Navigation in Space, Sizes of Black Holes and Planet 9 | Q&A 178

[@AlaskaB83]

11:23 a spot-on description of the Dunning-Kruger effect. Interesting how we all reach a point with certain topics when we realize we know less than we think.

[@Chris.Davies]

No. If you are aware of Dunning-Kruger effect you can avoid it entirely.

[@cynvision]

OMG. I totally forgot WolframAlpha existed after using it briefly in 2009. And now I know why astronomers are so interested in Gamma ray bursts because it could lead to finding orbiting black holes near us. For the most part I think of a TED Talk about why life is here that put it that we are the most unlikely world ever. So many unlikely things happened that life adapted to survive to this point. Which could also fit in with what you say about impending doom. We are one of those special places for self-aware life, until we are also hit with the most unlikely natural event we could ever think of... looking at our location from passing car windows.

[@crowtrobot313]

Thanks for answering my black hole question! That website is pretty awesome, looking forward to diving into it. Keep up the great work.

[@frasercain]

Thanks, glad you're enjoying it!

[@AndrewHewson]

@@frasercain I thought it was Mass, Spin, and Charge are the only things you can know about a Black Hole?

[@gzbd0118]

@@AndrewHewson Yes, charged black holes are a theoretical possibility, but astrophysical black holes quickly neutralise any charge they might have by attracting and absorbing particles of the opposite charge.

[@nobody6546]

@@frasercain 👏👍🏆 F.C.!! MY QUESTION: up to today- with all the Incredible instruments using many Varieties of Science & Techniques- Consider OUR “ Periodic Table “ of Elements? Have we Discovered or Guess-I-mated OTHER ELEMENTS besides the ones we know?? Out THERE , in the Universe of so-titled ‘ Endless Possibilities’? Or is it finite? The Answer Could possibly narrow down WHAT Type of Planets/ Systems/ Galaxies List to Explore seeking “ Life “?? I mean: Any NEW: Protons circled by a # of Electrons held/ binding together by Attraction/ Repulsion and the Constant( known formula ) of the Laws of Gravity?? Love to know! At least would Other-Life definitely have to be Composed of what elements & laws we are aware of?- or could there SOMEWHERE in our Known Universe Exists “ a Super Intelligent Shade-of-Blue “? ?an Entire Race populating a Planet the size of a Golf Ball? God Bless. 👴🏼NoBody. ( as you could surmise already; I’m a Big Fan of Douglas Adams “Hitchhiker Guide to the Galaxy “!! 😂 🤦🏽‍♂️)

[@MeijndertMotorsport]

Helle Fraser, love your show, watch it every week. QUESTION: If we would travel to other solar systems, or even other galaxies, would we likely find other/new periodic elements? Or would every element be fairly homogenous across the universe?

[@MeijndertMotorsport]

@@Joe-li3zj i sure did! Thanks!

[@carlossaraiva8213]

The same elements exists everywhere in the universe. The good news is you can make beer from any place in the universe. I find that very hearting. Imagine what an hell of an universe would be without beer.

[@MeijndertMotorsport]

@@carlossaraiva8213 🤣🤣🤣👍🏻

[@DrVictorVasconcelos]

Any elements that may be formed beyond the ones we know will be too unstable--think nanoseconds of half-life; elements are defined by their number of protons, and we already know all of them up to a number high enough that atoms have trouble keeping. In fact, the newest ones we know had to be created under specific laboratory conditions, we can't just find them in nature close by. However, we do find known elements in states that scientists a century ago could only dream of. For instance, we know that underneath those 3 thousand km of clouds, Jupiter consists of metallic hydrogen, a type of hydrogen submitted to such pressure that the hydrogen's proton loses its connection to its electron, resulting in a material where electrons are free to flow and conduct electricity--a characteristic that we find in the metallic bonds of the elements the average person would consider to be metals. Also, many different forms of ice aren't found on Earth. We currently know of 19 forms of ice, and most of the ice found on Earth is hexagonal crystalline ice, type 1h. Funnily enough, ice 1h isn't thought to be common elsewhere in the universe (though your definition of "common" has to be flexible; even though we estimate that only 0.0013% of the planets on Milky Way are likely to be close in characteristics to Earth, that still makes up 4 billion planets). At the very least, it's certainly not common elsewhere in the solar system, except maybe on Jupiter's moon Io, since 1h ice can usually be found near vulcanoes.

[@jean-pierrejulien409]

Ununpentium (element 115) is already there...

