Mussolini and Gentile | "The Doctrine of Fascism" | Philosophers Explained | Stephen Hicks

[@sb3424]

Finally someone who explains fascism fairly and with no normative commentary. I found myself agreeing with some of it and disagreeing with other parts of it. Thank you sir.

[@MacasGamer]

Like me, i do agree with facism in some parts and other don't

[@malu1890]

​@MacasGamer where did it work?

[@klausklaus9112]

👋👋👋 finally a proper video on the subject ... finally a video that actually recognizes the role of Giovanny Gentile and the initial thoughts behind ... Fantastic video !!!

[@StephenHicksPhilosopher]

The 30 in the first series include: 1. Immanuel Kant 2. Plato 3. Galileo Galilei 4. Ayn Rand 5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 6. René Descartes 7. Jean-Paul Sartre 8. Socrates 9. Martin Heidegger 10. Thomas Aquinas 11. Arachne and Athena 12. Aristotle 13. Albert Camus 14. Friedrich Nietzsche 15. John Dewey 16. Sigmund Freud 17. G.W.F. Hegel 18. William James 19. Søren Kierkegaard 20. John Locke 21. Karl Marx 22. John Stuart Mill 23. Thales 24. Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile 25. William Paley 26. C.S. Lewis 27. David Hume 28. John Maynard Keynes 29. Thomas Kuhn 30. George Orwell Full Series playlist: kzbin.info/www/bejne/sF7Og2iFq8pmqqs

[@alyoshazeifman4657]

So underrated. I'm enjoying this lecture!

[@sandorfintor]

Thank You, Professor Hicks!!!

[@kimberleyaxxxx934]

This was excellent! Thank you.

[@marcgrant2225]

Thank you for you help with this difficult topic. I have been reading Payne and about ready to give up. Now I can hopefully do better with that important work.

[@romanyrose4074]

In order to understand Payne you have to understand the French revolution. Payne is very socialist that's why it's hard to read I was expecting the liberalism of the founding fathers and he's not that. He talks about "liberty" not liberty 😊

[@drstrangelove09]

Very interesting! Interesting that they understood that capitalism and classical liberalism tended towards peaceful relations but then embraced war. In that way they were like the Nazis. Also, interesting how they were collectivists (which conforms with what I understood).

[@mulamulelilumadi4717]

It's funny they make those claims but turnaround and blame liberalism for WW1

[@landofthesilverpath5823]

Next, Stephen should do Rudolph Jung's "National Socialism: its Foundations, Development and Goals." And then Spengler's Prussian Socialism.

[@ealdorman5053]

Nicely done

[@ericadler9680]

The fact that Mussolini rejected internationalism doesn't mean that he was a nationalist. In fact he spoke out against nationalism again and again. Hicks should know that if he's studied the subject. Mussolini, like Hitler, was an imperialist, he did not respect other nations' right to their own borders. Nationalism is part of conservatism, it's no part of fascism. Again, Mussolini was not a right-winger, he was a leftist.

[@Will46666]

Why does the original document say that the fascists are on the left, while this one says that they are on the right ? Somewhere around 37:00

[@Will46666]

Because the ONLY authorised translation says “Left”( capitalised), while the digitised online versions say “ “ right” “( uncapitalised and within parentheses ). Or they just completely leave out the section that refers to the left. Interestingly, if you check the Wikipedia entry it uses the doctored digitised version that refers to the right. But they also have a link for the photocopy of the hard copy with the correct wording. You can fake the digitised version, but it’s not so easy with the hard copy. The original Italian version was in the 1932 Enciclopedia Italiana. The authorised translation appears as the last chapter in Mussolini’s 1933 autobiography. The obvious conclusion as to why they do it is to convince people that Mussolini was right wing and not left wing. Personally, it wouldn’t alter my opinion either way if I believed that he said “ right” rather than “ Left”. But a simple lie can tell way more than the truth ever can.

[@Lppt87]

@@Will46666i cant find the link you mentioned. I only found this But it says “destra” in italian, that is right in english. www.geocities.ws/fransavari/DottrinaFasc.pdf

[@Sgtpep123]

@@Will46666fascism is a right wing ideology lmfao. Mussolini at one point was a “leftist” but fascism at its core is right wing

[@Will46666]

@@Sgtpep123 It was NEVER right wing. Fascism was CENTRE LEFT ( The third way). Libertarianism was right wing. Communism was left wing. Just read the doctrine of fascism, or the fascist manifesto. If Mussolini turned to the right, what was the reasoning for the “ Socialist Republic of Italy” that was formed by Mussolini and Hitler just before his death ?

