Making test tube liquid rockets

[@theCodyReeder]

I need to start working on rockets again.

[@halukonal1400]

Hi Cody, I really love your channel. It would be great if you two made a collab.

[@radicaledwards3449]

I blast whenever I can

[@jacobriddle7230]

Yes

[@minos6187]

please do! ill be waiting ;)

[@minos6187]

@@halukonal1400 yes!

[@Shawntawnproductions]

Hello, I work at a company called AstroTech here outside the Kennedy Space Center where I regularly handle hypergolic propellants, mainly Dinitrogen Tetroxide and UDMH. My main job is as a Hypergolic Technician, we fuel satellites preparing for launch. I do not know your credentials and connections, but I do not suggest making any video with hydrazine unless you are wearing a full SCAPE suit with the proper training and other safety measures and equipment on hand. As I’m sure you know propellants like hydrazine can cause incredible health problems including cancer after being exposed to as little at 3.5PPM. I’d love to see you experiment with these chemicals but please be safe, these are some of the nastiest chemicals out there, which is why I love working with them!

[@CamRStanford]

Blah blah blah safety kids! Fun nazi

[@Warriorcat49]

@@CamRStanford Not sure if you're joking, or actually completely ignorant as to how dangerous hydrazine is. This isn't the "oops, we spilled a bit, better put on some gloves" kind of stuff, it's the "oops, we spilled a bit, guess we'll all die in five years of acute leukemia" kind of stuff.

[@rootabeta9015]

I've read The Martian, you don't need to convince me that Hydrazine is terrifying :)

[@Pointyy]

@@Warriorcat49 Mmmmmm, the sweet smell of unsymmetrical diethylhydrazine...

[@Ang3lUki]

Is that level of PPE only neccesary for occupational hydrazine exposure? Keep in mind you work with a *lot* more hydrazine on a daily basis. Nile has a fully equipped laboratory, I think he knows what he is doing.

[@justinwalker5274]

Alternate video title: "In which Nile Red tests the structural integrity of test tubes and attempts to set fire to Montreal."

[@smellscarly301]

lmaoooo I wish

[@MarcAntoine01]

Gone wrong OMG 😯😯

[@nunyabisnass1141]

"This just in, Montreal is reduced to a smoldering cinder!" "In related news, the United States erects statue observing the first 'NileRed Day,' commemorating Canada's liberation from Montreal.

[@nekomasteryoutube3232]

What? Montreal? Fuck, another KZbinr I didn't know was Canadian (Probably the closest to me as well since i live in Toronto)

[@MmeHyraelle]

I knew nile was canadian, but not from my area :o

[@floo1465]

I love how the second test just had a short “Woo!” as its sound.

[@sogstillsleep]

xD I thought that was Nile screaming

[@enzuki]

That sounds like the sound from a jumpscare. All you need is to put a scary face with the sound

[@somerandomcuberyt3384]

It's having fun almost burning down his building lol

[@wizardbrick2541]

Sounds more like a wow

[@defnotdrago]

WOW! Is what I heard

[@aparioss1072]

4:25 mixture suddenly ignites in face Nilered: "getting a bit more comfortable with this mixture"

[@Pythnn]

Well now he knows it'll blow up in his face, instead of thinking it might

[@aparioss1072]

Jack Byers *mixture suddenly ignites in face” Nilered: “just as planned”

[@lamonzeparker7744]

4:25 "WOOOOOOOOOOW" - chemical reaction

[@jamesharding3459]

**looks at how fast he recoils** Comfortable. Right.

[@thesilentprofessional7158]

😂😂

[@viniciuslambardozzi4358]

NileRed: So I'm gonna use this short test tube to ensure the experiment is safe Cody: **snorting cocaine** This 2-liter plastic bottle will be my reaction vessel

[@kaidenpeek5959]

This is underrated 😂😂

[@autumn2675]

Man... can’t believe I live within 10 miles of this man

[@lucaortolani2059]

It really be like that

[@d3vitron779]

Usik Kurchatov Good luck.

[@IamJiva]

no, in the real life i used 20lrs LDPE and get only 50gm

[@idontknowdnkroz]

Please do not mess with Hydrazine, it is incredibly toxic. A fairly small accidental release can put your entire neighborhood in serious harm. On a lighter note, it looks like your throat needs to be smaller. You need to achieve "choked flow" at the throat for much effectiveness. When properly choked, the speed of gas is Mach 1 and it hits equilibrium and no additional speed is possible. This then allows supersonic physics to kick in and accelerate the gas further down the nozzle. If not choked you are not supersonic and dealing with different equations and not accelerating past Boyle's Law. I have some nozzle design textbooks from college I can scan for you if you want to get something going better, has all the calculations needed. Also see if you can adapt and afford a "choked flow Venturi". They are typically used for gas flow measurement and are exactly the shape you need if you can adapt to it.

[@ladyathenaofowls]

James Mueller same here I would love to just look at them

[@Viizzai-os]

Could you post the titles/authors of some of the textbooks for some of the people in the comments?