[@clwho4652]

The answer to the Fermi Paradox is simple: Worlds where intelligent life could evolve are rare (though given the size of the galaxy that doesn't mean much), on worlds where intelligent life could evolve, intelligence is rare, and when intelligent life does evolve it is rare that they develop a civilization. Some will respond that any intelligent life would eventually develop a civilization. We don't know that, it is possible that early civilization might have more disadvantages than advantages leading most intelligence to abandon civilization. It may be only in a few environmental conditions that a civilizations can survive long enough to develop the tools to make civilization more practical. This is the, currently, most logical explanation and thus, currently, best.

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

01:25f: > _The actual black hole inside the event horizon ... it could be tiny ..._ What you mean here by "the actual black hole" is rather the actual body or whatever is remaining from it. What I'd refer to as the black hole itself is the inner part of the body's gravitational field, i.e. the entire region from the event horizon inwards since its outer border which _is_ the event horizon is no physical surface but rather a thought one like any equipotential surface. This is why it's called a "hole" in the first place.

[@0ldred]

Hi. Not related to your space journalism. But I would love to see some updates on you new home build! Is it all ICF?

[@agustin.8]

I love the channel upgrades in regards to backgrounds and miniatures ✨😁 really cool..

[@frasercain]

Oh great, that’s all Anton

[@timholmes8395]

My theory for a long time is that supermassive black holes take in matter and energy and at the singularity convert it into dark energy and dark matter, because it has a massive gravitational effect and absorbs light are at least two common traits in common with black holes

[@bbbenj]

I loved this show as questions were a bit more complex than usual.

[@sac3528]

Are there any planets we've identified that are in a position where they could see us by transit/radial velocity?

[@Yora21]

I believe there are a few, but I don't know anything else about them. Would also love to hear more on that.

[@THIS---GUY]

Quickly becoming my favourite regular youtube content

[@zapfanzapfan]

The bar at the center of the galaxy, where you can grab a pint before going to the restaurant at the end of the universe 🙂

[@Yora21]

That damn car is going to really confuse some future astronomers. "Yeah, it's in our catalog of artificial objects. For some reason, some people thousands of years ago, thought it made sense to launch a ground vehicle into space. I think there's an article about it's origin somewhere in the database."

[@Dr.Wael.Alrifai]

Hi Fraser, I love everything you do! Q: Can we assume that the heavier elements we find on earth were all formed in stars within the milky way galaxy or some were formed in other galaxies? I am wondering if some of the iron in my blood was once in another galaxy!

[@KevinCurryRacing]

According to science you are star stuff all the way down to every bit of your dna

[@TommySaucierPlourde0]

«The cosmos is within us. We are made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself» -Carl Sagan

[@kadourimdou43]

If a Neutron star was spinning near maximum speed possible, would it be able to be more massive than its Schwarzschild radius.

[@Gotenham]

If we shot two perfect lasters parallel to each other, would they diverge or diffuse over a large enough distance due to the expansion of space?

[@Yora21]

That's an amazing question! I want to know more about that.

[@NoNameAtAll2]

diffraction would be a much bigger problem...

[@JROD082384]

They would remain parallel forever. Space is expanding faster than those photons can reach a “convergence or divergence point”.

[@nobody6546]

🎯👏👍! Great Question!! All I know for sure is that the only other 2 things that Travels as Fast as the Speed Light & can go On & On forever : Bad News, and Gossip. But I think as a BLACK HOLE isn’t a HOLE, but Round- so IF you believe EXISTENCE Began at 1 Point ( Bang!) and then Expanded out- is stands to reason the “ Universe “ would follow that ROUND SHPERE concept too. Death & Taxes! God Bless. NRN. 👴🏼NoBody.

[@nobody6546]

@@JROD082384 🎯🎯🎯 ! Great answer!

[@drabbitdoorstop]

Hi Fraser. Thanks for all your podcasts! Why is titan so different to all the other moons in terms of the abundance of hydrocarbons? Everything else at that distance seems either rocky (e.g. Io), or icy (e.g. Enceladus) or both icy and rocky! Is it in some sort of moon equivalent of a goldilocks zone where, given its size, it can have all these hydrocarbons present?

[@geoffsharp2436]

The problem with Planet 9 is that what ever is perturbing the orbits beyond Neptune it cant be part of our solar system (orbiting the Sun). If it was its mass would perturb the Sun which follows a known path around the SSB.

[@dustman96]

I think it would be quite "easy" to control the position of a dyson sphere. It could even be done mechanically by moving reflective or absorptive materials to control the radiation pressure at any point on the sphere.

