‘Nick From Home’ Livestream #56 - British Columbia Geology?

CWU's Nick Zentner from his home in Ellensburg, Washington on Tuesday, June 2, 2020 during the global coronavirus pandemic. Nick asks viewers to help steer him to interesting geology in the Canadian province of British Columbia.

[@AvanaVana]

I didn't get to participate in this livestream, but I just thought I'd leave a few of my favorite pieces of BC geology: BC is full of all kinds of unusual and recent volcanism. Some of this is obviously related to the Cascades and the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate, for example, Mt. Garibaldi/Black Tusk/The Barrier, and there are interesting things there, for example, "The Barrier" in Garibaldi Provincial Park is a Lava Dam created when the Garibaldi volcanic field erupted next to a Pleistocene Ice Sheet, and formed a huge Lava Dam that is currently the only thing holding in Lake Garibaldi from catastrophically inundating the valley below. But beyond this well known volcanism, there are several other examples of recent volcanism that are not so easy to explain tectonically. The Garibaldi volcanic province includes the Mount Meager complex, which produced the largest eruption in BC in recent times 2000 years ago, and the Silverthrone Caldera. These volcanoes are active but mantled by snow, and remote, so the Canadians have only begun to realize the imminent hazards associated with these volcanoes. Of 200 potentially active volcanoes in BC, 49 have erupted in the past 10,000 years. - Mt. Edziza, Mt. Edziza Volcanic Complex, & the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province: This massive volcanic province, perhaps best typified by the Mt Edziza Complex, is a region of recent, mostly mafic volcanism that forms huge shield volcanoes and cinder cones in the northern and central part of BC. Hence, there is no subduction, and there is no known hot spot. The most recent thought is that it is perhaps related to extension and orogenic collapse of the Canadian Cordillera, and may have something to do with magma moving along structures re-activated (extensionally) between the major terranes of the Canadian cordillera (Quesnel, Omineca, Stikinia, Yukon-Tanana, Okanagan, etc). There are a number of other mafic cones and flows scattered around BC as well. (Tseax cone, for example, which destroyed native BC people's (the Nisga'a) villages in historical time even, only 250 years ago, and Level Mountain are some good examples.) - The Anahim Volcanic Belt, is a hotspot track that cuts through central-lower BC. One of few examples of continental hotspot tracks (along with Yellowstone/SRP). - Wells-Grey/Clearwater Volcanic Field: This field of Pleistocene to Recent volcanism, was originally thought to be connected to the Anahim hotspot, but it is too far inland and too old to be part of the age-progression, and located off-trend of the track. Little seems to be known about its tectonic setting. - Queen Charlotte Fault Volcanism: All along the strike-slip Queen Charlotte Fault are examples of recent volcanism. Strike-slip volcanism? Maybe a transtensional component? Leaky transform faults? The Iskut-Unuk Volcanic Cones, including one with the creative name of the "Volcano" are well known examples of this, as well as the massive Mt. Edgecumbe stratovolcano just north of Haida Gwaii, in far southern insular Alaska, which has erupted numerous times in historical time. There are also some slightly older volcanic rocks in Haida Gwaii associated with the Queen Charlotte Fault, too young to be related to Kula/Resurrection plate slab failure/slab window magmatism. One of the really interesting things about BC volcanism is that it provides some of the best examples on the planet of Glaciovolcanic formations. This includes steep-sided "Tuya" volcanoes, erupted subglacially, during the Pleistocene glaciation, as well as other interesting glacier-volcano interactions and distinct volcanic rock facies. Besides the volcanic stuff, I find the assembly of the terranes that make up BC during the Late Paleozoic and, Mesozoic to be really interesting, Insular superterrane, Insular Superterrane (Quesnel, Omineca, Yukon-Tanana, Okanagan, Stikinia, Cache Creek, etc)... there is a really complicated history of subduction reversal, ribbon microcontinents, back-arc spreading, similar to Washington state, but on a much larger scale, involving arcs of massive size. And then you have the whole long-standing Laurentian margin, stretching back from the breakup of Rodinia, a long-lived passive margin that was imbricated and raised into the Canadian rockies in the past 90 million years, and includes such formations as the famous Cambrian Burgess Shale.