[@einstein0158]

My Chemist teacher currently asked me if i have any cool ides as last chemistry lesson before graduatin. So i showed her some things and also this, and we would like to try out some things and it would be rly awesome if you could maybe scan and E-Mail me the designs so we can think about doing this experiment if it's possible. Hope you answer me soon

[@bluesun128]

He already did a few years ago. He made a video on how to make hydrazine sulfate, which was then used in his luminol synthesis video lol

[@erismurexis966]

I guess he didn't want to "choke" the escaping gases too much. If it does then we'd have seen the glass tubes shoot downwards off the stand. Or maybe they'll just shatter from the incredible pressure inside the glass tube.

[@benjaminsison2266]

Why is this so hard? It’s not rocket scie-oh wait

[@TheOne-ec9ku]

Ahhuh!

[@ryanc473]

Was about to make exactly this comment, but you beat me by 6 months lol

[@kktan3153]

nice one...

[@comicsansgreenkirby]

@Neil Dickman I thought the same

[@SurgingApocalypse]

Rocket + Science = Rocket Science :)

[@Killbayne]

4:25 *_"WOOOOOOOOOOW"_* - chemical reaction

[@MACTEP_CHOB]

It`s Waaaaaouuuuhhhh

[@lafond3653]

Sounds like a karen

[@comicsansgreenkirby]

no 4:20

[@kaliumnitraat]

comicsansgreenkirby lol 420

[@minnaqiu6510]

Beat me to it

[@gameluencer]

4:25 the acid's way to say "DON'T TOUCH ME"

[@mystcat3]

I think it was Tyler1 spirit

[@zionnemakoma1398]

4:19 the first drop sounds like a cool sound effect

[@DangerB0ne]

Hydrazine is no joke, only work with it under ventilation. If you can smell a strong ammonia-like odor while you're working with it, you've been exposed to too much. In that circumstance, contain any hydrazine you're working with, leave it under ventilation, and vacate the premises. Otherwise it would be easier to manufacture the derivative fuels than it would be to buy them. They really only have a niche application in aircraft emergency power units, so anyone who isn't in an airport's maintenance supply office would have a hard time getting their hands on those fuels cheaply.

[@warrentb1]

I wouldn't work with it without a SCAPE suit! Those are the space suit looking things you see in pictures of satellites being fueled, like this one: sci.esa.int/science-e-media/img/80/Planck-fuelling_027.jpg

[@warrentb1]

But then again, I am a coward.

[@christiannorf1680]

I would say just don't use it (especially when your test tube rocket is spraying it all over the place). It's not worth the risk for this little demo. There is a reason why most fully trained chemist (including myself) would only use it if absolutely necessary. NileRed, if you happen to read this: Please also consider that you are venting your fumes to the outside. I like your videos a lot, but using hydrazine in your setup would not only put yourself at considerable risk, it would also be reckless. Please don't.

[@DangerB0ne]

For reference, my experience with hydrazine is from the Air Force. In the Air Force, all maintainers get trained about hydrazine safety if their job is related to an airframe that uses a hydrazine fueled EPU. To put how the Air Force treats this chemical into perspective, if the indicator swatch turns purple, a maintainer smells that ammonia odor, or a clear, oily liquid is pooling near the drains, the area around the aircraft is cordoned off (hangar evacuated if indoors), a ground emergency is declared, and HAZCOM and the base fire dept. is called. It really is no joke.

[@gavinjenkins899]

Aniline is also quite poisonous

[@RobGamingSubNow]

"Test tube liquid rocket" is the code word for extreme molotov.

[@mftripz8445]

Xtinct- ohh nasty, a compartmented glass bottle with one half the base and a quarter of the reactive chemical

[@carolinacoreas7716]

Buran-Energia.

[@glitchedstudioss]

Y e s

[@elonmusk103]

the reason of it not showing any intresting things when you narrowed up the throat was the 1) the combustion chamber or the place before the throat where reaction was happening was way to big and thus there was not much pressure built up to fire through the main nozzle 2) the throat to nozzle ratio largely matters when you deal with bell nozzle engines here the nozzle was way to big and what happened was the pressure in the chamber dropped too low and thus causing the the air to come in from outside which slowed the reaction and thrust. this is why the flames was not close to the walls (glass) 3)the shape of the part after throat was not well for fluid mechanics. if you see very carefully the throat the place just after the throat you would see a huge empty space between the flames and wall which should have existed these were only which i found out being a noob in the subject but yes i could say if he had done all these he might have blown everything around and even glass would not be able to handle the pressure in the chamber

[@auhsojacosta1672]

Finally. Now I can kill the Wild dogs here

[@roarkeburnett8208]

NileRed 6mo ago: "Can't make too much NOx in this fume hood, it vents right outside." NileRed now: "Let's do 50 test rockets in this hood with RFNA"

[@leocurious9919]

Its not really RFNA, it contains comparatively little NOx.

[@roarkeburnett8208]

I believe those big ole red/brown clouds the reaction produces contain a ton of NOx, sir or madame

[@leocurious9919]

That is correct. But thats the reaction product, not the reactant. This NOx generation will be the case with either RFNA or WFNA.

[@nikoskaravitakis9437]

Still its a small ammount so its ok...For science! XD

[@melbourneonrails5721]

0:55 “I got a lot of comments asking me to explore liquid rockets” *shows image of shuttle using solid rockets*

[@melbourneonrails5721]

I hate Drew Saddic the solid rockets on the side are the only ones used at the time of the photo.

