Neutron Stars - Victoria Kaspi

General Relativity at 100: Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University Celebrate the Enduring Reach, Power and Mysteries of Einstein’s Theory
Victoria Kaspi - November 5, 2015
www.ias.edu/gr100
Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity, a pillar of modern physics formulated 100 years ago, will be celebrated by the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University in a two-day conference, General Relativity at 100. The conference, which will feature ten colloquium-style talks by international experts on diverse aspects of general relativity and its fascinating history-from cosmology to quantum gravity, from black holes to neutron stars-will take place in Wolfensohn Hall on the Institute’s campus on November 5-6. The conference will also celebrate the seminal role of Princeton physicists, particularly John Wheeler and Bob Dicke and their students, in advancing an examination of general relativity.
“The general theory of relativity is based on profound and elegant principles that connect the physics of motion and mass to the geometry of space and time,” stated Robbert Dijkgraaf, Director of the Institute and Leon Levy Professor. “With Einstein’s equations, even the universe itself became an object of study. Only now, after a century of calculations and observations, the full power of this theory has become visible, from black holes and gravitational lenses to the practical use of GPS devices.”
Einstein was one of the Institute’s first Faculty members, serving from 1933 until his death in 1955, and played a significant part in its early development. Einstein came to the United States to take up his appointment at the invitation of Abraham Flexner, the Institute’s Founding Director. Today, theorists at the Institute continue to interpret and test Einstein’s theory of general relativity, about which questions persist: What is the physics of black holes? Do space and time emerge from a more fundamental description? Why is the universe accelerating? How can general relativity be reconciled with quantum mechanics? What are the origins and the long-term fate of the universe?
The celebration will open on November 4 with a special performance of Light Falls: Space, Time, and an Obsession of Einstein, a dramatic portrayal of Einstein’s discovery of the general theory of relativity, at Princeton University’s Richardson Auditorium. Light Falls, written by Brian Greene, Member (1992-93) in the Institute’s School of Natural Sciences and Professor of Theoretical Physics at Columbia University, composed by Jeff Beal (“House of Cards”), designed by 59 Productions (“An American in Paris”) and directed by Scott Faris (“Walking with Dinosaurs”), is an original work weaving together dramatic portrayals, state-of-the-art animation and innovative projection techniques to trace Einstein’s electrifying journey toward one of the most beautiful ideas ever conceived.
The conference will close on November 6 with a recital for the Institute campus community by world-acclaimed violinist Joshua Bell and a screening of the new documentary Einstein’s Light by Nickolas Barris, Director’s Visitor (2013) at the Institute and founder of Imaginary Films. Einstein’s Light explores how scientific imagination and innovation advance knowledge, with Einstein and Dutch Nobel Laureate Hendrik Lorentz as models. The film examines Einstein’s discoveries as well as modern examples of scientific imagination and innovation, highlighting institutions such as the Institute and others around the world. Bruce Adolphe’s score reflects the power of music as a catalyst for Einstein’s scientific creativity and his deep connection to the music of Mozart and Bach. Joshua Bell’s performance at the Institute will mark the world premiere of the score set to the final visualization from the film.
Major support for the General Relativity at 100 conference and related events has been provided by Eric and Wendy Schmidt.
More videos on video.ias.edu

[@riadhalrabeh3783]

Absolutely Brilliant.. the way you are going we look forward to see the solution of all the present problems.. best wishes.

[@davidwilkie9551]

Wheels within wheels of spinning. Interesting and complicated wave-packages.

[@daveb5041]

*How do nutron stars radiate heat? Isnt the heat locked inside the binding energy that holds them together? What happens when it cools off? Does it turn into a white dwarf as the nuetrons decay into electrons and protons* ?

[@lohphat]

Why are most pulsar depiction shows with the radio beams near 90deg off the axis of rotation instead of closer to it?

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

🎯Neutron Stars Are The limit of physics That We Can See and... ear ! 👉It's Simply Amazing

[@janderson1008]

@49:33-49:52 "...cited by white dwarf people" Excuse me I think they prefer "little people." Come on everyone lighten up. ;-)

[@pushprajbhardwaj4820]

Wonderful

[@silberlinie]

Nice talk. Like it very much.

[@maytronix7201]

Great lecture... it will probably change in a month but still...

