‘Nick From Home’ Livestream #26 - Plates Colliding

[@bagoquarks]

SUBTITLE: Where Patrick shows the grownups how a small act of kindness can reverberate across multiple continents.

[@ramkuse7810]

I like chalkboards! I appreciate those videos, when you were drawing on 3 chalkboards simultaneously. To my opinion it is way better, watching the drawing developing than seeing a ready drawing with a lot of information.

[@lhaviland8602]

The biggest factor that determines which oceanic plate will subduct in a collision is the relative age of the crust. The older crust will subduct under the newer crust because it has had more time to absorb water from the ocean and is therefore denser.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Thank you for the class. It was great. -S.D.Caldwell, PhD.

[@Slowmodem1]

I looked up that globe that Nick was holding. I had never seen anything like that before. It's amazing! A Mova Globe it's called. I had to get one for my grandson's birthday coming up. He will be 7 and I'm sure he'll love it.

[@ReverendHowl]

(Watching out of order), I thought hearing about Mr Crosby was great but now Professor Zentner namechecks Captain Bligh. Splendigedig!

[@juleswestphalen4753]

Thank You Nick, you’re the best! Jules on Nevis Island, W.I. P.S. Nevis, is 24 mi. from Montserrat Island which is still puffing ash while sitting on a hot spot.

[@BaskingInObscurity]

That volcanoes are extremely rare along continental-continental collision boundaries was one of the clues that the primary source of volcanism along subduction zones was in fact the seawater melting along with the oceanic plate material, making the upper portion or the melting plate more buoyant. In the most basic sense, the undersea water table has infused the oceanic crust to a certain depth; and that saturated portion melts at different temperatures and rates than the unsaturated portion, also producing material of greater density and viscosity. Voilà lava! The rest of the subducting plate returns to the mantle whence it came, essentially being the same composition.

[@stormysampson1257]

Hi there Nick! You need some dark curtains for those windows. That black screen/mesh to protect plants from wind and too much sun/heat is CHEAP and you could pop a few finishing NAILS into the trim work, just 3 would work. Very lightweight. Get a 20 percent mesh or bring home some samples for your porch of different weaves would be better. You could easily make a more cultivated look by producing hems and sewn edges. Any nursery or Lowes should have this stuff in bulk. I simply watch your videos over and over again. Tons! of major suprizes! You do know there won't be an end to this Coronavirus 'thing'. Right? This is your new life! I love your home and I especially love this porch. huggs!!

[@dennydargan8731]

You crack me up Doc.

[@nplakias1]

Prof Zentner I have a question, is the Indonesian Archipelago an Oceanic vs Oceanic plate subduction zone? and If yes is the fact that there is more available sea water into the two converging Ocn. Plates the reason for the the unusually large Volcanic Eruptions occurring there? (Toba 75,000 B.C, Tambora 1815 AD, Krakatoa 1883). I know they tell you all the time but you are a really Wonderful Teacher. Thank you very much.

[@mpetersen6]

Large areas in Indonesia that are currently under water during the Ice Age were dry land. Look up Sundaland. So yes its large areas of continental crust. At the same time there are regions where subduction is taking place and there are deep basins. The region between Sumatra and Java is also a hinge point. Sumatra is rotating clockwise with a center point in the Java Straight. Plus the Australian Plate is moving Northwest and being subducted under Indonesia. This subduction zone is what is fueling volcanoes such as Krakatoa, Tambora and others in the region. Toba is a different matter. Toba along with other supervolcanoes are fed by a mantle plume. Mantle plumes are also what feed large igneous zones. Mantle circulation is probably what drives Plate Tectonics. Heat from Earth's core rises causing the mantle to slowly turn over shedding the heat. The Tectonic Plates can be thought of as a scum of cooled material covering a slowly cooling planet.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Your echorelocation worked well. Sound is very good.