[@revenevan11]

Yeah, combine those methods with the use of active support and even a rigid structure isn't impossible. I was dissatisfied with several of his answers this episode, very unusual but he was wrong on several counts.

[@ThomasCone]

Hi Fraser avid fan and long time listener I tune in every week and really enjoy your channel. Keep up the great work. Q: When it comes to terraforming is it easier to heat up a planet or cool it down? When it comes to Mars it seems like alot of effort would go in to thicken up the atmosphere for it to be habitable to only get blown away by the solar wind. Would Venus have the same issue if we ever could cool it down? To me Venus is always overlooked as a potential candidate for habitation. What are your thoughts? Thanks :)

[@IDoNotLikeHandlesOnYT]

The issue of atmosphere that we add to Mars getting blown away is a non-issue in the short term. It would take millions of years to lose it again, even with no solar wind shielding of any kind. We have lots of time to figure out how to make a good magnetosphere. Kurzgesagt has a good video on how to terraform Venus relatively easily. Also, the atmosphere of Venus is already habitable for Earth life: there's an altitude at which the pressure and temperature are both Earthlike, and, as a bonus, Earth air is a lifting gas there. Look at HAVOC (High Altitude Venus Operational Concept), for example.

[@d.m.m.3383]

Hi Fraser! Does Mars have a calendar with days, weeks, and months? If not, are there proposals to establish one?

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

There is. It's called the Darian calendar: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darian_calendar

[@loomysh]

@26:30 - you didn't mention that there is a possibility that we live in a simulation (like in a game - you can't step out of the game's programming)

[@IshijimaKairo]

Would be pretty fun, *2* megastructures instead of 1!

[@MichelleHell]

If we recreate the big bang under the exact starting conditions of our universe, we'd be our own filter but also our own creator. We make ourselves and we annihilate ourselves, and we cannot ever know that this is the truth. That's actually quite profound, and a possibility that never gets explored in these thought experiments.

[@joesample2176]

Check out Roger Penrose's CCC theory... It may provide another perspective for your consideration.

[@tonybrantley]

Wow some things explained where I could actually understand it .

[@terlik3537]

Ok, as I understand radius of the event horizon can be calculated. How about the shape of the event horizon. Is it perfect sphere, or oblate spheroid? Rotation couses the objects (sun, earth saturn etc) become oblate spheroid. Since one of the knowen property of the black hole is rotation, I am expecting to be oblete spheroid. If it is the case for event horizon shape might tell some tale. Someting might like where the mass in the event horizon. What do you thing?

[@echofloripa]

Mylkway having a bar in the middle,, to get some beer, that would be great 😁🌟🍺

[@sharonneedlesfreedomsnotfr813]

-Hey frasier I’ve tried askin this before but to no avail..my question is given that mercury and Venus have orbits closest to the sun why can we view Venus in our nighttime sky..that shouldn’t ever be should it-

[@hodor3024]

5:47 everyone knows the ACTUAL way to map the milky way is to run a line through sun and galactic center, add another line through the galactic center perpendicular to the first line. counter-clockwise: alpha, beta, gamma, delta quadrants, with the sun sitting at the boundary of alpha and beta quadrants.

[@VegetaAFH]

That’s the only Milky Way galaxy known.

[@birdsandthingsbeachandbush1064]

Oh, yeah I knew that, derr

[@scotleach1410]

Hey, Fraser Cain Sr. my question is; how many shifts into the infrared can webb see .? Thank you Scot leach From; gigharbor washington

[@davidbegone3577]

Thank you Fraser, for providing such wonderful content. I got lucky and stumbled onto to your KZbin show. You may have answered this question in another episode but, I was wondering if the JWST detects Bio-Signatures from any extrasolar planets, how quickly will NASA launch multiple probes/satellites to further investigate the evidence?

[@alwaysdisputin9930]

BH size depends on how big the event horizon is, which in turn depends on how much energy is needed to escape the BH's gravity = PE = GMm/r if that PE converts into KE, then GMm/r = ½mv² => 2GM/v² = r to escape you'd need to be going at the speed of light => 2GM/c² = r = the Scwarzchild radius = the distance from the event horizon to the ?Singularity?

[@liviu-dantimar9492]

Hi Fraser. Just a quick follow-up question to crowtrobot313 about 'sizing black holes': mass, spin, but can we also infer their 'magnetic bubble of influence'? ( : Thank you! : )

[@ReidMerrill]

Does a black hole's spin affect it's even horizon size?