[@muleteammate]

The only observable for the "existence" of neutron stars is the finding of a pulsar in 1967. A hypothesis was put forward for what it was and how it operated. The consensus cosmology community took that and ran with it. Now neutron stars are part of the dogma of consensus cosmology, with no other evidence except the phenomena of pulsars. No other hypotheses are accepted as to what they might be, other than a condensed star. There are many pulsars, that if they are neutron stars, violate the properties of premise, i.e., they violate the supposed maximum rotation speed, they violate maximum size, they violate the stability of their timing (speed up and slow down again). The consensus cosmologists had to come up with a hypothesis that the solid shell must have a liquid core that varies in angular speed relative to the surface. I believe they went completely down the wrong road in believing that pulsars are "neutron stars". Given that the observable universe is known to be >99% plasma, and plasma carries electrical current, which generates magnetic confinement fields (the two components that make up Birkeland currents), that pulsars are interstellar oscillating circuits, not spinning masses of neutrons with a mysterious bar magnet contained within. Plasma carrying oscillating electric current is certainly capable of generating oscillating electromagnetic radiation all the way from radio waves up to UV, x-ray, and gamma rays. It is frustrating that "neutron stars" are considered settled science when there is scant real evidence for their existence.

[@shroomzed2947]

Let me guess, is climate change a hoax as well?

[@thephysicsofconsciousness9523]

@@shroomzed2947 First I ask, what is the purpose of your question? Climate change is of course real. Man-made CO2 is not causing climate change. Earth's climate always changes, ever since the planet formed. It's driven by our star, not by CO2. I am guessing you have the opposite opinion, based on how you asked the question.

[@gyro5d]

Standard Model Science Fiction is never complete.

[@rodsims8471]

have any pulsars slowed down since their discovery?

[@CONTACTLIGHTTOMMY]

Yes...usually attributed to magnetic dipole radiation. Cooling causes changes of viscosity within the star. She addressed it early in her presentation.

[@jameskerr9509]

Fascinating stuff and some really cool work

[@PaulHigginbothamSr]

Spin precession according to gr that Einie would never have guessed we would later be using and of a magnetosphere we humans would never have guessed even existed. What is the magnetosphere composed of? I guess protons and electrons pulled from the millions of gravities surface by the stronger electromagnetic force. While the regular surface of the neutron star is so cold as to be superconducting and super fluid relative to the pressure and density the 》temperature has to be carried by these electrons and protons《 but the lattice vibrations are also the gamma ray source when a glitch or collision occurs. It is very difficult to see mentally during a neutron star collision how time and space behave at the instant of collision and how a super fluid and superconducting time dilated structure behaves to throw up a mass of neutronium which immediately decays to our earth abundance levels over time and the relative amounts of each element moderated by the first 2 supernova's cloud fields which will be later impacted by the kilo novas remnants added onto the molecular cloud that first formed the binary massive stars. Just trying to piece together what happened to form us.

[@Enter_channel_name]

If you were standing on the surface of a neutron star, you'd be very dead obviously

[@rubenmartinez2994]

Describing the loss of the mechanism .. Strange, but this is never considered, is that if the star explodes it also loses mass, in doing so weakens gravity, because gravity is proportional to its mass, so when losing mass through this explosion would hinder the concentration of mass density that would be needed to form a neutron star. And another fact that must be taken into account, the mass that is lost is the outer layer of the sphere, which is responsible for the high concentration, that is, the density in the core, that would be required (Density = mass / volume) in the center of the sphere or orb. Then, by ejecting this shell, the mechanism required to achieve this would be lost, there by stopping the process, in other words, a neutron stars or a black hole could never be created.

[@irfanhasanswarna5798]

❤💌

[@rawdata678]

Quality of content and subscribers seem to be proportionally inverted, sadly❤️

[@ianian8022]

fair enough, I deserve that. sorry

[@cymoonrbacpro9426]

A case against neutron stars.The following is hypothetical scenario based on known physics, which would explain the Improbability of neutron stars ; Neutron is made out of an electron and proton and neutrino, (neutrons are Known to be unstable due to Beta decay) they say Neutrinos escapes because of nuclear decay and low mass or close to Zero mass the neutrinos would be lost Or radiated out, it must be remembered that neutrino is part of the ingredients of a neutron . After losing a neutrino what would be left is a proton and a electron, which would constitute the ingredients of a hydrogen atom not a neutron , being that the protons Is heavier (1800 x) then the Electron it is quite possible that the interior will become a large Proton like object, but only if there is enough gravity , there for, it should be called a proton star and not a neutron star,. The core would be of pure hydrogen nuclei. Between these two scenarios the most plausible would be proton star, because it is based on known physics. Neutron star Scenario just doesn’t make sense ! The fact is that a neutron stars is actually Hypotheticals objects and the physics that is suppose to supports this is vague . The Pauli exclusion principle Is introduce because it helps explain the density packing, but there are other forces That will inhibit these high densities ever being achieved. So there is no credible explanations about how the Neutron star would be kept together. This hypothetical neutron star explantation is one dimensional thinking, which ignores other factors in physics. This is all CG make believe, So don’t be fooled

[@lelksldfsjwjdo]

Is it me, or has this woman made one of the most mysterious, romantic objects in the universe, nothing but boring data?

it's you ;-)

[@captiveexile2670]

