New Paper Proves Tyrannosaurs Got Stronger Over Time | Tyrant Files

The evolution of the tyrannosaurs is probably one of the better-known stories in dinosaur evolution. However, new things can always be learned. One team of researchers just published their work on digitizing the skulls of the tyrannosaurs, throwing them in virtual squeeze boxes, reconstructing their jaw muscles, and figuring out their bite forces in order to piece together an idea of how they evolved their jaws and noggins over time. The results may not shock you, but the data and the journey will.
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Art in Thumbnail belongs to - RJ Palmer, Zhao Chuang, Andrey Atuchin
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RESEARCH
Johnson-Ransom, E., Li, F., Xu, X., Ramos, R., Midzuk, A. J., Thon, U., Atkins-Weltman, K., & Snively, E. (2023). Comparative cranial biomechanics reveal that Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids exerted relatively greater bite force than in early-diverging tyrannosauroids. The Anatomical Record, 1-21. doi.org/10.100...
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Hashtags - #trex #science #nature
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[@kuzimart2622]

Nice, thank you so much for featuring our research!

[@NotSaddamHussein]

"Stay tuned for the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 2023 meeting for some SPINOSAUR talks" i swear to gods....

[@xXwolfmanzackXx]

oh boy, that guy works at Sereno's Lab too, meaning he's seen the new Spinosaurus discovered at the end of last year...

[@Infernoraptor]

I love how so many different groups/ researchers were willing to share those skull models. It's kinda like a tyrannosaur version of Smash Bros XD

[@blueffer]

What

[@SeanMahoneyfitnessandart]

Thats what science is all about!

[@guillaumebabey4484]

I just realised Raul Ramos was credited in the paper. So weird a guy I followed for their art on DA ages ago is now technically a published scientist.

[@victorhugo5207]

These monsters were made to be powerhouse predators. Top notch evolution at play in nature.

[@rodrigopinto6676]

Exactly

[@Betweentheraindrops8]

I love that you display the names of the artists with their work. The Wenyu Ren rex is incredible! And of course Victoria the T. rex is gorgeous.

[@ThePunisher-si8ex]

Yes but yo mama more incredible 😮

[@hail2theprince93]

Never would've expected Zach Hadel to appear in an EDGE Science video, but here we are.

[@TheTrueTyrannosaurusRex]

Oh, damn well that's even more terrifying in hindsight.

[@Deadpool3E]

I'm just happy we have information for Yutyrannus bites.

[@Grimlock108]

This is a really cool experiment to run on other theropods for sure

[@isaiahgarza87]

7:57 Smiling Friends reference W

[@bibia666]

When EDGE drops a vid.., I hit the 👍. Greetings 👋bibia

[@tomuhr5802]

Would you happen to know if the non-uniform density of bone was taken into account during the stress test simulations?

[@ericknorskr8568]

the paper is free and it's made so anyone with little to none academic experience can read (thank God people aren't gatekeeping anymore). stop being a lazy bun , it took me 5 minutes to find your answer

[@ericknorskr8568]

"We assumed similar average bone density in the theropods' crania to that of a hard-biting Alligator. We therefore assumed similar stiffness and Poisson's ratios to Alligator's (Porro et al., 2011) because these properties are proportional to density (Table S13). Lower densities and stiffness, possible in lighter-skulled birds, would result in linearly greater strain but would not greatly affect stresses (Strait et al., 2005) in similarly shaped structures."

[@tomuhr5802]

@@ericknorskr8568Ha, ha, well, thank you for the flowers. It’s called delegating. But it states what I was suspecting. It is exceedingly hard stress testing a natural structure with variable density. I’m sure it yields a decent idea of its strength, but I would be surprised if the actual location of fracture wouldn’t be within a margin of error. However, these are just my two cents, thank you for looking it up.

[@enocescalona]

that reminds me of something i heard from a T-Rex Palaentologist, who on a interview with a JP fan, comparing the real animal's research with the movies, that'd the T-Rex if they were very old, they could be even more hulking, with a potential darker coat of scales. Similar to that of crocodiles (or was it alligators? forgot)

[@seanmckelvey6618]

I know the video you're talking about, and it's a fair point to make. However, it would depend on if they reached a certain size and basically stopped growing, or if they continued to grow, only very slowly after a certain point, their entire lives. We know Tyrannosaurs seem to have a very bird/mammal like growth rate and growth curve, but we don't know if they actually stopped growing once they reached adult size or not, at least I'm not aware of any research done into that.