[@christinakaur8766]

My 9 day old absolutely loves your lectures, Nick! Watched your lectures and "from home" during my pregnancy, labour, and recovery. Cianán definitely knows your voice and finds your words soothing. Cheers 💙🙂✌🏻

[@bgschultz]

Thanks Nick for trying to connect the dots. I think you have more than enough on your plate with Washington state but your interest in British Columbia is appreciated. We need more individuals like you, Randal Carlson and others to explain some of these mysteries on You Tube & PBS. Keep up the good work. Blaine Kaslo BC

[@jamesplant5280]

One of my favorite episodes. It highlights that the greatest learning adventures are often spontaneous flights of groups of inquisitive minds, flocking like sparrows, rather than waddling in line behind someone in the front like a parade of ducks, all with a restricted perspective of feathered butts. Cheers from Vancouver Island, BC.

[@Ellensburg44]

I really like your comment, James. Thank you.

[@jamesplant5280]

With regards to evidence for fast moving glacial waters flowing from BC to Washington, I was wondering if the large number of pot holes in North Central/Eastern Washington State might be a hint? Instead of linear gouges from ice, pot holes are indicative (I've heard) of turbulence from fast flowing water. Overhanging spiral grooves in their walls would pretty well be the smoking gun if they existed. Just a Sunday afternoon pondering. Cheers

[@hollsee9266]

I just found you since being off with the virus and I am so happy. I work in the dental field but geology is a real passion of mine. I live in British Columbia in North Vancouver but do travel to the interior to just east of Kamloops. We often take the old Hwy which parallels the Coquihalla. We go through Merrit and through Quilchena. Whilst en route through there you can see lots of old lava flows I believe from the Miocene era. It’s so captivating and so interesting. I took my boyfriend to Wells Grey Park. He never knew anything about it. Love your programs and you have answered so many questions I had about eastern Washington. Thanks so much. Look forward to more episodes.

[@floydt2029]

Thank-you Nick for your time and very interesting presentation -former B.C. resident now in Alberta -love Geology!

[@jeromelesemann1855]

ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN BC? Best to think of them as volcanic areas. Many are dormant so not extinct but not actively erupting either. Mt. Meager and Garibaldi near the coast (in the volcanic arc linked to the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate). These erupted ~ 2500 yrs ago. Mt. Meager showed recent signs of activity and is a major source of hazards for communities around that area. Other volcanic areas...central BC (Quesnel area) has some volcanic cones (Nazco Cone) linked to a possible hotspot. Wells Gray-Clearwater area... those discussed last night that erupted under the ice, and Northern BC (Edziza system) both related to some crustal extension (rifting???).

[@Poppageno]

Jerome, Thanks so much for taking the time to reply and improve our understanding of the forces still at work that make our world!

[@geoffgeorges]

@@ducthman4737 I seem to remember seeing flood basalts around Lillooet ????

[@jeromelesemann1855]

@@geoffgeorges You'd definitely have seen flood basalts. The basalts are references to composition (mafic, extrusive rocks) and the 'flood' basalts usually refer to the extent of the eruptions and their areal coverage. The Chilcotin basalts which you likely saw a part of do cover a large area and likely would have behaved like the large fissure eruptions you'd see in Washington State (Columbia River Flood Basalts). I don't think they are mapped that well because of glacial sediments covering the basalts, so they could be much more extensive than we currently know.

[@timleduc1493]

Hello from Chehalis, WA! Just got turned onto your lecture series about a week ago, great information, love your delivery. As a retired surface coal miner, I was actually in the reclamation aspect of it for 31 years, I find your geology lectures very interesting. One of my favorite places in BC is Bowron Lakes Provincial Park. One of the few places in the world where you can canoe roughly 80 miles in a circle through a series of lakes and rivers ending up where you started from without ever backtracking. In the foothills of the Canadian Rockies, due east of Quesnel. Assume they are glacial lakes but would love to learn more.

[@b.c.2281]

I live in BC and binged the entirety of your lectures last year(evidently before this was released). I loved them and wished you ventured north of the border and lo and behold, you did. I've worked in mining most of my adult life so it's something I've always been fascinated with. Thanks so much Nick!

[@michaelhusar3668]

I'm addicted to watching Nick explain geology.

[@djcloutier3576]

Thank you Nick & Jerome for answering my question if the scraped rock across the hwy from the Chief were caused by glaciers. Now I know. Hi from Squamish, BC. Have been to a few places in Eastern WA, because of you lecture series and clicked on this right away hoping to go touring around BC and stopping at interesting geological features.

[@geoffgeorges]

have you seen the same at the Papoose, very cool, also at the top of the chief, thats a lot of ice.