[@Sgtpep123]

@@Will46666 so tell me why italy germany and every other fascist regime disbanded trade unions and massacred communists wherever they were

[@StephanieSoressi]

What about Mussolini's statement that fascism is corporatism or a corporatocracy? That corporations (industries/guilds) should run the state? Are you substituting unions for corporations? Is that what he meant by corporations? I thought industries was what he meant -- and that employers, not workers, should run things. That fascism was subordinating the state to industry.

[@yp77738yp77739]

I know it will open me to criticism, however, I can’t find fault in his thinking. I would feel comfortable in a state with these characteristics, I see those around me as needing order, intrinsically too stupid to be able to manage the freedoms they have been assigned. Like farm animals whom have broken through the farmyard fence and wondering on the highway.

[@klausklaus9112]

... in theory only ... in practice , some animals will always try to bend rules from benefiting the farm to benefiting themselves ... you know , make some animals more equal than others ... It works for bees and ants and such ... but humans are far more greedy and obssessed with power grabbing ...

[@yp77738yp77739]

@@klausklaus9112 Yes, but they do that now anyway too. That is a fixed variable. Take Hitler as an example, with full disclosure that I’m not a historical expert of the third Reich. However, to the best of my knowledge, he didn’t rape the German state of its treasure, his only income was from book sales. So there was nothing intrinsically more corrupt about that regime than current liberal regimes, indeed, if I am correct, they were less corrupt. All I know is that when you look at what was achieved with limited resources, if you forget the genocidal aspects, they were very impressive as a state.

[@Will46666]

And people are too stupid apparently to know exactly when they or their loved ones should live or die. The state would know far better than you or I would. But then, in a fascist state neither my opinion or yours would be of any relevance.

[@yp77738yp77739]

@@Will46666 Of course they are. The elderly and sick are an appalling burden on societies where the state provide health and social care. If the care is from private means then keep them alive as long as you want to. It’s actually selfish of them to burden society and their families. The sick, disabled and the feeble minded carry defective genes that should be eliminated from the societal gene pool. Not suggesting they be euthanised, but they most certainly must be sterilised so they can’t spread the defect. The Japanese had the best strategy, the elderly would ask their progeny to carry them to the mountains to let them die. That’s real kin altruism, by not burdening their families when they no longer make a useful contribution they are increasing the chances of their DNA within their progeny surviving to reproduction. Eugenics is the kindest thing a society can do for the future generations, to move away from it is the height of selfishness.

[@Jgp4xzdmqnmil]

You coulnt even write wandering. You wrote wondering instead so that doesnt say much for your level of education if you cant insert the correct word into your sentance.

[@davidwood5655]

The ant philosophy. We are all ants that function to work for the hive.

[@Lppt87]

But humans aren’t ants. Is unnatural.

[@dwwolf4636]

It's not different from the socialists in anyway.

[@Sgtpep123]

@@dwwolf4636yes it is actually 🤣

[@dwwolf4636]

​@@Sgtpep123Never mind the rhetoric. Look at what they *do* .

[@dwwolf4636]

​@@Sgtpep123Never mind the rhetoric, look at what they *do* .

[@kimberleyaxxxx934]

What if we just look at Fascism as an ideological expression and mechanism of control and power expressed after the fact. This social control model is used and leveraged by a certain type of person on a group of subordinate " sheeple". Hence the suppression of individual life and the expected renunciation of human self, materialism and self happiness. The control mechanism is the Fascist State.

[@kimberleyaxxxx934]

Chicken and egg philosophy I admit.

[@3-methylindole730]

Why « sheeple »?

[@3-methylindole730]

Because of the type of nationalism?

[@kimberleyaxxxx934]

@3-methylindole730 most people are good. And shy away from violence and factors of fear.

[@Rebel-Forces-Earth-007]

I would argue that the "European Left-Right" spectrum of the 1920s - 30s, that Giovanni mentioned in your video at 40: mins is still far Left on the American spectrum of Left and Right, where Classical Liberalism is today a right wing, conservative, centrist, moderate or libertarian platform.