[@davidpnewton]

Is there subduction in the Atlantic basin? Yes. It happens in two places. One was mentioned during the video: the Puerto Rico trench which is part of a longer subduction zone running along the line of the Lesser Antilles island arc. Puerto Rico is where the transform motion of the boundary under Jamaica, Hispaniola and Cuba becomes oblique subduction before becoming more head-on subduction further east. The subduction zone extends to where the plate boundary turns again at the edge of South America. The other is much, much further south. The southern end of the Andes has a triple junction where a transform boundary begins, running roughly level with Tierra del Fuego until it reaches east of South Georgia. This is the boundary between the South American and Scotia plates. The other end of that transform boundary sees the Sandwich microplate in between the Scotia plate, a southern extension of the South American plate and the Antarctic plate. Subduction of South American plate material occurs under the Sandwich plate and the resultant backarc extension produces a spreading ridge between the Scotia and Sandwich plates. The South Sandwich Islands are the volcanic arc produced by said subduction. The Lesser Antilles and South Sandwich Islands are the only places in the Atlantic basin where subduction occurs.

[@kurtsteinbach4927]

Taking the pudding analogy one step further: those bits of crust that end up near the core? Well, that's like oxidized and transformed pudding skin stirred to the bottom. That submerged skin never reforms into liquid pudding. It stays skin, but...not quite skin too.

[@minimaker5600]

Aha! The pudding skin is the best part!

[@margreetanceaux3906]

Thank you so much for the Bounty-story! I follow the daily, factual reports of the Yt ‘The Earthmaster’ - no wizardry, just reading out what sensors around the world are telling us. His reports on the Kermadec Trench will never be the same 🥥🍫🥛🥥

[@adriennegormley9358]

just note here that there's a vid I watched a few months ago having to do with tectonics and subduction, etc. I think it was out of UC San Diego. And one of the things mentioned was that, before the NOrth American plate slid as far west as it is, the east Pacific Rise continued north. And if you draw a rough line and follow it north, it pretty much ties up with the Rocky Mts. So even with earthquakes in Idaho and Montana, there's a plate bounday involved. It's just that it's a former oceanic plate that's been bulldozed by the North American plate. I thought that kinda kewl.

[@manuelamarioth5340]

Per Andrew Alden: When two oceanic plates meet, the older plate subducts. Oceanic lithosphere is formed hot and thin at mid-ocean ridges and grows thick as more rock hardens underneath it. As it moves away from the ridge, it cools. Rocks shrink as they cool, so the plate becomes more dense and sits lower than younger, hotter plates. Therefore, when two plates meet, the younger, higher plate has an edge and does not sink.

[@proffd972]

I have question or suggestion... you talk about the great land mass that collided into the washington area to make the mountain ranges in the north west. Could you make the argument that the land mass would have formed like Hawaii islands? What diection is the islands moving? Toward the east or west? 2nd question in one of your lecture videos you mentioned that the hot spot is stable under Yellowstone, like Hawaii's, could you give an overlay where you think the west coast would be in comparison to where it is today. 3rd would the rockies not be there if these crust were not being push into the western coast? 4th would the continent be wider if these plates were not crushing and floding the western part of the N.A. plate?

[@barbaraburkhardt3047]

Did you watch the terrane segments and 3 Yellowstone hot spot/ selitxia segments.

[@jameswyatt5859]

Nice map!

[@stanwashighski3553]

Cool, we've got the same McKenna jug. Also have the 1/10 pint.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Eurasia? One continent? Astounding !! (this student born 1953).

[@mpetersen6]

If one really considers just where the plate boundaries are today we currently are in a partial Supercontinent Phase. Africa, Eurasia, the Arabian Plate, the Indian Sub-Continent and North America are all one continuous block of continental masses. There are suture lines and collision zones where they have collided. The Himalayas and Tibetan Platue from when India smashed into Asia. The Tarsus Mountains because of the Arabian Plate. The Alps being created by Africa moving north and closing the Tethys Ocean. The Urals formed when Europe and Asia merged. Once we look at the Earth with out the oceans it becomes pretty obvious

[@charliemcelveen2418]

I bought one! $8. I had just read chapter 2 the day before you read this! Scratched my head quite a bit while reading...but science is incremental. 😉

[@Lesfrat]

Are plates fusing over time? If you look a pangea animations, the Indo-Australian plate does seem to exist (India and australia moves in different ways)

[@manuelmendes4005]

we have an earthquake, almost nine in 1755 in Lisbon, but we don't have subduction zone, only fault transform between eurasian plate and Africa plate, or you think that there are in beginning of un subduction zone between this two plates?