[@joelmarsman9871]

The liquid motors are firing too but as they burn hydrogen you can't really see the exhaust product which is mostly water

[@melbourneonrails5721]

Joël Marsman oh true. My mistake.

[@kenopsia9013]

Ikr

[@berthacox8835]

Why is this so hard? It’s not rocket scie-oh wait

[@f1ferrarifan1]

Ok Ok I hope this finds you and you read it! (sorry I didn't double check this, I just one time wrote it because I'm in a hurry) So you should use canula transfer lines with glass syringes, that way you can inject either a single compound or both concomitantly just as a fuel pump would inject into the rxn chamber the two compounds for a rocket engine. I think you said you injected the aniline into the nitric acid and that was a poor choice. This is because you should have the more dense nitric acid 1.51 (g/mL) displacing the aniline (1.02 (g/mL). When you add them your way your getting layering, then mixing. When you want a more mixed solution and aggressive rxn you add the more dense solution to the less dense solution and the two MUST mix in order to find their displacements. (typing and thinking as I write this) I truly think the safest and best rxn would be adding aniline into the nitric acid via a long canula transfer line, and doing with positive pressure nitrogen from an aniline reservoir that is under positive N2 gas pressure. You can then use a stopcock to start and stop the rxn and continue adding fuel so it's not your limiting reagent.AND if you get good, you can have two canula transfer lines for both solvents under positive N2 pressure!!!! **** best idea yet The canula line MUST BE submersed to the bottom of the test tube or whatever container your using. Just as the rxn chamber is the primary area before kinetics occur, your test tubes are oriented the same way. You need the bottom of the test tube (1 rxn chamber) to be fully mixed before ejection into the kinetic/velocity chamber, or second stage of your rocket engine. Also, go have some fun with KClO4 or KClO3 (if you're feeling froggy) when the salt is melted into an ionic liquid, then inject your fuel. I had a great demonstration day making gummy bear rocket engines for some visiting 8th graders! haha I would again LOVE to visit you and do some fun experiments together! I'm about to graduate with my MS and have no job lined up yet. Doing experiments all day sounds AMAZING! Please please please :) Best Regards, Nick Nye The Science Guy

[@usvmchc2843]

did you really have to write a whole story plot just to give him a small message

[@overtonhallford54]

I was told, when i was in the Air Force, that when you realize that you are smelling the hydrazine you already have brain damage. Please be careful with that crap, dude. I like watching your videos, don't off yourself over them!

[@Serpahim]

Overton Hallford He was using Aniline and not Hydrazine! :)

[@luisp.3788]

@paperchasin23 "pucey"

[@andreeacat7071]

lol

[@stevemc01]

How was the Air Force? :D

[@michk5149]

@@stevemc01 its amazing. Sex drugs and rock n roll. Get to fly jets every week.

[@jacker372]

You should try putting the test tube on a pivot and measuring the kinetic energy of different fuel mixtures

[@jhrraz3527]

that wwould be freaking dangerous cuz the reaction is very fast, maybe putting something like an inverted dynamometer would be safer

[@henryD9363]

A spinning wheel of acid and Fire!

[@jacker372]

@@henryD9363 if it spun freely sure, but you need something to measure the force...

[@warrentb1]

@@jacker372 You don't need to add something like a strain gauge, if you simply record its motion you can determine the force. See ballistic pendulums for example.

[@jacker372]

He can probably get out of danger if he kept the tube at an angle and used a Teflon tubeand a syringe to inject the acid from a range.

[@Seth1484]

"A patron even sent me this: Ignition." Why do I feel like that patron is Scott Manley?

[@Maxx_751]

Yeahhh 😂

[@sogstillsleep]

It has to be

[@saraxum9773]

Me: *watches this video* Ad: *Appears* The guy in the ad: "To fly a rocket ship you need to be an optimist"

[@deandeann1541]

"Having survived the first taste of arsenic, it gave me the confidence to try a larger taste."

[@eelboy]

yes. just yes.

[@concrete_consumer725]

MMMYUMMY

[@Scudmaster11]

No you dont

[@TheMrANONYMOOSE]

Nile I would highly recommend experimenting with circular polarized filters on your camera! They can really clean up the reflections from the glass as well as increase the dynamic range

[@alexwang007]

Wild photographer spotted 😉

[@thefourthtuxzt3078]

You must build a rocket with Codyslab now...

[@uhmarcel7417]

Fuck yeah

[@lessefrost]

Scott Manley, Codyslab, and NileRed collab?

[@AguaFluorida]

Once the rocket is built, it can be offered out to the flat-earthers for some test flights. *Some* (a few) of them have generated appreciable funds so surely they'd be interested in supporting a rocket mission, right? RIGHT? :D

[@BillAnt]

Throw in NurdRage in there for good measure ;) ;)

[@thomasblackwell9507]

You could place a strain meter better the test tube and holder to determine the thrust produced. It can be made with aluminum foil and wire along with a couple of ohmmeters.

[@drunkenhobo8020]

Messing with hypergolics? I hope you were wearing a good pair of running shoes!

