NEVER be confused by GEAR RATIOS again - EXPLAINED in the MOST VISUAL WAY using LEGO

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Today's video is a follow up from our previous video where we used LEGO and lego motors to explain the concepts of horsepower and torque.
In today's episode we're going to add gears into the equation to see how they can be used to manipulate torque and speed.
So here again we have our two motors. The large motor generates 0.14 newton meters of torque and the smaller motor generates 0.03 newton meters of torque. Last time we have seen that the small motor couldn't generate the torque needed to move this heavy arm. Now we're going to use gears to enable the small motor to move the heavy arm.
Instead of trying to move the heavy arm directly with the small motor, we're going to connect a gear to the motor's shaft and we're going to attach another gear to the heavy arm.
We're going to call the gear on our motor the driver gear. Because this is the gear where the force input is and this the gear that does the work. This gear has 8 teeth We'll call the gear on the heavy arm the driven gear, this gear receives the force input and has work done on it. This gear has 40 teeth.
How do we obtain the ratio between the two gears? We simply divide the number of teeth on the driven gear by the number of teeth of the driver gear. And the result is 5, this is our gear ratio.
So what does the gear ratio tell us? It tells us how much we have increased the torque using this gear arrangement. Our initial torque on the small motor was 0.03 Nm. To figure out the new torque output value at the large gear we simply multiply the initial torque with our gear ratio. So 0.03 Nm x 5 gives us 0.15 Nm. This means that with the help of gears the small motor is now outputting more torque than the large motor.
So why does this gear arrangement increase the torque coming from the motor? The answer is pretty simple...it's because the large gear is larger than the small gear. To fit a larger number of teeth onto a gear you must increase it's radius. By increasing the radius you're increasing the physical distance between the force input and the force output. In other words by increasing the radious you're increasing the leverage provided by the gear. The gear acts like a lever, and as you probably know or have experienced yourself the larger the lever the larger the force output.
The torque increase coming from larger gears comes at a price and the price is rotation speed.
Our small lego motor has an initial torque of 0.03 Nm that we have increased to 0.15 Nm using a gear ratio of 5. But our gear ratio of 5 also reduces speed.
Our small lego motor is capable of doing 275 full rotation in one minute. It spins at 275 rpm. It's significantly faster than our large lego motor which does 146 rpm. But as you can see after we install our gears to increase the torque the small lego motor actually becomes slower than the large motor. How much slower? We can again easily calculate that using our gear ratio. We simply divide the inital speed with the gear ratio to get our new output speed. So 275 divided by 5 is 55 rpm. This means that to have more torque than the larger motor the small motor had to it's speed. By becoming five times stronger it also became 5 times slower.
So why does this kind of gear ratio decrease speed? The answer is again simple and again it's the gear size. To fit a larger number of gears we need a larger gear radius. A larger gear radius also means a larger circumference, or the total length along the edge of the gear. The larger the circumference the more distance needs to be covered to make the larger gear achieve one full rotation. Our gear ratio can aslo be expressed as 5:1. It tells us that for every 5 rotations of the driver gear the driven gear makes only one rotation.
All of this explains why gear ratios of a typical car transmission usually look something like this.
The lower gears reduce speed and increase torque. This because we need the most torque to get the vehicle going from a standstill in first gear and we also need torque to help increase acceleration to get the vehicle up to speed. But once we're up to speed the vehicle has a lot of inertia and we don't need as much torque to push it along, what we need is increased rotational speed or an increased number of wheel rotations per minute to allow the vehicle to achieve even higher speeds.
A special thank you to my patrons:
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#d4a #lego #gearratio

[@SE45CX]

You know, Jason from Engineering Explained is a nice and knowledgeable guy. But your style of making these concepts truly visible is at least for me the key to a good understanding.

[@CatsForLife21]

#OneMessageFoundation

[@user-ly4rk9rj9t]

❤

[@LouisWriting]

This video is really the difference between teaching and explaining. A lot of other YT channels merely explains a topic. But through simplified means, examples and practical demonstrations you did more than explain it - you taught it, in a method we all can understand. Thank you for doing this.

[@Miro55Gaming]

Awesome video!

