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NAT and PAT are both networking technologies used in computer networks, particularly in the context of internet connectivity and network address translation.
NAT, which stands for Network Address Translation, is a technique that allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address when connecting to the internet. It works by translating the private IP addresses used on the local network into a single public IP address that is routable on the internet. This helps conserve public IP addresses, as well as provide an added layer of security by hiding the internal network structure from the outside world.
PAT, which stands for Port Address Translation, is a variation of NAT that adds port numbers to the translation process. With PAT, multiple devices on a private network can share a single public IP address, but each device is assigned a unique port number. The combination of the public IP address and the port number allows incoming traffic to be correctly routed to the appropriate device on the private network.
In summary, NAT is a technique that allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address, while PAT extends NAT by including port numbers to enable multiple devices to use the same public IP address simultaneously. Both NAT and PAT are commonly used in home and business networks to provide internet connectivity to multiple devices with limited public IP addresses.