[@mpetersen6]

The India-Eurasia Convergent Boundry had to have started as a subduction boundry between the Oceanic portions of the two plates or an oceanic/continental subduction as India moved north. Which way was the subduction to start with?

[@PrincessTS01]

lol, I was in the middle of watching this video tonight and we had a 4.6 earthquake in el monte it was 5 miles directly north of my house personally I think it was caused by the oil field next to it.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Yup, less glare.

[@sidbemus4625]

Playing catch up from Canyon Lake.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Nick ! Six feet back, please !!

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

cheers.

[@meanmrmatt]

Those of you disliking this are invited to leave this planet at any time 🥳

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

My teachers used to throw blackboard erasers at me. I threw chalk at my students.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Bowling alley or butcher block wood?

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

I live on the Applachian (or apple chain) Mts. they're not big the way they used to be.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Density gradient. And water is heavy.

[@allencolvin656]

Trans Antarctic mountains??? Or is that an ancient island arc?

[@janerussell3472]

Perhaps Nick could go into serpentines sometime. Water does play a part in subduction [ and metamorphisis ]. I believe there's more jade than there should be [ or is it the other way around? ] which argues against ongoing subduction in N. America. Some people think North American plates are sliding now, rather than subducting, the Farallon plate being almost completly subducted now. That would explain why South America has the long line of active volcanoes., and not North America. Of course there's still some active volcanoes in Washington from what's left of the Juan de Fuca. Jade is found in California and Wyoming. [ sorry if I'm talking nonsense. it's not easy sorting fact from fiction. ] It's interesting to note that earthquakes under the oceans come up at certain levels, the changes in rock, say the olivine-plagioclase boundary.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Pitcairn ?

[@nanspark1870]

Please cover the new Madrid earthquakes

[@hankhankenhunter3876]

Your plates wouldn't collide if you stacked them in the cupboard better.🤣

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Draft beer tap?...or bottle opener.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

NH- The Granite State. (Live free or die)

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

NH (another one)

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

Globe won't precess, huh?

[@allencolvin656]

I would like to send some agates. I am on fb. Thanks, from Chehailis

[@eidrith493]

Abraham Ortelious first proposed continental drift in 1596. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius

[@jameswyatt5859]

Looks like a leather edge burnishing tool ... but it's not, ha!

[@cyndikarp3368]

Yes children should have rock hammers, maybe a smaller size? Everybody should wear eye protection when breaking rocks.

[@nanspark1870]

We need ur chalk board

[@richardgamache1]

Plumb Bob .

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

I decline waiting 100 million years. That's just too old.

[@janerussell3472]

Privelidge for us, the public, to get the insights of a great teacher on his subject. Straight from the horse's mouth, as it were. lol. That's only an expression or saying. Don't take offence. I don't pretend to know much, especially about Washington State. Someone said to me that some scientists pontificate about BBs and BHs and Multiverses, etc., when they can't even explain the 2 body problem ( of Newton ) and the Solar System. The devil's in the detail. In other words, it's easy to speak in generalties; but Nick has has to tackle the specifics, what's actually there. [ And what's been eroded away or changed, of course. ] Let's enjoy this whilst we can.

[@stewartcaldwell5299]

(under my breath) Atlantic wins. It's an alphabetical thing.

[@rinistephenson5550]

There's an old volcano in the Appalachians in Tazewell County.

[@WolfHound762]

Irish death is just a bit too sweet for me.

[@janerussell3472]

One further point; and this is indisputable. Energy comes in at the poles, surfaces in deep quakes in areas like Fuji, then travels around the plate boundaries and edges of cratons to dead end in areas like the Azores and Iceland, dropping off eqs along the way. That may take a week or two weeks. So eqs can be FORECAST. [ the reason energy comes in mostly at the North Pole is because we're travelling through an area of space with two thirds excess photons over anti-photons. That's not exotic. Anti-photons just spin the other way, that's all. Did you look at NASA's 3 years of Sun in 3 minutes? ]

[@rinistephenson5550]

Burke's Garden, VA is in a crater.

[@rinistephenson5550]

Geologists need their own haka.