[@29madmangaud29]

Really love how you make things understandable

[@cameronhicks5225]

To have watched and understood this at 5:30 in the morning before work, I commend you sir! Great explanation and a very intriguing visualization. As a very visual learner this material is priceless

[@mohammadyaqoob746]

Really needed someone to explain it in this way ❤👌

[@jhuntosgarage]

A good explanation of a granny gear in a 4WD vehicle.

[@non-neurotypicalstudent4549]

I finally get it!! Thank you so much for explaining the connection between rpm, torque and speed.

[@atfsgeoff]

A big semi truck engine might put out 495 horsepower which is roughly the same as a new C8 Corvette. Yes a C8 Corvette engine COULD be used in a semi truck to haul large, heavy trailers. BUT to do so effectively it would need to be screaming at 6500 rpm all the time to achieve maximum power. The huge diesel engines usually used in semi trucks, can make that same horsepower at ~1600 rpm, meaning it will last much, much longer at full power output than the Corvette engine which has to spin 4x faster to generate the same horsepower. That's why semi truck engines last for millions of miles routinely, where as a Corvette that's driven flat-out in endurance races, might need a new engine after just 5,000 miles.

[@20chocsaday]

Can you relate that to force and work done?

[@jasonhanson6563]

“With a long enough hammer, I could break the world!” - sir Wayne Newton

[@Zenvo-uu9tm]

How you re planing to move the long enough hammer

[@jasonhanson6563]

@@Zenvo-uu9tm With a really long lever.

[@caliremus]

I prefer Archimedes "Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world"

[@jasonhanson6563]

@@caliremus It doesn't quite have the flair though.

[@makantahi3731]

good idea, now is time for that

[@iamlugee]

That was a very interesting demonstration and explanation. Concepts were presented clearly and your explanations are paced well. Awesome content, as always!

[@coolmailsonly2405]

Can't tell you how incredibly helpful this video is. I was wondering about this since few months and now I find perfect answer through your video. Thanks for the wisdom.

[@catnipleaf8680]

going back to the torque vs power video, the power at the output shaft of the driven gear is still the same (assuming no frictional losses are present of course). what changes is the force and the speed. for instance at the gear ratio of 5, the output shaft is applying 5x the force at a fifth the speed, so it still means that the small motor is still putting out 0.0013HP. just we have sacrificed RPM in favor of torque. great video as usual! whatever you're doing to make these videos, keep doing it!

[@honestboy4]

wow, I gave up learning these concepts way before college, now with great examples I can grasp the concept with ease. Massive thanks!!

[@davidplante9106]

Well explained demonstration on torque, speed and gear ratios. Two motors of equal horsepower can have completely different sizes, weights, and shaft sizes solely dependent upon speed. This is especially noticeable in electric motors. Keep up the great videos.

[@someperson7]

I'd be fascinated to see you gear both motors to the same rotational speed so they could work work together to turn one shaft.

[@AntuNeelesh]

Thank you for this. I now finally get it that with a given power, how changing the torque via gears change the speed.

[@christopherpeters2992]

This has made it so much clearer thank you❤

[@syedkhawaraliraza6948]

Thanks for this great inform for a non technical person like me, thanks again

[@WouterB76]

Explaining car technics, you are doing it right!

[@e3k701]

Thanks for making this video!

[@HarunOKUDUCU]

Just perfect. Thanks so much.

[@tudorvali7981]

Thank you! Very nice explanation and also demonstration!

[@ahnafzahid9450]

Now this episode....made my day😇😇😇

[@ReyanshKharga]

Best video on the topic. Kudos to you.

[@J_Bazzle]

love the easy explanation, very well done. I also visualised Christoph Waltz behind the voiceover so loved it even more :P

[@manugeorgejacob8212]

Thanks for the simple and powerful explanation. Anyone would understand the topic clearly

[@12345678939218]

Love the explanation. Congrats. Like

[@wiremonkeyshop]

Excellent! I never thought of gears as levers before.

[@realtyro753]

Perfect explanation

[@mistasmith3343]

a new sub, brilliant way to teach with the visual component. very good video

[@Max_Power_007]

Fantastic video! Very well explained 👏

[@amirfathirad2965]

thanks for simple explanation

[@tonyfromhogwarts]

Amazing, subscribed and, liked. Thank you for your unique work!

[@yosofya]

It amazes me how people like you put efforts and time to demonstrate something like this in the easiest and interesting way possible to help people like me get it. Thanks man

[@DroidX143]

Many thanks for this! I've been unable to understand gear ratios for the last 24 years until today haha!