[@mtrphtgrphr]

I have only recently discovered your videos and lecture series but your knowledge and passion as well as your enthusiasm for the subject matter is evident and enjoyable to watch in each of the talks that I have seen. I moved to the South Okanagan / Similkameen region of British Columbia about 18 years ago and I have been interested in geological history of this area. I have really enjoyed learning about the history of the Washington and Oregon regions and I was hoping to find some information about the areas a little further north when I found this replay of your live stream. Thank you for all of the work that you do in making your presentations as well as making them available online, they are very informative and inspire the imagination.

[@jonijohnson679]

I was looking for Geology videos and found this - he's funny and smart and it's been a blast to tune in every evening. If you like geology, it's the best. There is also a lively group of people chatting on the side. He answers questions from the chat side at the end. I am really enjoying it. Great way to survive the quarantine - keep your brain busy.

[@2ddw]

21:59 - so does what you're saying mean that if not for the basalt flows in WA and OR, eastern WA would look like BC? As in the Monashees, Selkirks, and Purcells would extend all the way to Oregon and maybe well into Oregon?

[@ericsarnoski6278]

I so missed your lectures. Glad you found a way to continue sharing your knowledge. Thanks.

[@RugPull]

Congratulations on 10k subscribers. Well deserved!

[@mrparrehesian1742]

NICK! My man, : ) Good to see you again, love all your presentations. Was watching the Higher education affiliated content then you were gone for some time. Glad to see you have a channel. Aloha from Vancouver Island!

[@BC_Geoff]

Thanks for this lecture about my amazing home province. I hope you can make it up here soon!!

[@johnrawson8798]

Koo Roo, Koo Koo, Koo Koo Koo!!! From Kokanee creek BC! You are the best Professor I never had. Love all of the candid talks. Finally something a little closer to me... We would love to see you up here in the west Kootenay. Cody caves on Kootenay Lake, Kokanee Glacier, Salmo & Ymir, Slocan valley Valhala!....... Thanks again Nick Just a guy who likes rocks, gotta pocket full of leaverite and then some? Johnny

[@pollyb.4648]

"... Almost a thousand" 2 years ago. Twenty-five thousand now!! You are a wonder Nick Zentner! 💜

[@pollyb.4648]

But you won't let that go to your head 'cause you're a good boy. lol Excited for Baha-BC!

[@stevesmith997]

Hi Nick. I love your content. If you are looking for an interesting BC geological story to chase down, the story of how the mighty Fraser River came to be is a good one. My understanding is that geological changes from the last ice age event led to the Fraser "pirating" other streams and rivers, taking it from a medium sized coastal drainage to the huge system it is now. Follow the Fraser basically from just west of the Alberta border/continental divide all the way to the massive delta which is continually extending towards Vancouver Island today. The Fraser Canyon area north of Pavillion is particularly scenic. Not far from there you will find the Marble range, a karst (ironically) formation that I think would fall in the category of exotic terrane. Hope to see you up here soon.

[@bgschultz]

I agree the Fraser would be a wonderful story. It's hard to believe that the Fraser system drains 25% of British Columbia and that it all narrows down to 33 metres wide at Hell's Gate. From 100 ft deep during a normal freshet, up to 200 ft deep on a year like 1894 or 1948! Then there's the theory of ice dam that broke near Walachin and cascaded down the Thompson, then the Fraser and deposited gravel across the Stait of Juan de Fuca on Vancouver Island. How little we know.

[@jolenebroccolo4719]

Hi Nick! I started listening to your podcasts last year and was excited to find your video on BC. I live in Penticton and I was thrilled to see that you have the Geology of British Columbia book. We are very lucky to have Richard Cannings as our elected MP here. I would love to hear an update about your learning on British Columbia since you made this video. And when you are able to come up to travel BC, I imagine you could arrange a really neat meet and greet/group hike through many places in the Okanagan alone. You absolutely will need to check out the Skaha Bluffs, it is a world famous rock climbing site in Penticton. There are so many very unique and interested places to explore! Thanks for sharing your education!

[@jessicaharrison4888]

Hey! I’m in Kaleden! Let’s go rock hunting or for a hike sometime!

[@jolenebroccolo4719]

@@jessicaharrison4888 no way! I grew up in Kaleden! And yes, that would actually be so awesome. Can you send me a DM? I have no idea how KZbin works haha

[@jessicaharrison4888]

@@jolenebroccolo4719 haha!! I don't know either!! I clicked on your page, but I didn't see a message button. You can find me on fb or instagram beyondzenjess :) can't wait :)

[@peteparker7396]

New to your videos Mr. Zentner! Wide awake in Florida watching.