[@bkjeong4302]

Crocodilians do eventually stop growing, so why not tyrannosaurs?

[@ThemagpieBird734]

So I think from the patterns of stress in the tyrannosaur skulls mean that they evolved stronger skulls before bigger bite forces? Most of my theories turn out to be wrong to please reply and try to disprove my statement before I believe it’s good

[@ThemagpieBird734]

Well since daspletosaurus has higher stress levels than the smaller tyrannosaurs Mabye that would disprove my theory but since gorgosaurus had low stress levels and I think albertosaurus had a more similar skull to gorgosaurus than daspletosaurus (In my opinion from a 20sec google search) I think daspletosaurus may have been an outlier from my theory perhaps due to competition with the other tyrannosaurus mentioned

[@thedoruk6324]

Kinda reminds me the 'growth stages' of V-Rex that presented in the King Kong A natural History of skull island book ( which is an amazing speculative evolution book full of epic illustrations I recommend it to everyone ! ) It is very ironic that we have also publications that mature/adults T rexes were not able to keep up with their adolescent or younger specimens at all! Search about it. It is an interesting read

[@lewisbean4250]

Yeah we know tyrannosaurs changed shape as niche as they age, which may explain lower diversity of big predators in Hell Creek

[@thedoruk6324]

@@lewisbean4250 I mean ( if you did not count the whole dakotaraptor *fiasco* - yes it is that bad ) there were still quite large dromaesaurid raptors around the tyrannosaurs as well as gigantic crocodylimorphs

[@rodrigopinto6676]

@@thedoruk6324giganotosaurus Spinosaurus or carcharadontosaurus they were not worthy “rivals” for a T. rex(the true power of Mother Nature).!

[@thedoruk6324]

@@rodrigopinto6676 Entirely your own personalized opinion; albeit a very wrong one. The meg-theropods you have mentioned like Giganatosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus and its relatives existed, thrived and dominated way further than any Tyrannosaurus. Additionally they were nowhere sluggish, slower and non agile akin to an adult tyrannosaurus. Additionally there were also other mega theropods such as oxalaia, saurophaganax and bahariasaurus albeit it is somewhat odd; the unnamed abelisaurids; kayentapus and more! You choose to ignore every single giant theropod in existence in favor of your fanbase esque tyranno. For the last addition the northern Africa disagrees with your false assessment. We see which theropods are able to survive in a place where the paleontologists openly called the most dangerous place on earth. Thats right Spinosaurus, Bahariasaurus; deltadromeus and Carhcarodontosaurus!

[@rodrigopinto6676]

@@thedoruk6324 wrong “arguments” T. rex despite it’s size it was more agile and it wasn’t that “slow”.

[@jessehutchings]

22:00 I love the fuzzy feathery dinosaur models. They look very interesting and more realistic resembling animals we see today

[@user-zu2xc7dc4i]

Tyrant files are real top drawer stuff. Have rewatched soooo many times. Also love ur pentaceratops vid. And ceratopsian bids in general. Awesome channel guys. ❤❤

[@davyjones3755]

The path to perfection

[@victorsztorc511]

Raptorex is just a juvenile tarbosaurus

[@brianedwards7142]

Looking at all those feathered dinos all I could think was, "did they pluck their prey like cats or regugitate the feathers like owls?"

[@earth5853]

Isn’t raptor rex just a juvenile tarbosarus?

[@datmedetbek5165]

The most recent paper reevaluated it taxonomic affinities and found out it to be distinct to Tarbosaurus, but still within Tyrannosauridae family. In other words according to that study it belongs to a distinct species of Tyrannosaurid and is valid.

[@Thulgore]

Tyrannosaurs were so damn amazing. Many assume by size that other bipedal carnivores of similar or greater size were more amazing. All of the senses tyrannosaurs had put them on another level even if their bite force was the same.........which it isn't. T-rex's bite force by any metric destroys anything not tyrannosaur. The skeleton strength, the presumed visual ability, the presumed sense of smell..........everything is on a different level than anything comparable. I still think those arms were for something based on eggs or babies. A t-rex carrying two eggs has little to no loss of eggs before hatching. I'm not saying I believe it......just want to put it out there. If Tyrannosaurus Rex were a familial pack animal............they were the predator of all predators ever.