[@nedhill1242]

The reality is left, and right, liberal conservative, in America means something completely different than in Europe and globally. In America, the most far right the most conservative person is still from a global or European perspective extremely liberal. Globally liberalism means the individual individual rights freedom Was conservatism is the Middle East and the way Japan used to be and the way monarchies were. So people on the right in America would actually be liberal from a global perspective because in Europe they’re pretty much all on the left but the conservative groups are your least leftist, and then your socialist or kinda in the middle, and then there’s your communist to the far left. And, of course, fascism is a left audiology and always was because of collectivist because it’s our Arion. The reason people don’t understand these things is because people are not taught how to think. People are not thought how to think critically. People are taught what to believe today. It’s better to teach someone how to think so then they can reason any given situation. But they don’t want you to be able to use reason and logic and critical thinking. They want to spoonfeed you and have you believe exactly what they tell you. So that’s why people believe the things they believe because most people cannot think and be rational and logical and think critically. So they believe everything they’re told. And the left cannot defend communism and socialism will also eventually fail so you can be as people with that short term, but not long-term, so how do you get people to buy into left-wing ideologies? It always fail? By taking a left-wing ideology that is easier to manipulate into people thinking is right wing and make it the big bad bogeyman.

[@Chinas-Hurricane-Gun]

I don't know , the American right-wing is based in the "new right conservatism" of Reagan and Thatcher ( economic liberalism but social authoritarianism ) , not classical liberalism💯 The American right-wing is extremely anti-individualistic socially and culturally, and they demand conformity to the norms of the collective and the traditional hierarchy on things like gender expression , sexual orientation , gender roles , etc. , we're seeing this in America with the right-wing passing rafts of laws eroding individual freedoms like abortion bans , anti-LGBT laws , speech control laws that ban books and ideas like CRT , etc. The European right-wing was also socially authoritarian, but also hadn't adopted economic liberalism yet and preferred economic systems like corporatism ( like conservative Francisco Franco and fascist Mussolini used ) to laissez-faire economics.

[@Will46666]

If you check the ONLY authorised translation of the original document you will see that it reads “ Left” instead of “ “ right” “ . Here they use the word right in quotes. Ask yourself why. Then check out the correct version that you can still get a link to ( a PDF of the actual book) in Wikipedia, underneath the altered ( digitised) version.

[@slyz1758]

Very good video essay, helped me understand fascism outside its contemporary use where it is used to describe individuals like Trump.

[@Kyle-pj2vc]

Gentile is simply a genius.

[@landofthesilverpath5823]

struck by the fact Hicks makes the claim there can be no individualism in fascism. Yet, Gentile says the point is that individuals are only fully actualized via their group belonging in the nation-state. Contrast that with communism, whose goal is to destroy all mediating traditions and institutions of belonging. Family, relgion, race, the nation-state. What is left? The pure individual. Alone, directionless, without history, without purpose, without grounding. Fascism truly is the antidote to communism.

[@SkriptKeeper]

Absolutely.

[@dougsmith8430]

What? A genius of what, a genius of controlling others… This goes completely 180 from what it means to be living in a free society, that you call him a genius, look what I gave Italy it gave Italy Mussolini! I can see you’re a real genius as well.

[@pvybe]

Nice doc…

[@andrewdobson813]

I wonder if we can see the fascist conception of the state as being specifically based in the ideas of nineteenth century Italy with the desire for Italian unity being based on nostalgia for the powerful Roman state of the ancient world?

[@Axolotl_olive]

"Make America Great"- Benito Mussolini- 1927 Brooklyn speech at the American-Nazi Bund.

[@erdemir5641]

Sure you've got enough adverts?

[@nedhill1242]

KZbin controls that. Get Premium and there are no commercials.

[@malu1890]

Someone said Gentile was genius. They are basically saying Mussolini is a genius and Mao is a genius...... "geniuses" of evil. I dont find anyone that evil a genius.

[@drscott1]

👍🏼

[@diarmaitmaccerbaill3219]

😀

[@richard-fy2mu]

Curious Mussolini talks of religion but himself was agnostic. We see left vs right in America but the distinction between Communism and Fascism are less than that great. Given my choice, individualism, sovereigntism, and economic freedom are the only hope of man.

[@Dayda-7]

The Catholic church had a lot of hold on the people, so he used the church, and they went along with it,but he got rid of the mafia and the trains ran on time.....or did he replace the mafia 😮

[@drunkdriver]

Whenever someone uses the word fascism to accuse something or someone of far right extremism I am going to link this video for educational purposes.