Niccolo Machiavelli "Politics As Statecraft"

STATECRAFT
INTRODUCTION
From Greek philosophy to Renaissance all philosophers and thinkers dealt with the end of the state. They thought that the political power of the state would be used as a means to achieve further end. All political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle to the Middle age (till 16th century) had concerned itself with the central question of the end of the state and had considered state-power as a means to a higher end conceived in moral terms. But Machiavelli adopted a quite different line. To him the power of the state is the end of the state. i.e. Every state must aim at maximizing its power. The failure of the state it this enterprise will throw it into great turmoil. Consequently he confined his attention to the means best suited to the acquisition, retention and expansion of power.
Machiavelli’s Statecraf
A careful reading of both the Prince and the Discourse reveal certain important features of Machiavelli’s political thought.Machiavelli was not interested in idealistic conception of the state. His chief interest was concentrated in the unity of body politic and power. He adopted an empirical method. He seriously studied the past-from 4th century to 15th century of the medieval age. This age was characterized by the Feudal state. He broke the medieval tradition that the political authority is under the control of church. He made the state totally independent of the church by saying that the state has its own rules of conduct to follow, state is highest, supreme and autonomous. He said the state is superior to all associations in the human society. He rejected the feudal system and propounded all powerful central authority, who is supreme over all institutions.The Machiavellian state, in the first instance, was, to a great extent, a secular state. He was against the role of the Church but he was no enemy of religion. The Machiavellian state is not only non- religionist, but also nonmoralistic or say non- ethical. It does not mean that it recognizes no morals or no ethics. It simply means that the state is political in its character and as such is not a moral or ethical entity. The Machiavellian state,
whether princedom or republic, is a power- state, its main object is to enhance and enlarge the area of the power it wields
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