Please don't laugh, but I've had an astonishing insight: the religion people have it ALL WRONG. I mean to say that they misinterpret the visions of ancient Jewish Prophets wrongly; thus the "Day of the Lord" is actually a major extinction event. Several scientists have postulated that such an event took place 440 million years ago, triggering the Odovician/Silurian extinction. The point is this: the union of two neutron stars (each on the cusp on becoming a "black hole", but not quite heavy enough yet) may very well unite and (indeed) form a new black hole (puncture or "bottomless whirlpool" in the space-time continuum), releasing a most power blast of collimated gamma rays as the "birth cry" of a new black hole (or GAMMA RAY BURST). This GRB is in fact the largest explosion in the know universe, releasing energy ~ equal to all the energy our sun will release during her entire 8 billion year lifetime --- in one seconds long BLAST! DAMN! Now if by chance our planet earth is lined up with the axis of the new black hole, well ... we're all "looking down the barrel of a shotgun". The scary thing is that if such a GRB hits earth, the gamma rays will not harm us (they can't penetrate the 20 miles of air above us), but this powerful BLAST can easily IONIZE the oxygen and nitrogen present, so they will unite chemically to form a REDDISH BROWN SMOG of nitrogen dioxide on high, enveloping earth (see Amos 8:9 & Jeremiah 25:30-33, Zephaniah 3:8).and also note Isaiah 24:18, the "floodgates of HEAVEN" are OPENED. That sure sounds like GRB hit, one that can fry all earth satellites and cause great pandemonium as communications cease, Isaiah 17:12-14. Note that NO2 is 1.6 times heavier than air, meaning it will SINK DOWNWARD and start to mix with the planets's OZONE LAYER, DESTROYING OVER HALF OF IT OVERNIGHT. D A M N ! ! The result: Deadly short-wave length ULTRAVIOLET rays will now able to stream down to earth's surface, unhindered by the OZONE LAYER, which normally reflected it back into outer space. This UV will cause eye problems for humans (those working outside all day), but worse, it will slowly start breaking DNA strands, rapidly causing many melanoma-type skin cancers, and WORST OF ALL , it will slowly start KILLING OFF ALL G R E E N PLANTS, including trees, crops, ad oceanic plankton (base of the "food chain" there). Can't you see, VLADIMIR? Leaves will WITHER, and there'll arise a W O R L D W I D E F A M I N E . ( SO DON'T go on a diet; only nations with wise leaders who secured a STRATEGIC NATION FOOD RESERVE will be able to survive the 10-20 years it will take for the OZONE LAYER to heal and restore itself ). Now permit me to quote the Prophet Jesus, who said there will be a "time of trouble", a period of VERY GREAT TRIBULATION..."as there never was before, and as there NEVER WILL BE AGAIN" --- get it? Only a powerful GRB, arriving suddenly "like a THIEF IN THE NIGHT" (2nd Peter 3:10, Mt.24:43) from outer space HAS THE POWER to TRIGGER A FAMINE LIKE THAT. The horrible result? The proverbial "FOUR HORSEMEN of the A P IO C A L Y P S E " will be released: Conquest, war, pestilence and the DEATH OF BILLIONS. Their dead bodies will N O T B E B U R I E D [ Isaiah 26:20-21, Jeremiah 25:30-33 ]. Am I not R I G H T , VLADIMIR , Sir? Please tell your men of religion to lead your people back to RIGHTEOUSNESS [ Zechariah 8:16,17, Psalm 58 ] so that they may be saved. With the MERCIFUL, God shows mercy. The ruthless never practice any mercy, but only hound the poor and needy to his death [ Psalm 109:16-22 ]. I am eighty years old and ready to cast aside this mortal coil. So pay attention, as his may be the last warning any on you people get. The arrogant, the wicked, delight in shooting arrows in the dark. In the END, they are the ones who will enter the REAL HELL (and dwell there forever, Psalm 9:15). Be not deceived: those who seek to damn innocent blood only wind up damning themselves (for God set a "trap for trap-setters only" in his Holy Scriptures, Hosea 14:9 & Psalm 35:7-10). Trump cannot eat his money --- can he?

[@CONTACTLIGHTTOMMY]

Celestial activities of Thor provide better explanations.

[@BartAlder]

If god set a trap for the trap-setters only then god has trapped... god. Which would be awkward.

[@gyro5d]

The Universe is imploding. Like, fractals from the Mandelbrot set.

[@ianian8022]

unbearable er er er ah uh er woman ...

[@seraphik]

Ian Ian unbearable whiny whine whine complain whine man. Don't watch it if you don't like it. she's an astrophysicist, not a professional orator.

[@VvDOPAMEANvV]

I see you've singled out all the words you can comprehend.

[@ColinPaddock]

Welcome to beautiful Incelburg, everybody.

[@gabrieldunn7384]

I like her voice.