[@wishteria234]

Thanks Nick from Vancouver BC

[@vulcanville]

Four years, one month later.... thanks Nick! Gosh, I have always loved this subject. And it shaped my life, too, through mineral exploration. Here where I live east of Prince Rupert, many of the mountains are made of intrusive granodiorite now poking up in relief.

[@sharonseal9150]

Fun to watch this again looking back from spring 2024 and all that has happened since then. Congratulations again to Joel and Jerome for the 2024 paper. Hoping to hear more in the coming months and years!

[@bctrails7206]

Have been following since your vid on flood basalts and your Columbia river drainage lectures, great content! reminded me much of the B.C. interior regions and was very interested in the simalarity of some geologic features you highlighted in the Liberty Washington gold mine speech. Was an instant sub when i discovered you have your own channel, cheers!

[@Marco-fn6kg]

thanks for this Nick!

[@rongaul8169]

Nick, the wisest man, is he who can admit that he does not know everything. Loved the broad cast. I think there is a way you can split screen broadcast. So you and Jerome could lecture together.

[@stever2583]

Just found this, Wow - Thank You. I've subscribed and liked - cant wait for anything else you post. Red Mtn. B.C.

[@lukeskywalker6624]

Keep up the good work! I love the passion that have for geology.

[@jeromelesemann1855]

TERRANE NAMES ... lots of names for terranes due to the fact that there are many of these microcontinents that have accreted of form part of the 'BC Assemblage'. To keep it simple, from West to East: Insular Terrane (on the coast, including Vancouver Island), Coast belt, Intermontane terrane (the biggest), Omineca Belt. The intermontane contains many other terranes including Quesnelia, Cache Creek terrane, Stikinia, etc

[@Marco-fn6kg]

Thanks Jerome!

[@markvincent522]

This is so unbelievably rad. I should’ve majored in geology.

[@Rishnai]

The honest confusion of a more-expert live presenter can work wonders to assuage the deeper confusion of less-expert learners. Same principle as encouraging students to ask questions in class. Rewatching this one every time I arrive at new confusion

[@mikekirk1513]

Not summer 2020, but 2021? I hope so. Thanks for sharing geology with us Nick.

[@Poppageno]

Thoroughly enjoyable Nick! Looking forward to the San Andreas stream, the 89 quake epicenter was @11 miles from my home. I was home with the kids when it hit, by the time I realized it was a big one could only get to the front doorway. Inside everything was coming out of the kitchen cabinets and off the mantle. Outside I could look out at the redwoods everyone looked like a giant was grabbing them and shaking the poo out them!

[@hollsee9266]

Flood Basalts are mostly found in Ashcroft, BC. Just East of Merritt onwards towards Kamloops and south through Kelowna and Penticton. Squamish has a gigantic Granite Batholith called the Chief. You see it as you drive into Squamish and from there you can see Mt Garibaldi and Black Tusk, and Diamond Head. All volcanic. I wished I never missed this live stream. The road east of Hope, BC brings you through Box Car Canyon which is all Granite slate rock. There is a volcano there that is Mt Coquihalla but it’s not part of the Cascades it’s part of the Thompson Nicola Region. Our volcanoes are hidden behind mountains not so noticeable.

[@PlayNowWorkLater]

So fun to watch this years later. I wish I had been there to help him with the Tintina trench/fault. Tin-tea-Na. Been to it many times, it’s talked about lots in my neck of the woods, The Yukon. Nick is awesome!

[@christophercarr5865]

A story of the _entire_ Ancestral Cascades Arc would be neat -- from the Southern Segment in Nevada/California, to the apparent slab tear between Shasta and Lassen, up into BC.

[@Roarmeister2]

Looks like you've been watching Chris Yorath's KZbin video (Where Terranes Collide: The Geology of Western Canada, 1993) He's since retired but he also had excellent communication skills in explaining geology.

[@dennisalbertson9335]

Nick, I was wondering if northern Washington, north of the German chocolate cake, give us some idea for the Baja-BC rocks? I rarely get to see you live but really enjoy the replays. Dennis age 56 from Bremerton.

[@geoffgeorges]

I recommend the Geology of the N. Cascades- RW Tabor, a sort of road side geology- but hikes.

[@dennisalbertson9335]

@@geoffgeorges on wish list for father's day. As well as the roadside geology of Washington.

[@hughdanaher2758]

Love your broadcasts! How about a talk on Ophiolites, possibly the formations where gold deposits originated.