[@sciencerscientifico310]

Outside of extra dragging of spacetime, I don't think much is affected by a black hole spinning vs one that's not spinning.

[@thatguy7595]

@@sciencerscientifico310 Technically a black hole with angular momentum has more energy so its horizon would be larger, but the effect is small compared to the mass itself.

[@diaman_d]

there could have been a protostar, humongous in size, that went supernova and its debris condensed into our known universe . So many possibilities. Everything seems to shrink in size the more time passes.

[@microschandran]

Hi Fraser, can James WEbb Telescope image Omuamua as it is leaving our solar system?

[@JimHendrickson]

Ah, I'm not the only one that uses Wolfram-Alpha to calculate the sizes of black hole event horizons. That's probably accounts for 50% of my Wolfram-Alpha use. The other half is a random assortment of finding Moon phases for dates well into the past or future, sun/moon rise/set times, and for getting a a quick and easy to visualize quantity for whenever I encounter large quantities of odd units like 10 million gallons or 10 million acres.

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

I think using wolframalpha for such is a bit like using a sledgehammer to crack a nut since this calculation is utterly simple due to the proportionality.

[@nimismie]

I know some people, who aren't interested about space and that's OK. But they also think, that space and all the research and technology related to it doesn't really affect their everyday life that much. It's just out there, why bother thinkin about it... Can you make some kind of Top 10 list about all the space stuff and technology that "ordinary people" take for granted?

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

I would guess GPS would be pretty high up on that list, and perhaps even higher mapping of resources from satellites, not knowing stuff like that is almost tragic

[@peterbarratt8699]

There are 2 problems with the Dyson sphere idea. 1) Where are the resources going to come from to build it in the first instant. 2) CMEs would destroy the construction in very quick time. 😁

[@mariusdienel5765]

Hi fraiser, follow-up question the the great filter topic: Could a gamma ray burst be strong enough to wipe out all life. Or is life on the far side of the planet well enough protected to survive?

[@frasercain]

It couldn't wipe out all life, but it could set life back significantly.

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

The damage a GRB wold cause is less the direct one than that done to Earth's atmosphere, I think.

[@faarsight]

The problem with hiding is also that you can't really mask the signs your planet already sent out at the speed of light 100s or millions of years ago that show it contains a nascent civilization or complex life.

[@gpaul8062]

If a black hole is just that, a hole how does it have mass at all?

[@alexisdespland4939]

how did they tell which way is galactic north. would a normal compass still point to galactic north once you are in deep space.

[@auyemra1331]

Question. was watching a previous Q&A and someone asked if we sent a probe into a black hole, could we receive data. which got me thinking if we did have .. say a space station orbiting a black hole. in the closest stable orbit, and then sent a probe to the black hole, how long would it take for the station to receive readable data?

[@MrT------5743]

Once it crossed the event horizon, we will no longer get data from it. Now what I would wonder is how time dilation would affect that signal. Because it is getting closer and closer and spaghettification would start to happen, the probe would probably stop functioning long before it goto the event horizon.

[@earlyhilgerson4964]

Question at what point does the matter falling into a black hole reach a state of equilibrium that is the spin it's sufficient to counteract the pool of gravity and is that related to determining the Event Horizon of the black hole or am I full of it

[@johnbecker683]

What if the Dyson sphere was spinning.

[@Bergmaniator]

Guten Tag, Fraser. Has there ever been any serious inquiries on the potential of genetic engineering for the future of space travel? Ultramelanin to protect from space cancer, micro-g adapted DNA enzymes, a chill hibernation mode to make the journey a bit more relaxing, maybe even a cool tentacle or two for dramatic effect. also what's your favorite dinosaur

[@NoNameAtAll2]

physicists like to say "there's no universal frame or reference", pointing to speed of light being same everywhere but I learned that we do measure definite speed of us relative to microwave background does that mean that we kinda do have frame of reference to measure everything to?

[@cliffwebb1]

As i understand it one of Mars satellites will eventually fall. Would this not prevent any project to terraform Mars? Cliff Webb

[@TheMasterashton]

Hey Fraser my question is: Say someone was in a spaceship that could travel 20% the speed of light and was heading to Alpha Centauri. But along the way they saw a rock going 30% the speed of light. Would his shoes still be white?

[@NoBody-qm3vy]

A black hole is an object with an angular momentum that has exceeded the speed of light. The event horizon is a barrier that is expelling all light.