[@ryanmark2755]

Incredible explanation. Thanks a lot!

[@AZG90]

The best explanation, thank you!

[@gtate4200]

Brilliant. I'm binge watching all of your videos.

[@hamidmaroof104]

What 30 pages of a textbook take hours to read n comprehend u do it in a mere 8 minutes. Hats off buddy. Excellent. Thank u.

[@jordy12aureolescom]

you make it easy to understand. Thank you

[@Spudstrodamus]

Always great explanations

[@kisamehoshigaki1519]

Thank you for the wonderful explanation.

[@BIGGELATO]

No wonder my cars were crap in Gran Turismo 5 back in the day everytime I bought the custom transmission I'd gear it all messed up 😂😂 At one point I had a corvette and goggled gearing and it gave me something that was not from a corvette 🤣 ahhhh the good ol days

[@DaDaDo661]

I did this in the original Gran Turismo for PS1 and then went back and read that you were talking about Gran Turismo 5 and it being back in the day. Made me realize how old i am now lol I dont think Google was around when the game was out so it was hard to look up information about cars.

[@BIGGELATO]

​@@DaDaDo661 I had GT3 and GT4 but the one I played mostly on and enjoyed more was GT5, 4 too but ya anyways GT1 on PS1 that's way back! 😂 I remember playing Spyro the purple dragon on PS1, Mario and Donkey Kong too and other stuff, Game Cube, Nintendo Entertainment System with the cartridges you had to blow the dust out and smack it a few times lol. Dream Cast. Tony Hawk on PS2, Miss those days

[@AnthonyDutter]

Best video on the subject! Very usefull, thank's a lot. 😊

[@pot_kivach160]

Awesome presentation! Very impressed, sir.

[@rebkahibasdeys]

thank you. you have a gift for teaching

[@gfsdgjknvvlmnop8833]

This was such a clear & clever explanation! Thank you. I feel like an idiot for not understanding this so well before.

[@diablo1271]

Excellent way to explain the subject to practically all audience. No matter the age. Great job. Best regards.

[@OhThatsZeke]

Very interesting video I enjoyed watching!

[@stephenbranley91]

Excellent video. Really well explained.

[@worldthree4524]

well explained! thanks!

[@skg2k64]

Dude your amazing cheers bro

[@akinozkan4496]

Fantastic Explanation. Light years ahead as the one of my mechanics prof.

[@shaygannon1944]

veryy clear and understandable explanation

[@Z_mRR]

we need part 2 of gear ratios! 😉

[@DMSBrian24]

>subscribed for years >got the bell on >still didn't get notified of this video

[@d4a]

Something very weird happened with this video... For the first hour it got like 30 views or something. I think the notification system misfired on this one 😅

[@DMSBrian24]

yeah wouldn't be surprised, classic youtube xd

[@ezhylarasant1817]

Great explanation brother!

[@OJViews]

This really helped me tuning better on GT 7 Thanks 👍🏾

[@firebpall]

This video is very easy to understand thanks for making this

[@_adinfinitum_]

That little motor’s proud little dance was awesome

[@munkasirmahir]

Great one man💥

[@avakodev]

Better explanation than many teachers at school! thx!!

[@pranav717dey]

Very nice explanation!!

[@yasin_ranjbar]

your very good in explain this. thanks

[@johnnyblue4799]

Great! Now I know how to take a 2T diesel large cargo ship engine spinning at 100 rpm and build a desk fan spinning at 10000 rpm. Might need a slightly larger desk... or house...

[@d4a]

🤣🤣

[@ARMadillo18]

Thanks for this video

[@1handervlogs546]

Thanks so much bro keep doing this helping so many with your explanations are jelly.God bless your work

[@donfrancis1246]

Finally I get it. Thank you 😊💓

[@neymansolo815]

Thanks for amazing video 👍

[@TinkeredTonker]

Super informative. Legos are so good for explaining mechanical topics. Great video!

[@kindbrute4640]

Great vid. Feeding the almighty algo

[@Mikey_Family]

Very educational.long live sir.looking forward to your next video.