[@rodrigopinto6676]

“Tiny arms” but very strong and powerful.!

[@ericknorskr8568]

It's sad, but as far as we know no dinosaurs had pack instincts ( other than nesting)

[@santigarcia9557]

21:22 que dibujo más bonito no?

[@tturi2]

I understand this could be hard to infer, but sometimes different breeds of animals breed to make a new cross breed, could that have been the case for dinosaurs?

[@wintersal449]

Probably? Like if we for example use a Tyrannosaurus and Tarbosaurus (taking into the belief they are actuallyseperate which i believe), they probably could have, maybe even have the children be viable in reproduction. The problem you face though is that most of these animals lived in different eras and areas, and often were the only type of their species due to the niches they filled. Rex could've had other Tyrannosaurids it could meet (like Tarbo) but it'd both be unlikely to happen let alone even more unlikely they'd tried to mate. Tho with herbivores it's a little different as you can have groups of similar species that possibly could have mated or atleast tried to. Trike and Torosaurus are a possible outcome I can think of.

[@TheAnimalKingdom-tq3sz]

Basically, T. Rex evolved into a CHAD we all know and love

[@paleoph6168]

Chadian Civil War

[@nigerjohnson4977]

Theirs more dinosaurs than just rex. But everyone forgot that ig

[@umbr33zy]

@@nigerjohnson4977no they didn’t?

[@soybasedjeremy3653]

​@@nigerjohnson4977This video is based on Tyrannosaurids.

[@christianstamm94]

​@@nigerjohnson4977Then tell people how awesome they are instead of complaining

[@jessehutchings]

8:00 That's a basketball hoop 🏀

[@bencoomer2000]

So was "Nanotyranus" just considered a junvenile T. rex in this?

[@Kor06.]

@qbgrindddd is this a joke I'm not getting?

[@wintersal449]

​​​​​@qbgrinddddwell the thing with the arms can be explained like it is with Giga, where it's arms grew faster than its body when younger but stopped/slowed aging earlier than its body. So younger T-rex could've had longer arms comparatively to adults because their arms grew faster. I'm not an expert on Juvie rexes so idk if we have a lot of specimens with complete arms so I'm happy to be proven wrong if I am. As far as i know Nano isn't considered valid by majority of Paleontologists, but there's always a possibility of a smaller Tyrannosaurid/ine species filling a niche that competed with young rexes.

[@xXwolfmanzackXx]

@@wintersal449 the thing is that supposedly the arms of Nanotyrannus were physically larger than that of adult T. rex, pointing more towards a separate species.

[@wintersal449]

@@xXwolfmanzackXx is there a source for that? (I'm not hating just genuinely curious as that has never been brought up to me before)

[@xXwolfmanzackXx]

@@wintersal449 no official source yet (other than what's available on Google), but its been know for a bit now, and with the news that more info on Nano coming, it's likely to be included in that paper

[@Supiragon1998]

Finally we have bite force estimates for one of the largest known T. rex specimens (Sue)

[@tscream80]

7:48 - Someone broke E.D.G.E. 😋

[@bodhishonin4792]

where can i find those awesome t rex animations 5:09

[@jakobraahauge7299]

Ulrike - Oolreekay - is a German women's name, tho But how awesome! Woohoo for you and Adam! 😄 🎉

[@PackHunter117]

Wouldn’t Tarbosaurus have a stronger bite force than Daspletosaurus? It’s bigger and potentially was adapted to specialise in Sauropods right?

[@ThemagpieBird734]

Wouldn’t the study also be slightly flawed since not all tyrannosaur skull bone were fused? Edit: Eh I guess that the fact that not all tyrannosaurs had fused bone will only strengthen the theory that they got stronger proportionally with size

[@ThemagpieBird734]

Also Paper: they got stronger with more robust muscles Me: BUT YOU DIDN’T HAVE TO CUT ME OFF

[@Rock_Wilson]

This is not an oneyplays crossover i was expecting tonight but okay

[@user-pr8gx3vb9h]

These are interesting character trait revelations of this clade.

[@nickmitsialis]

With regards to their skulls, well yeah--even IF the Giga or the Carch have 'larger' heads, they're much more lightly built; a Rex skull looks like you can use it as a medieval battering ram.