[@drocles]

So excited for this, i just came back to edmonton from visiting family in Kelowna. I managed to sneak away with my kids and climb the volcano mount Boucherie. We picked up many interesting volcanic rock as well as some beautiful breccia from the okanagan lake

[@hollsee9266]

Whistler and Blackcomb are just east of Mt Garibaldi. There is columnar rock you can see from the highway. You drive through it. There is a waterfall just east of Whistler called Brandywine Falls. It is all Basalt Rock much like Snowqualmie Falls.

[@dk3062]

Garibaldi is such an interesting place!

[@hollsee9266]

@@dk3062 it is... I hiked up there in grade 12 and we camped out for 2 nights. It was one of the best trips I had. I should have gone into geology and became a geologist over going into dental. I just love the westcoast and all of the exotic terranes that we have. It is so awesome. Nick has pieced it all together for me. I love it.

[@rongaul8169]

Ok Nick, I’ll get you a codfish and some Screech, and get you “Screeched in”, as a Newfie. That was a great Bob and Doug MacKenzie call. 😂😂😂

[@WizenedVariations1]

While your presentation before groups are very good, your live chats are priceless.

[@Ellensburg44]

Thank you!

[@PrincessTS01]

Please film your trip to BC. I've seen videos from Exploring Abandoned Mines in BC youtube channel, which have geological formations that are amazing, that land is beautiful inside and out.

[@anderw2]

Was Baja -> B.C. volcanic activity that ended up on top of an oceanic plate, and then moved north? Or was it continental plate?

[@ganggreensantiago202]

You will need boat access when you come visit B.C. To see some of the required brilliance! Thanks from Vancouver!

[@416dl]

I'm not disciplined enough to schedule for the live stream but sure do feel like it and for something so informal I am mightily impressed with how casual and yet engaging it can be, the way good learnin' should be. Cheerio.

[@JenniferLupine]

Nice intro to BC- looking forward to learning more about our neighbors :)

[@jeromelesemann1855]

GLACIAL LAKES... lots in BC at the end of the last ice age. They are a big part of the way the cordilleran ice sheet melts. All the meltwater either drains away from the ice sheet as it's produced or gets ponded in the deep valleys of BC for some time. Therefore, big lake networks at the end of the last ice age in southern BC (Okanagan Valley, Merritt, Kamloops). Also an enormous lake around the central Interior and the city of Prince George. Some mention last night of lakes on top of the ice sheet... yes - also possible to have that, and water stored under the ice sheet, as well as in front of it. This creates complex timing for drainage and different lines of evidence. The other effect is that the lake basins filled with sediments and cities are now built on these lake deposits so the glacial events now affect the stability of slopes (silt/clay banks that can be unstable), the availability of groundwater... and the ability to grow fruit and grapes and make wine on those fertile lake sediment benches (Okanagan Valley and the southern Okanogan to the Columbia River in WA).

[@larrygrimaldi1400]

Thanks for doing this, what a good sport you are for putting up with all these time-delaying comments!

[@tinman610]

Coming from a geo north of the border, you have a lifetime of BC geology in front of you. I dont even know how you could make a career out of eastern Washington in comparison. Come visit us sometime. And thanks for taking a leap.

[@jeromelesemann1855]

GOLD AND MINERLIZATION... many, many mines (active/inactive) throughout BC and a good number are associated with the terranes. Mineralization (creating, Gold, Silver, Copper) seem associated with the volcanic systems that accreted or that formed with the volcanism involved in subduction and accretion. These are part of similar systems that gave rise to mining districts in Idaho and northern Washington (Republic, WA area). Likely others would be central WA if it wasn't all buried by the Columbia River Flood Basalts.

[@MrGoinred]

Hey Nick, would be happy to show you around the Rossland Range, south end of the Monashees. You can see the old NA plate overlooking the Columbia

[@geoffgeorges]

Tip department : I recommend driving up Rt1 along the Fraser to Lillooet, basalt, then go up to Marble canyon- marble. I have only done it in the winter for the ice climbing, the drive should be less horrifying in the summer.

[@krisbailey4279]

Hello and thank you, from BC..🍻

[@wildedibles819]

Cool hope you have fun in British Columbia when you get there :) lots to see I lived up in Tumbler ridge .... Dawson Creek was close an hour north of where i lived Dawson Creek is mile 0 of the Alaska highway Lots of dianosoar prints and fern and coral fossils caves lots of fun

[@CaliforniaBushman]

Now I'll know what to expect topologically when I drive up to Vancouver and ask to be granted Asylum to escape violence from our underdeveloped country.

[@sueferreira9711]

Nick, I love your lectures but cannot believe you and your colleagues on both sides of the border don't envision the geology of the entire continent and collaborate closely. The 49th Parallel is not a geological barrier!