[@beyondmywildestdreams6942]

Awesome video,thank you

[@blackbox330]

Sir, Great Video. You have explained the concept in simple terms. Keep it up. Thanks

[@kevinmwaniki7498]

Im actually interested in this topic

[@HappyDayGarage]

Boys and their toys is a philosophy I subscribe to! Very clear and entertaining . Lunch well deserved :) Great job, brate.

[@tevaughnalleyne]

Perfect!😊

[@christianwc9458]

Contributed to the best like ratio I've seen in a while. Great explanatory video!

[@basiek1410]

Fantastic video!! :)

[@vijaybhatt9638]

Superb informative video sir 👍👍👍

[@thetientran]

THIS IS GOOOD

[@rayhan_rac]

I couldn't thank you enough for this video. ❤

[@HackingAxe]

Great explanation. New sub.

[@thoughtdisease3798]

Subscribed! Great video 👍

[@andersdaun3950]

Very good video!!

[@8irsan8]

crystal clear explanation.

[@MM_MAXQ]

AWESOME VIDEO!!!

[@GoldenArrow369]

Fantastic video 👌

[@uraichur]

Thank You!

[@fabb60]

Thank you!

[@tanavposwal]

This person deserves Oscar

[@makantahi3731]

for what, for special effects?,

[@GodlikeIridium]

I loved Lego Technics as a kid. They are great to learn physics while playing.

[@bilalahmedqazi7317]

Very informative explanation. It cleared all my confusions about the gearing ratios of manual vehicles. Thanx brother. From Pakistan.

[@CrashLarue]

Now, how the motor/transmission pairing as it pertains to meeting hp/tq goals is the fun.

[@flyonbyya]

On the next vid… Demonstrate work done by the 2 motors by the time it takes to lift a load one foot vertically.

[@coconutperson1985]

Use centimeters please

[@tesmith47]

Well done

[@MH24920]

I am making a science project and came across this vidoeo. It is amazing and really easy to understand.

[@DocteGaby]

I love this kind of videos! Loved the ones about torque VS horse power. I have to admit I'm still a bit confused though. I still can't wrap my head around the difference between a fast car and a car optimised for towing a load. Seems to me they both need more of both torque and horse power to be good at their job, yet I expect there should be some difference. I think I'll watch the torque VS HP videos again, but if you have any further explanation that would be very welcome!

[@DocteGaby]

I've rewatched the original torque VS HP video and it makes more sense now. I guess the problem is that torque is part of HP itself. Somehow it feels like having lots of torque should translate into faster acceleration, yet apparently it's better to have less torque and more rpm... hmmm I wonder if I'll ever fully get it!

[@d4a]

You got the key part. Torque is part of hp. That's the essence. I think the last piece of the puzzle you're missing is this: What matters for towing is not just HOW MUCH torque you have but also WHERE that max torque is developed in the rpm range. Semi trucks have a max rpm of 2500rpm or so and their max torque is often achieved at like 1200-1500rpm, which is just a bit above idle. Sports cars have 7000-9000 max rpm and max torque is at like 3-6k usually. This isn't useful for towing because you want to be able to pull the load right as you start moving. As soon as you go off idle basically. A sports car would have to rev up the engine and then floor it to move a massive load and would have to stay at that high rpm. It means difficult taking off and stress for the engine both during take off and continued towing. Hope this helps. Let me know if you got it. I won't quit until you do 😁 I really like helping people get things.

[@DocteGaby]

@@d4a Thanks, it does help! I've heard that to tow you need a lot of torque, which is confusing because for a sport's car it's also true that "the more torque the better", really what they should have said is "for towing you need a lot of torque at low rpm". And then I guess that having a lot of torque at low rpm isn't fun for sport because you would then need tons of gears and shift up all the time. So I guess you need *enough* torque at idle to get moving (which is easier for a sport car than for a big truck), and then the more torque you can have beyond that the more fun to drive, but engineering reality dictactes that the more torque you start with at low rpm, the harder it is to make an engine that get even more torque as it revs up?

[@DocteGaby]

@@IgorArkin No need to be rude. Thanks for the recommendation. I watched kzbin.info/www/bejne/q16weWepm5qrobs and found it interesting, but I don't think that's the one you were thinking of. Do you have a link maybe?

[@dortiz_dk3443]

I wish this guy was my physics professor back in college days. What a great talent in explaining stuff this guy has. Amazing video yet again my friend, keep up the good work! 👍🏽