Negative Leaders Initiating From Positive Leaders -- Lightning Science

Time/location of flash: 5/22/24 4:39:11 UTC in southern Brown county, WI
Technical summary:
This is a cloud flash that I captured in 1000 frames per second that shows a negative leader tree spawning from a positive leader tree. Current understanding is that this happens when the negative ends of recoil leaders "break away" from established channels and then form new channels. Here, this process appears to be a bit more complex. The negative leaders appear to initiate spontaneously and then subsequently re-ionize several decayed positive leaders. No luminosity is visible in that portion of the lightning flash in the frame prior to negative leader initiation, however there is a small V-shaped illumination two frames prior and involving the section of the flash where the negative leaders initiated. It is unclear whether this is a recoil leader or an entirely different process. The initiation of the negative leader also reveals that a complex charge structure with negative charge located near cloud base and positive charge below was present. Another camera angle suggests that another downward negative leader tree spawned from positive leaders to the west.
Plain language summary:
Lightning that initiates inside of a thundercloud has a positive and negative end, called leaders, and these are the channels of light that we see in the video. A tree of negative leaders initiated from a point where positive leaders passed through. Recoil leaders are the strobing lines that we see on positive leaders after they dim; these also have a positive and negative end. The negative ends of these will sometimes form new negative leaders, however in this video, this process is either more complicated, or there is a different process involved. The fact that this process even occurred indicates that complex cloud and precipitation charging occurred. If you want to learn more about lightning physics, there is a great link at the bottom of the Description.
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Video editing done using Shotcut
Lightning information provided by Vaisala's National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) through weather.us/lightning. Note that I only use this information to roughly estimate stroke intensity and distance, the data may be prone to error on my end and my work is not, and should not be considered to be, a formal evaluation of the NLDN's performance.
Thanks to Tom A. Warner and other lightning physicists and researchers who have helped me understand lightning processes explained in my videos. Tom has created a great resource for individuals interested in learning how lightning works.
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