[@srenkoch6127]

Nah, he's not using Chlorine Triflouride, so no need for the shoes....

[@SuperAngelofglory]

yeah, those are for fluorine - metal fires

[@OrangeC7]

@@srenkoch6127 Then again, you can never be too careful... :P

[@soylentgreenb]

​@@srenkoch6127 O2F2 is also fun, affectionately known as "FOOF" because that's its chemical structure and the sound it makes if you pour it on almost anything that isn't a properly fluoridated steel tank.

[@kaidenpeek5959]

Does nobody get the reference?

[@neovo903]

A way to expand on in would be to add a load cell to the setup to measure the force of the expanding gas. That way the performance of the reaction could be judged more easily compared to just observing how vigorous the reaction was.

[@guyfieri7531]

"I was getting a bit more comfortable with this mixture" *splashes rocket fuel on camera*

[@DrakkarCalethiel]

Going to watch this before it gets deleted...

[@xWood4000]

Atleast demonetized.

[@E_Rico]

Why though?

[@xWood4000]

@@E_Rico Because KZbin's advertisers deem this too risky, may be used as terrorist how to's. See adcopalypse.

Because it's not a food review video with cancerous non-copyrighted music.

[@Reverandfatdave]

Or a clip from network broadcasts.

[@colonelstriker2519]

Chemist’s version of a horror jump scare

[@soylentgreenb]

Almost. There should have been an exploding test tube in there somewhere.

[@jordyv.703]

Real horror is dimethylmercury

[@luisp.3788]

@@jordyv.703 Phosgen.

[@jordyv.703]

@@luisp.3788 Phosgene isn't even harmfull is low concentrations

[@luisp.3788]

@@jordyv.703 Stroke?

[@mertb.6487]

KZbinr: exists VPN providers: *its free real estate*

[@guicky_]

raid shadow legends: *its free real estate* world of warships: *its free real estate*

[@transbiologistthetransesto7956]

@@guicky_ i haven't heard of the second one yet, here's to hoping it stays that way

[@guicky_]

@@transbiologistthetransesto7956 it might be more popular on my country, its like a naval focused version of war thunder, if you have heard of that one. can't think of a good way to describe it other then it being a very repetitive pay-to-win game

[@kaliumnitraat]

Casper matress

[@scheisse9024]

Next Nilered experiment be like :Making a mini thermonuclear bomb(no plutonium needed).

[@joaopedrog.1465]

*on the second try* Nile: puts aniline on the reaction The reaction: *AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA-*

[@ingenuity23]

Hello brother

[@sbreheny]

Awesome test! One hypergolic combination I've tried before was furfuryl alcohol and WFNA. As for hydrazine, I have no experience with that to say whether it is a bad idea given your setup. I would think, though, that the best way to obtain it would be to start with hydrazine sulfate, which is readily available and a pretty safe solid, but which can be easily converted to a solution of plain hydrazine in water. Finally, one small correction regarding the rocket nozzle - you are correct that the convergent nozzle speeds up the gasses from subsonic to supersonic, but what you missed is that supersonic flow has the opposite behavior - letting it expand into a wider cross-section causes it to speed up, not slow down as it would with subsonic flow. So, the divergent part of the nozzle is actually doing the same thing that the convergent part does, just at a different flow speed.

[@Khalrua]

YES! I've been waiting on this for like 2 weeks.

[@minos6187]

we all know how you feel.....

[@user-qx7tm5df8j]

you could have waited only one week and 6 days maximum if you subscribe on Patreon now!

[@JakeAvatar1]

Note the increase in combustion stability in the narrowed tubes. If you can find a very thick tube you might be able to make the throat narrower and actually build a bit of thrust.

[@henryD9363]

And.... a much greater possibility of explosions!

[@JakeAvatar1]

@@henryD9363 hence the thicker tube.

[@warrentb1]

Or you could change chamber materials to metal and form the throat via metal spinning, then add an injector so it can run for more than an instant. And maybe add regenerative cooling channels. Or you could just make a rocket engine ;)

[@JakeAvatar1]

@@warrentb1 well that would be the ultimate goal, but for initial testing, it is nice to be able to see the reaction

[@kmarasin]

Immerse test tube in water beaker to provide counter pressure and contain explosions.

[@justinwang1523]

8:36 It looks like as if a mushroom cloud coming out of the test tube. There is a even better mushroom cloud at 9:05!

[@isaacbenson1631]

A mushroom cloud can happen with any reaction that generates high levels of heat it’s just not as visible as with a nuclear weapon

[@johnladuke6475]

I love the charming appeal at the end. "Anybody know a cheap place to buy rocket-grade hydrazine?" Never change.

[@the18thguyhere]

I love how it screams WOOOAAH when it fires

[@StormP666]

New flag for Kerbal Space Program: NileRed Rocketry

[@Vex_Mistaken-qf9un]

Imagine this gets turned into a science gaming channel

[@joeymagyar8593]

This was by far one of my favorite videos of yours. I really hope you continue with this topic and continue to take it farther. I've been a big fan for a couple years now, keep up the great work and intriguing topics.

[@rabbet5490]

4:02 most satisfying sound I’ve ever heard

[@LongusDongus03]

Ah yes, thank you for providing me with a way to start my grill proper, been having issues with that for years now.