[@rodrigopinto6676]

“Larger” totally wrong

[@bkjeong4302]

All of them could do that, actually. The reason Tyrannosaurus has a much broader set of jaws is because its jaws are specialized to remain attached to prey in a crushing death grip (which is also part of the reason for its bite force and other skull adaptations), while the jaws of carcharodontosaurs like Giga are built to bite THROUGH prey to kill it with deep open wounds, meaning that their jaws and teeth are not going to remain attached for their prey for nearly as long and thus instead need to be laterally flattened for streamlining and more efficient cutting.

[@rodrigopinto6676]

@@bkjeong4302 T. rex skull is much more massive and robust(larger) than any giant theropods.

[@bkjeong4302]

@@rodrigopinto6676 Yes (and I explained why it’s so broad and robust) but that doesn’t mean it was unique in being able to ram things.

[@nickmitsialis]

@@bkjeong4302 And let us not forget that the trike's legs (this might have been refuted because it was opined years ago) per closer examination of the Trike skeleton, were NOT made for galloping but for swiftly pivoting the animal around--it's great (if it still true!) if you want to keep your horns facing the danger, but not so hot if the carnivore gets in your 'blind spot' and forces you to try to run.

[@yenguyandfriends]

What song is the intro from

[@KadenSlinker-cw6cl]

Can’t wait for the remake of Royal Bloodlines

[@Chrismas815]

This intro brings me back to my jurassic park 2 &3 DVDs

[@messiahmatrix]

Tyrannosaurus evil-ution! 🦖

[@seanbrosnan9876]

Took me forever but I finally placed the into music - it’s Universal’s theme in case anyone else is borderline brain dead too lol

[@19megamustaine85]

awesome !

[@Titus-as-the-Roman]

Did all Tyrannosaurs, or just the bigger newer Attitude Adjusters come with that welded Nose and those wonderful Feet. That Nose is the main reason I consider T-Rex as the best Biter & probably the toughest, it was so Bad-A$$ it could fight with both Arms tied behind it's Back, Oh you say!, Uhh, it's arms aren't tied, regardless it still don't need them I still remember that illustrated fight between Spinosarus & Tyrannosaurus in the 3rd Jurassic movie, C'mon, it was like a pair of Needle Nose Pliers against a set of Vice-Grips

[@FlyingWithSpurts]

they all came with the welded nose, but only from Suskityrannus on did they come with the arctometatarsal feet.

[@ThemagpieBird734]

Alioramus and qianzhousaurus had the welded nose and they certainly weren’t the biggest tyrannosaurs

[@Titus-as-the-Roman]

@@ThemagpieBird734 Magpie's are fun to watch, I find Tyrannosaurs to be something apart from the other Carnosaurs of the day, just not knowledgeable enough

[@Titus-as-the-Roman]

@@FlyingWithSpurts Our Big red headed Pileated WoodPecker flies like that. Thanks

[@reeyees50]

Of course it got stronger, its prey grew larger in size

[@eudry]

Ngl the new intro isn’t doing it for me

[@BookCat18]

"a comment" 😂

[@niallmoseley6760]

This happens with most theropods, not just tyrannosaurs. Spinosaurus, charchar and giga all had , pound for pound, stronger and tougher skulls than their predecessors,

[@rodrigopinto6676]

🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@rodrigopinto6676]

Only tyrannosaurs

[@niallmoseley6760]

@@rodrigopinto6676 not only tyrranosaurs

[@rodrigopinto6676]

@@niallmoseley6760 only tyrannosaurs

[@niallmoseley6760]

@@rodrigopinto6676 no

[@EagerBeaverAnimsYT]

Ah yes from a tail-dragging kangaroo standing beast of the Age of Dinosaurs to a Bulkier, Chaddy, Chonky and Tyrant King of the Mesozoic Also ironically tomorrow is my birthday

[@EagerBeaverAnimsYT]

​@emptyglass7867isn't that name for Giganotosaurus?

[@EagerBeaverAnimsYT]

@qbgrindddd thx

[@Alex-dr2lp]

T. rex is the best dino imo

[@rodrigopinto6676]

The true power of Mother Nature.!

[@princessmeek5632]

I mean,its kinda obvious

[@retard_activated]

Crushing and Smashing 😍🥰💖 lol

[@TroyTheCatFish]

Fantastic Video as always!! :) 👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏 ❤️💖❤️💖