets of mesons and baryons from quark-antiquark pair production seen in particle accelerators.

[@DrDeuteron]

Gell-Mann drove a busted up subaru with the vanity plate "QUARKS".

[@alvarojosetasconospina3583]

Sabio d las Estrellas..gracias!!!¡¡¡

[@petercollin5670]

Boy. Eugene Levy is a smart guy.

[@Aaron-ni1tf]

+Peter Collin that is hilarious

[@IanLindstrom]

If you haven't read Finnegan's Wake & wish to, beware *spoiler alert* [insert possible joke about wave function collapse here]...otherwise, it's interesting to hear about a piece of history from the man himself.

[@mykulpierce]

I've been contemplating what happens when they are forced out. That they become substrate of space/time itself.

[@ikeabuchi1]

Plausible, The closer they are together the more they behave like free particles.

[@DrDeuteron]

they get dressed.

[@marksea64]

You should contemplate coming out of mom's basement and getting a job.

[@SpotterVideo]

Does the following quantum model agree with the Spinor Theory of Roger Penrose? Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: "A theory that you can't explain to a bartender is probably no damn good." Ernest Rutherford When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. It is almost as if they cannot see the forest for the trees. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone. 1/137 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface A Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting occurs. 720 degrees per twist cycle. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?

[@enlongchiou]

quark can be treated as a property of space itself like chimera beast have down, up quark two head which can not be separated , strange and charm, top and bottom as two another pump up same beast which have different strength(or cosmological constant) , each particle as a tiny dynamic universe oscillate between implosion(as down quark ,negative charge,tensor) and expansion(up quark positive charge, tensor) as hadron, meson have positive and negative quark, lepton have spin as charge which can not be separated.

[@DrDeuteron]

If you don't recognize my avatar, you're not worthy of quarks.

[@RODERICKMOLASAR]

Hmmm, lemme see now: Saturation, Incubation, Illumination, Verification? CORRECT!

[@mattnewhouse1781]

Sorry bad joke......but it sounds like the human reproductive process......even verification on that Murray show on tv (wrong murray, I will def miss this one) with people dancing that their not the daddy.....I just woke up, prob won't seem funny to me in 10 min.....

[@justin_5631]

It's a shame Gell-Mann only thought of his quarks as mathematical and not real objects.

[@akashashen]

The man never heard of, "Spoiler Alert?" What a jerk.

[@pokeman123451]

hmm. muoon rayyyy, o great muon ray, why do you give me this video? he is just rambling