[@alexkantor8238]

Just one of the problems I noticed with the throat of your makeshift nozzles. You have no way of knowing if you have a good width without doing the math first. I'd look up a reference book for those equations, and maybe stick a wider section on the end of your tube as well

[@warrentb1]

You can find PDFs of Rocket Propulsion Elements online if you google it.

[@JustThomas1]

Yeah, I've had a rocket explode because I put a too restrictive nozzle on it.

[@Aereto]

@@JustThomas1 In other words, the internal pressure is too great and the nozzle throat too narrow for enough pressure to flow out.

[@JustThomas1]

Mate. I'm a large way through getting a degree in aerospace engineering. I know about pressure imbalances - I just hadn't bothered to do the math because it would be interesting regardless of how successful it was (plus it was a ground engine test). edit* I had no intention for this comment to come off with a passive aggressive notion.

[@6jonline]

The test tubes should probably be a hair shorter. The gasses were expanding quite a bit before they hit the throat. Still a pretty cool demo for a first attempt though.

[@grelgen]

too bad you dont have a way to introduce the analine that isnt downstream from the combustion chamber. looks like there's a good chance half of your fuel is thrown out of the tube before it has a chance to react edit: I just realized, you said that analine goes solid at a pretty easy temperature. why not freeze it, and drop in chunks?

[@BothHands1]

I'd think that removing the air would reduce the force of the rocket, since the gases produced by the reaction would first have to fill the tube before they could escape and push outwards. Might make the reaction slightly less interesting to look at. I also don't think the ice method would work either, since the surface area of contact would be quite significantly reduced, slowing down the reaction to the point where the energy would go into melting the ice, rather than pushing air out the top. It might also form a shell of carbon surrounding the ice chunk, preventing the rest of the reaction from proceeding. I suppose both options are worth a try, for science. But I have my doubts about their efficiency. Using a long tube to the bottom of the test tube might be a viable option, but even then, I think the reaction might be blowing the drops of both reagents out, and I'm not sure that would change. I think it might just flip which reagent is thrown out the top. If the aniline is added on top, the reaction occurs between the two "layers", blowing the aniline out the top, but if the aniline is introduced to the bottom of the tube under the nitric acid, he might find himself with nitric acid flying out the top instead. I think that might be the reason he's adding aniline to acid, rather than adding acid to aniline in the first place. Just my speculation though.

[@jonathanodude6660]

the ice wouldn't be in a chunk, it would be ground up, almost powder-like. if that was dumped in on top, its possible that all the aniline reaches the bottom before ignition

[@m_riatik]

is this also the reason why the mixture ignites twice? because some of the aniline is blown away but then it falls back into the remaining nitric acid?

[@sciencecompliance235]

I think the analine might need to be vaporized to properly combust. What he really needs is to feed it into the combustion chamber along with the other reactant, atomized, at the appropriate volume flow rates and with enough pressure (and/or a one-way valve) to keep the feed lines flowing in the positive direction. I don't know if solidifying the analine will be conducive to proper combustion. Then again, creating a constant, stable flow from feed lines is a much more involved engineering project. I like the rocket engineering, but, as a chemist, I think Nile's work should probably be focused mainly on the ratios and phases that yield the best combustion. It would be more mechanical engineering to get into delivery systems that produce such conditions in the combustion chamber. If he wants to get that deep into it, I'd say more power to him and definitely watch the video with avid interest, but it would be a little out of his usual wheelhouse.

[@Felixkeeg]

Aniline*

[@yourayneeum6964]

What is this? Rocket science? Jokes aside. I've been watching your videos for a very long time and you have always inspired me with your great content. I enjoy doing Chemistry experiments myself but I doubt I would have been able to gather as much knowledge in such a fun way without you! Keep up the great work! - A big fan

[@ILike2Tinker]

I'd love to see your updated version. Good luck with the hydrazine, all I know is that it's pretty crazy stuff.

[@Penguin-1966]

It sounds like someone yelling WOOOO! 4:47

[@Ang3lUki]

Comments: DoNt MeSs WiTh HyDrAzInE Nile: *already made some 3 years ago with urea and bleach*

[@cinquine1]

He made phenylhydrazine and hydrazine sulfate. When it comes to safety those are a world away from pure hydrazine (phenylhydrazine somewhat less so, but he made a tiny amount), which is what the rocket fuel is. Hell in the start of the hydrazine sulfate video he says clearly he will not be making pure hydrazine because it is too dangerous. Just look at NFPA 704 for hydrazine vs hydrazine sulfate, there's no comparison. And then there's the part where he wants to use it in rocket experiments, which means not just leaving it in a container but getting it everywhere. Yikes.

[@steelwarrior105]

So fun fact, hydrazine is used to add hydrogen to BWR nuclear reactors to prevent oxidation

[@captainmidnite93]

Milligrams of hydrazine on skin can cause liver failure. A spacewalker's worst nightmare on the suit-only way u coming back thru airlock is neckked . Interestingly it's a defense mechanism for some mushrooms.

[@mitchellroberts7954]

what? I don't understand your english

[@lpnlizard2742]

@@mitchellroberts7954 hydrazine is extremely toxic to all forms of life.