[@stephenmitchell243]

The Cariboo in Central BC has flood basalt along the Fraser River between the community's of McLeese Lake and Kersley. Hourglass Falls is a cool place to see the columns too in Alexandria.

[@kathryncase9253]

Thanks again, Nick.

[@kater_5401]

I know I came late to this but I really liked this video! Did you ever get up to see more of BC last summer ? I thought maybe it would have been postponed due to the pandemic and border closures 😞

[@heidihenderson9696]

Nick, you definitely need to connect with Dr. Jim Haggart at the GSC in Vancouver. If you head up to BC, drop me a jingle and I will take you out to some sites. I'm shooting a series for TELUS Optik TV. If it works out (or you've worked out the exotic terrances to the south of us) you could do an episode.

[@jeromelesemann1855]

TERRANE EXTENT... forget the political boundaries... the terrane assemblage in western North America extends from California to Alaska/Yukon. The names vary - this makes for its own challenge when dealing with US/Canadian maps. The rocks vary along individual terranes so the 'slivers' of microcontinents are rarely continuous from Alaska-BC-PNW-California.

[@wendyvallaster]

McIntyre Bluff at the south end of the Glacial Penticton Lake housed an ice dam at the southern end of the Okanagan glacial lobe, which finally collapsed, causing flooding directly south into Washington...

[@PaulHigginbothamSr]

I suspect San Juan hotspots come from the cascade volcano faults. Probably a crack during the spinning of the entire area extending westward from either Baker or glacier peak. Eastward hotspots are also near Stewart and lake Chelan.

[@Andrew-rm9op]

My only regret in life is that I didn't find Nick on here sooner.

[@jeremiedunning5963]

hey Nick take a drive up the old nicola lake highway from Merritt to Kamloops, there is a chain of lakes with a narrow tight valley at the north end (kamloops)opening up to a wide rolling grrassland at the south end near Merritt. And the west side of nicola lake near Merritt has got large granite out crops and this other dark green rock. Alot of the rolling hills look to me like they were once under water. But what do I know Im just a builder I have watched most of your lectures which are great by the way Ive learned so much from your lectures Man. Im guessing were are close to the same age, I used to be an avid rock climber and am totally fascinated with geology. I have seen all of Joe Rogans interviews with Randall Carlson. There are a few features on this drive to Kamloops. One of which are these scatterd boulders at the north end of stump lake that seem really out of place. another is this tight chasm between Napier lake and stump lake. And I dont know where I heard this but supposedly nicola lake is an ancient glacial lake?? Somthing to look into. i live in Chilliwack BC but spent my childhood in the Merritt area and I always lhought alot of the area around nicola lake looked like it had been under water. Man if you ever come up here for a field trip I would love to take part. I would love to hear what someone thinks about this area who knows about this shit. How can we get in contact, i would be more than happy to be an uneducated guide (geology wise), but i am very familliar with the kamloops merritt and okanagan areas. And would love to be your guide in exchange for knowledge. Ill be whatching, just subscribed this evening buddy, ROCK ON NiCK Jeremie Dunning

[@jeromelesemann1855]

Jeremie, all the interior valleys (merritt, Nicola, Okanagan, Kamloops, etc) had glacial lakes that were dammed intermittently. Those valleys had lakes with water levels that were probably 100-140 m higher than the modern valley floor... so you can sometimes see old shorelines on the hillsides. The other side to this is that those deeper lakes are now gone because they drained and some of the features you describe around stump lake, rock canyons, big stranded boulders are very likely linked to those drainages that were 'catastrophic' (sudden, and energetic). So there's lot's going on and this is just over the last few thousand years, we're not even talking about the rocks that make up the valleys!

[@tomwargin6100]

Routs and Rocks is the book we used on our two week backing vacation on Glacier Peak bAckin -1974 just started browsing it agIn

[@MrBonners]

With the mining industry in BC and oil in Alberta there is a massive knowledge base of what is under our feet. Public domain access.

[@hollsee9266]

The Mission Hills Volcano is bear Mt Boucherie that is a old Volcano probably from the glacial times. There is also a volcanic mountain called “Layer Cake Mountain.

[@wildedibles819]

I think scientists get in depth and crack the code but combining everything together with other sciences dont really blend or talk to eachother Need more researchers like you putting it together And getting help from us ;) gets other people attention and might bring more people together to learn more Thanks so much for being you! much love xoxox thanks

[@darylvogel5382]

Wow,,! your lectures are exceptional they should be used to instruct all other professors on how to give meaningful lectures...