[@rabindramishra00]

Thanks Fraser, love your videos! Can Astronomers and Scientists come together and coin new terms for the likes of “Big Bang”, “Black Hole”, “Dark Energy”, “Dark Matter”. I think these existing terms cause more confusion than explain things. May be “Inception Point”, “Infinite Gravity”, “Unknown Energy” maybe?

[@thatguy7595]

I think they're fine once you get to know them. Big Bang is a specific theory, not the inception point of the universe. Gravity of black holes is still finite. Unknown energy is too generic of a term.

[@Yora21]

Astronomers and particle physicists are the the undisputed masters of making up random words on the fly and then continue using them for the next century. I've often been wondering if quantum physics would be easier to understand if it didn't use terms that already have classical meanings. "Strange quark" and "charm quark" might be the best named particles, because the words really have no meaning in themselves.

[@tmo_ls3895]

Hey Fraser, great video as always. After the calibration of the mirrors and other tests. Has NASA announced JWST's first mission?

[@geneticjen9312]

Please note that the event horizon isn't the visible shadow you see in these images. The big dark region is considerably larger than the event horizon itself

[@dropshot1967]

If planet 9 was a micro black hole it could be detected by the gravitational lensing effect it would have on the light of stars it passed in front of. You would basically see a trajectory through the sky of distant stars that briefly flash as their light is shortly magnified by the gravity lens of that micro black hole as it passes in front of them. If I remember right, that is one of the ways some of the astronomers looking for planet 9 are looking for it. Edit: As for the Dyson sphere being held in place by the solar wind. That could maybe work with a Dyson cloud and its individual components. for a ring or balloon-like structure, I feel that would become problematic since the sun is not evenly blasting out solar wind in all directions. If for example, a CME takes place then for a short period in the direction of that CME the solar wind would push the entire structure in that direction and that side of the structure would move further away from the sun. That would also mean that the opposite side would move closer to the sun. Now the part that is further away, experiences less gravity and the part closer to the sun experiences more gravity. So that creates an imbalance. I am not sure the increase in solar wind on the closest part and the decrease of the wind on the further away part would be enough to balance the gravitational forces. But I am not an astronomer or physicist. For more information, Isaac Arthur does a fairly extensive walkthrough of the pros and cons of a solid Dyson sphere versus a Dyson Cloud

[@Yora21]

I would say "probably". But to do that, you'd have to be able to pinpoint it's location very precisely so you can point a telescope exactly at it.

[@derivious2012]

What percentage of the milkyway has had its stars catalogued

[@odysseus5872]

Lagrange points. Lagrange points? Lagrange points! How about Lagrange points?! Can you answer more questions about Lagrange points?

[@rickyderoock9821]

Hi Fraser, considering all your knowledge about the universe, do you think the creation of all of it is a coincidence or do you believe in some form of higher power or a creator?

[@frasercain]

I have no idea. There isn't enough evidence to form a concrete opinion.

[@BoycottGoogleTotally]

Planet X must be Black hole .... Science has found a black hole about 1600 LY to Earth .... Who knows there is another nearer than that near Pluto ????.... I'll be amazed

[@Daalington]

Imagine turning up at the Milky Way and there's no bar :( Possible Fermi paradox solution? :0

[@MrRussiancoma]

Fraiser, you can measure mass, spin, AND CHARGE!

[@HebaruSan]

I have Starman bookmarked in Stellarium; right now it's about 2.46 AU from us in the general direction of Mercury.

[@philipyoung7034]

There are several sites that track the Tesla Roadster. Just search for "where is Starman today". I like the one at spaceIn3d. At the time of this video, April 2022, Starman was approaching perihelion, 1 AU from the Sun, in conjunction. Starman's aphelion is 249 million km (155 million miles)

[@adzaaahhh]

Is the bar through the centre of the galaxy like the Restaurant at the End of the Universe?

[@akshayb9798]

Hey Fraser, how do we calculate the mass of a blackhole?

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

From the speeds of stars etc. which orbit it.

[@NoNameAtAll2]

what's the closest location that we definitely know where dark matter is? like, we know most galaxies have it and so does Milky Way, but do we know where exactly? the only time I hear calculation of dark matter position is about gravitational lensing of far away galaxy cluster is there anything closer?

[@DarkJK]

How about shooting up a bunch of webbscopes in the same Lagrange point as Webb? Should get some good views;)

[@rodneyjensen5148]

What is the size of the event horizon at the centre of our galaxy? What does that size equate to in terms of mass?