[@hylioja]

In Finland that mushroom is a popular delicacy, after VERY carefull preparations of course.

[@DocMedic]

Let's give you my interpretation, "Miligrams of hydrazine on a person's skin can cause liver failure. A spacewalker's worst nightmare is hydrazine on his/her spacesuit, since the only way you'll be coming back through the airlock is naked. Interestingly enough, it's also a defense mechanism for some varieties of mushroom."

[@shallabim912]

Dr. Medic You're a hero.

[@nickz2147]

I wish you uploaded more often . Edit: I'm not trying to force him to upload more often or rush him in any way . I'm just saying that I enjoy his videos so much that I wish they were more frequent . It's like saying "I wish I had a million dollars" you do want it to be true but you're not expecting it to happen .

[@Thonss]

I'm happy with every upload we get. Let him do this on his own pace .

[@Losimantom]

I dont. Quality > quantity

[@Marin3r101]

Hes alone doing this research. Rushing for videos is a good way to get dead.

[@nickz2147]

I'm not trying to force him to upload more often or rush him in any way . I'm just saying that I enjoy his videos so much that I wish they were more frequent . It's like saying "I wish I had a million dollars" you do want it to be true but you're not expecting it to happen .

[@Thonss]

Fair enough.

[@lillian6298]

The first time when it lit on fire it sounded like it was screaming

[@2008Toyota_Kluger]

4:25 that sound is honestly frightening. Imagine hearing it in the middle of the night

[@Dennis_S1000RR]

You should have put your makeshift rocket engines on a scale or something. Then you could have measured the force it would have been able to produce.

[@xWood4000]

You are a rocket scientist now, eh?

[@opl500]

I guess it is rocket science.

[@MyuFoxable]

Is the starting of it.

[@xWood4000]

@@MyuFoxable True.

[@OrangeC7]

6:53 is it just me or does the test tube on the left look almost cinematic when it's burning in slow motion?

[@Klbkchhezeim]

Maybe that's because it has all the elements of a story? Both the chemicals where introduced, they met, end then there's the build up which is timed perfectly like a bass drop then explosive climax, then it slowly died down and we see the reaction ending Compare that to the right which does not have enough build up and has a rushed climax. Then in the end all we see is black and we were not given a proper conclusion. Sorry if my English is bad Ps: i also don't know why I'm replying to a 2 year old comment

[@OrangeC7]

@@Klbkchhezeim That is genius

[@aidansyracuse3338]

This same reaction occurs when you consum a jalapeño with seeds

[@SuperRazor47]

Sissy

[@WhoIsMatt1]

Lmfao

[@pixelmaster98]

fire shoots out of your "tube"? Yikes

[@ianowens1905]

Lol ur not wrong

[@bobthebuilder1360]

Reminds me of the time I was dated to eat a habanero before a test when I was in school

[@elonmusk103]

the reason of it not showing any intresting things when you narrowed up the throat was the 1) the combustion chamber or the place before the throat where reaction was happening was way to big and thus there was not much pressure built up to fire through the main nozzle 2) the throat to nozzle ratio largely matters when you deal with bell nozzle engines here the nozzle was way to big and what happened was the pressure in the chamber dropped too low and thus causing the the air to come in from outside which slowed the reaction and thrust. this is why the flames was not close to the walls (glass) 3)the shape of the part after throat was not well for fluid mechanics. if you see very carefully the throat the place just after the throat you would see a huge empty space between the flames and wall which should have not existed these were only which i found out being a noob in the subject but yes i could say if he had done all these he might have blown everything around and even glass would not be able to handle the pressure in the chamber

[@Zichie]

You actually did the more dangerous way using test tubes. Science always works best with a healthy dose of engineering skills.

[@politischool9051]

4:26 lol thought that was Nile screaming

[@vladimirlenin4080]

Wait, so it isn't his scream?

[@Veptis]

I love this. It's probably not allowed but I would love to show this as a demonstration in chemistry class (13th year) because I do a rocket talk in history already and his would just fit. Your video is a good source of information

[@UnknownLol12]

4:30 the white walls 😭😭

[@seanhenke5846]

Hey Nile what you need to do because I saw something that I've noticed on the rocket powered section your throat is too far up from the actual ignition source I think you're losing a little of the thermal energy there if you brought it down like to 1/3 of the length of the tube you probably would get a much more vigorous flame because he would be constraining it and then letting it expand

[@LieseFury]

I think the reason the gases failed to go supersonic is that the glass cools your reaction too quickly. Especially when the throats were so long like in the final few tests.

[@omnirath]

As a small testimony I just want to say that I blew my hand while doing that kind of reaction fortunately the surgeon was some kind of wizard so I didn't loose my five beloved fingers but be safe and a great video like this is more than enough even if you feel comfortable with rocket fuel !

[@garyvte]

El topo Brujo post pics of hand

[@leonardfrankel8992]

Ignition! is a great book. Really cool that you're enjoying it, and starting to experiment with the chemistry. Rockets are awesome!

[@qui-gontimtherandomraptor1072]

7:55 "My friend suggested shortening the tube a little" Me: Oh so he's gonna get another shorter tube "So I got out my drimel" Oh.