[@Dontrustmycamera]

I appreciate the heck out of you sir! Q: What do you call the geomorphologic representation of a glacier-based cosmic interaction? A: The Niagara Escarpment, just ask Prince George 😁

[@sandyvaneysinga2103]

Check out BC's Level Mountain, a huge shield volcano visible from space. It might be fueled by a hotspot similar to Yellowstone! Yet no one know about it. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_Mountain

[@larrygrimaldi1400]

One problem is the chat is about 15 minutes delayed from the live feed.

[@linsfruit5240]

What’s your mailing address Nick ? Sorry I cannot watch live 😂4am in Qatar is too early I can do it on the weekend 👍👏👏

[@Ellensburg44]

please email me [e-mail]

[@squamishfish]

I am surprised, Marine biologists from the Universities of British Columbia , and Washington state and places like the Vancouver aquarium and Seattle aquarium , work together and know each other well , which makes sense as we share the same ocean, I thought the geology people would be the same ,

[@wildedibles819]

Lol so way up north in Tumbler ridge theres a huge river bed area that looks like it would have held soo much water crazy amount But a tiny river running thought it maybe 20 feet wide ten feet deep But the area could hold more water.... major wash out pan areas too Ice pulgs maybe stopping melt water then breaking free Interesting stuff to even guess at

[@MrBonners]

South Alaska is where the ocean plate perpendicular plunge under N. American plate so of course some of Mexico bits would jumble up there.

[@hollsee9266]

They have always said the rocks on Vancouver Island, Queen Charlottes came from the South Pacific.

[@stephanielesis7010]

Patrick you rock dude 7 years old and counting

[@mikekirk1513]

Nick, you might want to zero in on Mount Meagher, just north of Pemberton, British Columbia. It's a volcano about 2ma. 6-7 craters at its summit.

[@williammontgrain6544]

Looks like there's a slip fault structure running from Bully Choop Mt. in Northern California, along the western border of the Central Valley all the way south to McKittrick, maybe Maricopa. Could this have played a role or is it too young?

[@joesutherland225]

The terrains up around terrace prince Rupert area are spectacular also Kootenay which perhaps most closely associated with the area of most interest to you van Island north to south also gulf islands.

[@mpetersen6]

I'm kind of chuckling over the map that shows a rough outline of North America roughly 1.8BA. Here in fly over country (WI) I see the West and East Coasts are Johnny come latelies to the party. Perhaps the best description of the geology of the PNW and parts of Alaska is it's a Geological Train Wreck. Exotic Terranes slipping north from what is now Mexico. Others being bulldozed by the North American Plate as it moves west over the Kula, Juan de Fuca and Fallaron oceanic plates. The Mantle Plume that is now under the Yellowstone along with other plumes forming igneous provinces that get scraped off of the oceanic plates to dock with North America. Scortese's plate tectonic animations get mentioned here a lot. At some point in the future geologists will have uncovered enough information to produce highly detailed animations of the building of Western North America. There are othe questions I have regarding certain features of North America. The Brooks Range in Alaska. Is it similiar to the Appalachians in that the formed in a previous collision of continental plates and if so were are their twins. Is Iceland the region where the break up of Northern Pangea began due to the Magma Plume there beginning the rift that is today the spreading center and did that spreading center then extend south until it merged with another one.

[@wildedibles819]

Kamloops lol my uncle and step dad drove transports through there in the winter because no one wanted that run they made more money But its very dangerous in the winter especially big trucks i could just imagine

[@jamesdownard1510]

Re @35:00 Alan Hildebrand's 2015 paper (with that chart) is available at www.roberthildebrand.com/pubs/GSAT.pdf

[@jamesdownard1510]

I mean Robert ... brain fart on my part

[@MrHarley2112]

i live on Vancouver island... i tell people in the east i'm leaving Canada with every earthquake...and they get sad... :D

[@christophercarr5865]

I wouldn't mind y'all leaving to join Oregon and Washington -- we'll make a nice little Nordic Model-type country with rad infrastructure; get us an ultra-high-speed rail system from Vancouver to Portland. Whadaya think? ... OK, OK, no sedition in Nick's comments. :-)

[@foxymacadoo]

I do have to correct myself for my question about shale on Vancouver Island. I should have said slate, not shale, which is sometimes created from Valcanic ash from what I understand. I know there is a good area in the Alberni Valley that has cliffs of slate. Plus have seen slate near the top of Mt. Arrowsmith and in the Cameron Valley. Also have seen slate in the Ash Valley and many other mountains and valleys around Port Alberni and on Vancouver Island. I use to live in Port Alberni and know the sorrounding area fairly well.