[@Yora21]

The mass is 4,154,000 times the mass of the sun. Since the only thing you need to know to calculate the radius of the event horizon is the mass, we can just put that number into the equation and get 12,270,000 km, or 0.8 Astronomical Units. That is big, but if you put it in the place of the sun, the event horizon would not even be a quarter to the distance of Mercury.

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

Fraser, when we say that, in the beginning, the universe was full of energy, what kind of energy was that?

[@Yora21]

One of the consequences of E=mc2 and the third law of thermodynamics is that all energy is ultimately the same, and one form can be transformed into any other. I believe very, very early on, nanoseconds after the big bang, energy would just have been "energy", with no differentiation between different types.

[@elck3]

Maybe we don’t see von Neumann probes because they are hard to detect? If you were to look in the solar system, are we able to resolve an object that’s sitting on an asteroid, for example, from Earth based telescopes?

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

There is one aspect with black holes i think is never adressed, for some strange reason, we learn that particles are destroyed in black holes, and there is theories about gravity is 'emitted' from graviton particles, well, first question, how come they are not destroyed in black holes? Does it prove gravitons do not exist? And then, perhaps, there is actually some processes going on in a black hole and gravitons eventually are destroyed in the black hole and that is what we see as a 'big bang'?

[@HPA97]

With the expansion of the universe would it be possible to witness a galaxy go from being barely visible to not visible over the course of a short time frame, i.e. a day, week, month or a year (Basically it is no longer part of the observable universe)?

[@Yora21]

I would assume it's like something falling through an event horizon, becoming infinitely dimmer over time but not going from "there" to "not there" at a specific point. But I'm really not sure. Would love to hear more on that as well.

[@qpwodkgh2010]

I have not watched this recording yet. But, I can answer this. The short answer is NO. The long answer is NO FREAKING WAY! Black holes come in two distinct versions that we know of. Supermassive and stellar sized black holes (primordial and medium have not been verified). If the latter was out there, that would be a gravitational size larger than our Sun, by several times.

[@PrincessTS01]

the schwarzschild radius should be used more often to describe the size of a black hole. G = rc²/2m

[@Yora21]

It's a bit redundant in science, because it doesn't tell you anything new that you don't already know if you have it's mass.

[@FeldhaseAPB]

Hey :) Considering somebody invented numbers..How come physics and math make sense and things can be correctly quantified e.g. gravity or mass

[@sciencerscientifico310]

8:19 - Planet X may as well be a black hole given that we're having so much trouble finding the damn thing!!

[@rustymustard7798]

Could we redirect a potentially hazardous comet or asteroid over the long term by changing it's albedo? I've often wondered about detonating a cloud of carbon black or titanium dioxide white 'paint' in an object's path and letting solar photon pressure do the work of altering the orbit over time. Ion thrusters put out a thrust something like a sheet of paper, could we get a similar effect from making an asteroid brighter and nudging it to a different orbit?

[@frasercain]

Yes, this idea has been proposed as a way to change asteroid orbits.www.wired.com/2013/02/painting-asteroids/

[@DormantIdeasNIQ]

I have been saying for a while that the injection of unknowns in (astro)physics, like arbitrary constants, dark energy, dark matter, ... so that the math can be made to compute - (for example)on galaxies not flying apart - is a not such a good way to resolve issues. For one, it is now known that all galaxies have a massive black-hole in their center... seems that would be the answer to why galaxies even exist and are held under control via that gravitational influence. The process seems to follow the flat equatorial phenomenon seen in all space systems. Moreover the kinetics that gives the electrical Universe its structure are known to answer the great majority of conundrums faced without injections of constants. The magnetic fields in this infinite soup do show to concentrate and increase on matter space objects. Regardless of the size of matter, it seeks itself and clumps until large objects result. The more gravity the more clumping, the more control on nearby objects.

[@kennethrichardson1065]

1-1 = 0, that's where the Universe came from.

[@nobody6546]

🎯👏👍 K.R.! But IF you Really want to know Where the Universe came from? Just ask Any 17yr old, Snot-Nosed, Know-it-All Teen. After they will insult you with “… Like Duuuh , REALLY!?! “, They’ll tell you. Probably also tell you COW-FARTS will eventually kill all Earth Life too. I like your 1-1=0 analogy though! Never gave any credence to the ‘ we know WHEN the Big Bang occurred’ theory. Could also END in a ‘ Gnag Gib ‘ too! God Bless. No Reply Necessary. 👴🏼NoBody.

[@chrisryans9199]

If a black hole evaporates with hawking radiation does it lose mass? If it loses mass would it not at some point have less mass then what is needed to hold in the light no longer being a black hole?