[@alt8791]

Currently reading _Ignition!_ by Mr. Clark. It's an amazing book, but it's taking me a while because after an hour or two i have to put it down because it's just so technical. I think it's the only book that will have you feeling like you're drowning in technical terms on one page, and then laughing so hard your sides hurt on the next.

[@lucchesi87]

Man... From 14:50 forwards, it's like pure joy...

[@Thee_Sinner]

Quick little theory on tube length: It might be the same effect as gun powder in- and outside of a contained area. Maybe with the longer tubes, the reaction is contained and forced to a slightly higher pressure resulting in a more vigorous reaction.

[@sciencecompliance235]

Uriah Siner Of course, past a certain length, pressure would decrease past maximum possible. I think what's more critical is just atomizing/vaporizing the reactants such that complete combustion occurs more efficiently, and less tube length is needed for the reactants to completely mix. With large droplets or pools, reactions can only occur at the interfaces between reactants. By atomizing, you increase the effective surface area capable of producing contact between the reactants, minimizing the need for a lengthy tube through which heat and dispersion vaporizes and atomizes the reactants that started in the combustion chamber as pools of liquid.

[@psychosis7325]

🤣 "Anyone know where I can get some hydrazine?" (knock, knock) "Wonder who that could b.................." Last episode.

[@xitheris1758]

Nitric acid is more of a historical oxidizer. In almost all cases, it's been phased out for dinitrogen tetroxide. Great video! 👍

[@StevenJevnisek]

Hello... OK, to neck down the test tubes, clamp a pair of pieces of wood in a vice and drill a hole on the center between the two pieces to make somthing like the jaws of a pair of pliers. You need to have long enough pieces so that you handles on one side of the hole. The hole diameter should be the desired throat diameter plus twice the thickness of the test tube wall. Soak the wood in water for a day or two to prevent it from burning. Loosely rubberband the handle end together to make the tool easier to use one handed. Heat your test tube to the plastic point and slowly squeeze the test tube with the wood pliers at the point where you want the throat, while rotating the tube. It may take a few heats to get down to the desired size. For the eye dropper, take some glass tube and draw out a long spout with a 45° to 60° bend. The spout should be long enough to get the tip into the throat, if not past it a bit. Keep up the good work!!!

[@firewingsworld146]

"So a few months ago I made some super concentrated acid"

[@robotslug]

Time for this channel to go full October Sky!

[@witchofengineering]

Why I can't give this comment 1000 likes?

[@sciencecompliance235]

Could be wrong, but I think that was solid rocket fuel Homer Hickam was working with. You wouldn't want "goopey" fuel in a liquid rocket (from what I remember in the movie). That said, I don't see any reason why solid rocket fuels should be off the table for these videos. From a mechanical engineering standpoint, they're much simpler. Still very interesting from a chemistry perspective. Perfect for NileRed.

[@witchofengineering]

@@sciencecompliance235 Yes, Homer was using solid fuels (black powder, potassium nitrate/sugar, zinc/sulfur), but c'mon, everyone makes solid fuels now, it's time to progress!

[@sciencecompliance235]

Wiktor Guzowski Well, as I see it, liquid fuels aren't really any more interesting from a chemistry standpoint, perhaps with the exception of hypergols. They have performance benefits, though, but are much more complex mechanically. I'd love to see a working amateur liquid-fueled rocket, but I don't know if that really dovetails with NileRed's KZbin channel. That's more of a mechanical engineering endeavor.

[@witchofengineering]

@@sciencecompliance235 I'm actually working on an amateur liquid-fueled rocket with my friend. Please follow @JagielloczykAe1 on Twitter to follow our progress.

[@justusfelix2441]

Thank you for the best chemistry videos!

[@xavier1964]

The nozzle shape of a DeLaval nozzle is very significant in the generation of the thrust. It needs to be a bell or a 15 degree cone.

[@densylek8779]

I'm into astromony, physics and chemistry; I also love your channel but for the other reason of this comment is to give reasoning, thrusters may contain a tendency to wiggle due to the force of it which is by fuel that is highly flame able and used as energy; connecting to a kerosene, liquid oxygen or composer for the fire. The power depends on the area so there will be a gravitational or random push back. Air results into P (me considering as air) and A (aerodynamics), P and A come onto the top exactly so then the rocket doesn't have a seizure but it also depends on how many thrusters and the thrust components. If the thrust is high we might consider that it won't start falling mid air or won't be powerful enough. However G (gravity) exists which is a simple problem that can be solved by the work of hydrogen, Co2 or liquid oxygen, although more thrusters work. A thruster basically doesn't care about mass since it is base on base. Edit: this prob won't be seen and you might already know this i don't know

[@ragna7048]

This is such an amazing channel. Full of carefully constructed quality content and an amount of creativity, patience and curiosity I could never imagine having. Keep up the good work 👏🏻

[@lajoswinkler]

One of my favorite topics I've always been too scared to tackle myself. :D I really really hope you're working with a face shield. BTW, don't use a dremel for cutting glass tubes. Just score them, wet the score mark and touch it with a bent glowing hot wire. It will snap in two pieces.