[@MrBonners]

Most of the central lakes of BC were gouged out by the ice movement. They are long trough shaped. Rock cliff fall off point often only at 10 feet depth point and drops high 100s of feet. Warm-ish water to swim in.

[@foxymacadoo]

Was wondering how many known Volcano's are on Vancouver Island? And do they have names?

[@VIBCTrevorInscho]

from my own personal research, I have not come across "volcano's" but, I do have documented "cone's". Currently (March/2021) putting something together. Hope to have it produced on my channel soon.

[@foxymacadoo]

@@VIBCTrevorInscho From what Nick says and other Geologist a cone is part of a volcano. I remember back in high school years ago my geology teacher saying Mt. Arrowsmith was the partial remains of the rim of a huge old volcano. I know most geologist say it was formed by underwater eruptions during the Triassic age and is a exotic terrane. I am kind of wondering if both are correct. My line of thought is it was formed possibly after or just before the exotic terrane reached the surface of the ocean by a hotspot, known, unknown or long gone hotspot. Will be watching your channel for your video on this topic.

[@VIBCTrevorInscho]

@@foxymacadoo update & apologies : fyi , still working on putting together that 'personal research project', it is coming along. Only have about 3 more lines of 15' increments to go on the southern end of vancouver island, should be faster to stitch together. Started in the south >> north ( originally ) to get my bearings on what way I wanted to organize the materials, but its coming. In terms of "CONES" , I have just learned that not only do we have cones on the West Coast, in the West Coast Complex but we have cones on the East Side too ! TOPIC : Mt Arrowsmith. Was wondering if we could apply the < WHITE BOARD > knowledge of Nick's video ; kzbin.info/www/bejne/e3rWmoqii9Nge7c > 0:32:05 | 1:27:24 . Take care , and always where gloves while handling rocks.

[@VIBCTrevorInscho]

BTW - Still have your original question on my " HIT LIST ". Yes, Mt. Arrowsmith has a Large Area of Granite under it, but I am leaning more to Mt Sicker as being a Said Volcano.

[@foxymacadoo]

@@VIBCTrevorInscho Interesting. It interests me because I have been to Mt. Arrowsmith and along Cameron River (Cameron main road) and surrounding area many times in the past when I lived in Port Alberni. Defiantly granite is easy to find, even some at the old "ski" area near the top. Lots of other rocks, signs of different minerals, some coal etc. as well. During the years I lived in Port Alberni, my Father and I did a lot of back road exploring rather than fishing, which was what we usually started out to do lol We went to the area often as well as the Ash Valley and Nahmint areas as well on the old logging roads. Arrowsmith area was always different than the other areas somehow. Glad My question is on your "hit list" lol

[@rays2877]

Your questions have certainly peaked my interest in my province. Well Gray park is another park worthy of you time.

[@HotelPapa100]

48.16 "Thousands of miles thick" Got a bit carried away there...

[@swirvinbirds1971]

Pretty sure he meant feet there. Yea, miles would be a little bit of an overstatement.

[@bgschultz]

Well, maybe one. Great that someone is trying to tie this all together.

[@hughdanaher2758]

Southern end of the Sierra Nevada Mts. merges with the Transverse Range and continues north with the Salinian granites-your basic 180.

[@hollsee9266]

I missed the live stream. You mentioned Mt Garibaldi. In that area is Mt Cayley, Mt Fee, Ring Mtn, Opal Cone. There is also the Pemberton group which includes Mt Meagher just east of Whistler. There is the Chilcoltin group just east if Williams Lake. Just north east of Kamloops in a area called Wells Grey Park there is a big volcanic field there that stretches as far North of Quesnel and almost just west of the Rockies.

[@hollsee9266]

West of Williams Lake not east. East if Williams Lake is Wells Grey Park.

[@markgladney1836]

You asked. The sound quality is very good.

[@gregrymelnechuk4791]

I SUSPECT THAT BAHA BC AND THE MAINLAND BOUNDARY IS NEAR THE FRASER RIVER THAT RUNS NORTH TO SOUTH FROM PRINCE GEORGE TO LYTON,, BC. WHERE IT MEETS THE THOMPSON RIVER. DURING THE LAST ICE AGE THE THOMPSON RIVER SYSTEM PROBABLY DRAINED INTO THE OKANOGAN RIVER. CHEERS GREG FROM KAMLOOPS. LOVE YOUR WORK.

[@mikekirk1513]

The Anahim Volcanic Belt. Anahim, not Anaheim. It's in ceñtral west British Columbia.