[@anthonynonya]

If you could stick a pole into the event horizon, could you poke the black hole, and could you pull the pole back out?

[@frasercain]

No, the pole would be torn apart at an atomic level.

[@strongholdold4777]

The universe was spoken into existence by God. After the explosion of time and the space then the big bang occurred.

[@Chris.Davies]

If planet 9 were a black hole, it could not mass less than 3 times our sun, and hence everything in the system would orbit around it. So, Betteridge's law of Headlines is obeyed: ALL closed questions in titles have the answer of "NO!"

[@screwb1882]

The fermi paradox is kind of dumb. Our detection radius for life is pretty minimal.

[@Yora21]

The only thing dumber in popular astronomy is the Kardachev scale. Fermi's Question has a very simple answer. "We don't see them, because they would be very far away, and we can't see very far." And if there is an answer - any possible answer - there's no paradox. Kardachev wasn't making any predictions about what advanced civilizations are likely to look like. He was only asking "under what conditions would we even be able detect them?" And since he apparently knew the answer to Fermi's question, his solution was "under completely ridiculous conditions". Actually, since Kardachev proposed what kinds of civilizations we would be able to detect, and we don't see any, would prove that they don't exist.

[@screwb1882]

@@Yora21 it would be highly improbable for us to be able to detect a clone of earth 50 lightyears out. I don't think these pop sci journalist understand how difficult it is. People who hype up the Fermi paradox as if its a real thing are doing the equivalent of taking a random thimble of water from the ocean and claiming there are no fish in the ocean because there was none in the thimble.

[@nibiruresearch]

Planet 9 is not so far away from our sun, but it moves slowly now in its eccentric orbit. Planet 9 is surrounded by a huge cloud of dust and asteroids. That's why it seems invisible. That cloud is spiraled according to ancient knowledge. It looks like LL Pegasi and it should be in the same direction as that spiral. This planet is known on the Earth for thousands, maybe even millions of years. Only present day scientists seem to know nothing about it because they ignore ancient sources. Planet 9 is not only interesting for astronomers, but also for historians, geologists, paleontologists, archaeologist and theologists. Planet 9 is part of the world history and more specific, the history of mankind. The last time that planet 9 was seen from the earth with the naked eye during daytime is just before our era. Ancient knowledge tells us the orbit of that planet and where it should be hiding. The crossing of this planet through its perihelion in the asteroid belt causes disasters on the Earth. Known as "the end of times" or "Noah's Flood". To learn much more about the cycle of recurring floods, the recreation of civilizations and its timeline and ancient high technology, read the eBook: "Planet 9 = Nibiru". You can read it nicely on any computer, tablet or smartphone. Search for: invisible nibiru 9

[@mrbamfo5000]

It seems the reason we're not seeing anyone out there is distance. We know that at least once in the universe it took 4B ish years to get intelligent life. So on just the assumption that we're more likely to be the norm, than to be an outlier. The majority of intelligent life would have started when their star systems hit about 4B years old. We can see for about 13B light years so if those farthest stars had intelligent life start at 4B years old, that would have been about 9B years ago. The light from the time of those civilizations would still have 4B years to get here. And since those galaxies are still speeding up, we'll never see them. The distances are so great, that even with powerful telescopes we're still seeing what the universe looked like in the past, not the present. I'd think there could be many like aged star systems in our galaxy that have intelligent life, but they may only be slightly ahead or behind us. But they could be 20K light years away.

[@Luceq]

If planet 9 ends up being a (planetary mass) black hole I will adhere to the simulation theory. What are the odds that our particular solar system has a perfect setup for interstellar domination?

[@Yora21]

The staticians correct answer would be: "If we have one, the odds for there being one is 100%."

[@PrincessTS01]

if JWST can find planet 9, we will figure out if it's a primordial black hole. I wonder if JWST can see nearby stuff, or is it just deep space, what kind of range will it provide?

[@Yora21]

I think Fraser said that it can also be used to look at objects in the solar system, not just ultra deep space.

[@BalsamicWater]

QUESTION. When a black hole swallows another body it’s event horizon and mass increases so surely information must be preserved what am I missing? Why is there a paradox ? Thanks

[@Yora21]

The information would still be there. But it would be inside the event horizon together with the mass and energy. Completely inaccessible to the outside universe. And for some reason, the theory about information includes that it must always be accessible to the entire universe. Apparently.