[@Nittai_Shiff]

I was waiting for this🙏🙏

[@UriclubTK]

I, too, would be excited if I knew this was coming Mr. TheJewboy68

[@nietmachine1866]

6:19 smoke ring down right corner

[@richardautry5930]

I agree with you on the smaller tube. when the larger tube received the reactant it ran slower as the tube had a larger area to cover, whereas in the smaller tube the reactant had a greater amount to deal with on a smaller scale.

[@TranceF0rmation]

We gotta get this man a High Speed Camera already, guys

[@kinomora-gaming]

When I saw that clip from ben rockets I was like "That's it? just a bit of smo- HOLY SHIT!"

[@xWood4000]

This would be very illegal in Finland if you can't call yourself officially a scientist. A chemist with "dangerous" stickers on the explosive stuff can do it freely. (Edit: apparently there's a law that allows testing of explosives for scientific purposes)

[@Mirrori]

Onko näin

[@Mirrori]

Tietty kemikaalien saanti on yksityisenä suhteellisen vaikeaa.

[@xWood4000]

@@Mirrori Harrastusraketit saa vain sisältää ruutia. Löysin muuta lajin joka sanoo että se on sallittu jos on tiede: www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2015/20150180 Minun suomenkielinen taito on kauheaa jos et ole huomannut sitä jo, anteeksi, olen suomenruotsalainen joka ei puhu paljon "lause-suomea" arkielämässä.

[@atlas8827]

I am obsessded with Finland

[@xWood4000]

@@Mirrori Kyllä totta. On hyvä niin, se on turvallisempi mutta joskus on vähän liian paljon sääntöjä.

[@danwhite3224]

I'd love to see what it's like if you mixed in a few metallic compounds (such as alkali metal compounds) to see if it changes the colour of the flame

[@GabrielHodge]

Im so glad you read ignition i had to write a report for it and honestly it was hard to limit myself to a page count there was just so much good information and commentary with some good humour too

[@RobertMilesAI]

If you put the whole apparatus on a sensitive scale, is there a measurable thrust from the test tube?

[@lajoswinkler]

Of course, but miniscule.

[@CJdude22]

I found it interesting that after the main ignition has died off, there's a smaller secondary reaction every time.

[@trulyinfamous]

My high school science project that I'm doing is on sugar and potassium nitrate for model rockets so I'll get to do a bit of chemistry. Also, it really does stink that most hypergolic rocket fuels are exceptionally hazardous to Human health and are just some really nasty chemicals in general. Now that methane is starting to gain more traction, things look promising.

[@prehistoricBanana]

Wait are we going to use farts to get us to space?

[@ThunderChunky101]

Yep. I make them for fun every now and then.

[@zockertwins]

So, most rocket fuels stink, but methane doesn't ?

[@Aereto]

@@zockertwins Stink that can kill, pretty much.

[@drunkenhobo8020]

Methane is odourless. Sulphur compounds are added to methane to give it a smell, so you know when it's leaking.

[@NutScrewGamer]

4:23 Are you teasing me? Are you teasing me? Are you going to do this? *W O O O O O O O O O O O O O O W W W W W W*

[@SadCephalopod1]

4:20 it sounds so cool

[@dosmastrify]

10:35 "we've lost the center core"

[@han_solo-sl7ek]

It kind of sounds like fart SFX lol

[@sholbaman1463]

Wow, this video is the best bday present ever! Thanks nile!

[@pancreasman6920]

Did you noticed the cylindrical shape of the smoke at13:53?

[@qu4rtz732]

i watched this with my baby brother and i’m glad to say that he appreciated the sounds that the ignition made

[@simonleferink1248]

You needed to narrow the throat of the tube closer to the nitric acid and make the expander a bit shorter

[@HotelPapa100]

A deLaval nozzle only really works if you reach the speed of sound in the throat. It didn't look like you did in most of your experiments. The last ones look legit, though.

[@nastykerb34]

nerd moment

[@General12th]

@@nastykerb34 I bet you're a nerd about your guns.

[@nastykerb34]

sheesh ik more aeropace than u . Then try explain aerospike nozzle for me and not copy it

[@HotelPapa100]

@@nastykerb34 not taking your bait makes you angry? Talk about troll inception...

[@nastykerb34]

no, im autistic

[@wifisunset5888]

Here before Dr. Stone does a Rocket Fuel Chemistry lesson

[@Project_VideoGame]

Dr. Stone still hasn't reached at making rockets lol

[@tintruder224]

What if you aerosolized both components then intersected the flows?

[@williamivborges9151]

tintruder224 , I was thinking the very same thing. It seems like the combustion is being choked out by the build-up that black residue. I think that aerosol idea would increase full mixture combustion, similar to the pine sap dust in the paint can (combustion experiment). As NileRed said, that he believes if the mixture were to burn at a higher temp the exhaust would burn completely. I also believe the initial burn phase is creating a black crust over the rest of the mixture and the secondary burn is caused by the skin finally cracking and oozing up to be ignited for the second burn. But I"m jet an ex-jet engine mechanic. I still find it fascinating.

[@azimalif266]

4:10 that reaction sounds awesome.

[@nickdangerthirdI]

I kept expecting to see shock diamonds in the flames coming from the test tubes. Good video!