[@BalsamicWater]

@@Yora21 I thought the issue was that information can’t be destroyed and that’s where I’m confused because surely it’s preserved if the black whole grows when mass is added to it even if you can’t access it.

[@PeytonBoulineau-Nylander-cz3bq]

Can you tell me about Gaia bh3

[@newmzy0]

black holes: Mass, Spin (whatever that means for an infinitely dense point) and CHARGE. Three things not two.

[@Yora21]

Technically correct. (The best kind of correct.) But since a charged black hole would have a stronger attraction on particles with opposing charge, and a weaker attraction to particles with opposite charge, that initial charge would eventually become neutralized as matter is pulled in. While every black hole does have a charge, I believe it would be undetectably small given the black hole's mass. In theory (and actually), black holes do have three traits. In practice, only two of them are meaningful.

[@newmzy0]

@@Yora21 what about black hole spin? I have never understood how an infinitely dense singularity can have any meaningful spin. Do we mean the spacetime around it spins? Or the singularity itself spins?

[@Yora21]

@@newmzy0 Singularities break our normal understanding of logic. Singularities happen when you divide by zero or divide by infinity. They are something that happens in the math, but nobody understands what that actually would mean in reality. Which is one of the reasons why many people have doubt that there actually is a singularity in the center of a black hole. But to have an event horizon, you would not actually have to have a singularity. All that matters for the event horizon is that the mass is *somewhere* inside the Schwarzschild radius. How that matter is arranged and distributed inside the event horizon is not clear. But it would not instantly teleport from the event horizon to the singularity (if there even is one). It still has to travel that distance, which will take some time. During that time, all the mass between the event horizon and the singularity would be spinning incredibly fast. As I understand it, a non-spinning black hole is only a theoretical object. In reality, all black holes would be spinning. A perfectly symmetrical collapse just wouldn't happen.

[@donaldtank]

There is a filter that makes it makes it not possible for for a civilization to be able to be able to go in space because of lack of certain minerals on their planet to be able to create create the cities in lifestyle that we have

[@robbieburris2333]

There's not enough Mass to be able to build a dicein spear in the solar system

[@derivious2012]

Fairly sure if you have the tech to make a dyson sphere you could manually control its position ie thrusters, anti matter drives etc.

[@Yora21]

Sarcastic reply: "If you start with space magic as your problem, there's no reason space magic can't solve it."

[@michaelpettersson4919]

I imagine some future space travellers running into Musk's Tesla, then confused take a deep dive into historical records to find out what it is before finally noticed that they have been trolled by history.

[@websurfer352]

The question to answer is wether a 10 earth mass planet is capable of tilting the entire solar system by 6 degrees?? And you’ll have a probable answer to the question!! If it was a black hole it would not be glowing with a reddish hue until it begins feeding.

[@billcook4768]

We know where planet nine is. Look up where Charon is and you’ll find planet nine right next to it :)

[@richwrightrocks]

Mr. Cain. I'm wondering what your thoughts are on extending human life until cures are created for their ailments or just to live a longer life if you feel like you're out of your element and shouldn't be born yet till weigh in the future. For like Savant or extremely intelligent people not just the rich. By accelerating close to the speed of light or as fast as we can safely. The consensus is the faster you go the more you could slow down time like people that work on Commercial aircrafts for example. At the end of their lives Pilots and flight attendants end up hours younger than everyone else on the planet. Lets expand on that to the limits of our technology. If you looked at a clock and went away from that clock at the speed of light it would appear to be standing still. So if you went faster than the speed of light ,-(which is possible. We've seen planets flung out of galaxies going a million miles an hour.) you'd be able to turn the clock backwards. At any rate. Using that theory and thought process would it be pertinent to try to fly fast around the Sun in a Time Stretcher Station ©. That's a phrase I've coined for a space station that stretches time. In efforts to stretch human lifespans 100 times or more. By simply adjusting the angle of orbit to speed up more and more as you go around the Sun would that create a situation where it would give you a hundred or possibly a thousand or more times a human lifespan? Could you come back to earth occasionally on scheduled visits for progress reports and exchange notes an of course check updates on medical advances for people on board the TSS-( Time Stretcher Station ©) waiting for cures to their diseases? Does that seem feasible to you? What do you think?

[@frasercain]

I'd like to live forever, so I'm all for it.

[@psycronizer]

Dyson Sphere's are absurd, the amount of matter needed to make even one ring would far exceed all the planets matter combined...

[@BoycottGoogleTotally]

Yeah and thats why it's mostly thought to exist around lil white dwarfs stars after they go through red giant stage