Special Senses | Photoreceptors | Rods and Cones

Official Ninja Nerd Website: ninjanerd.org
Ninja Nerds!
During this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about the mechanism of photoreceptors. We go into great detail on the rods and cones, and how they respond differently to various types of light. Finally, we discuss how we adapt from a light to dark environment, to a dark to light environment, and how these photoreceptors respond. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
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#ninjanerd #Photoreceptors #EENT

[@Light-qn4zh]

Really I’m so happy because we live in same time ♥️

[@himanshuambilkar4160]

Photoreceptors- Rods- Rhodopsin Retinal sensitivity Scotopic vision. Cones- Photospin Visual acuity Colour Vision. Dark to light adaptation- Pupil constrict Bleaching pigment Rods turns off Retinal sensitivity decrease Cones turns on Colour Vision 5-10 minutes. Light to dark adaptation- Pupil dilation Rhodopsin start accumulating Retinal sensitivity increase Rods turn on Low wavelength not activate cones 20-30 minutes. Colour blindness Nyctalopia Night blindnesses Retinitis pigmentosum. Thank you sir

[@donadona5698]

👍

[@felixd9849]

'Low wavelength not activate cones', this statment is false. In the Video he corrects himself by saying the ligtht low intensity diactivates the cones. The rods have a much higher light sesitivity but the blue cones have a Adsorption Maxima at 420nm while the Rhodopsin is at 500nm. In Average while the Switching from Photopic to scotopic vision the spectral sensitivity shifts fom green to bluegreen also called Purkinje-effect/shift. So blue things appears to be brighter than red stuff.

[@noraelmetwally8683]

This channel fell from heaven 💙💙

[@davidaminov7930]

"Oh man you know what? spiderman movie was so great! I wanna go back in again, and watch it again" 15:48 LMAOOOOOOO #Visual_adaptation Zach you are the B-E-S-T!

[@AstridDarinka]

Now these are the type of people that are meant to do this job!! Thank you so much, taught me so much more than my university professor ❤️

[@jennafairhaven9084]

Wish I had found you at the beginning of this semester.

[@yannaaguilar7367]

U teach more than my professors do

[@johnnywalkervip1]

Wow thank you so much, this video helped me get a better idea what my professor was explaining in class. ✔✔👍

[@bushraaqeel5664]

You are my real Professor!!!for all of my med school.i m glad i found this channel in my first year ❤

[@ELFCloudGamer]

I have to tell you I have spent the whole day watching your videos haha, can't believe I only discovered them today

[@j.sbhandari8813]

15.55 the happiness I saw on your face was so touching u make me laugh and enjoy my med study tho if it's hard

[@kumargauravsingh6683]

What would I have done without you man ? You're simply awesome.🙏

[@yarom1342]

i really appericiate you making this informative video. one of if not the best one i've ever seen on this subject

[@MrBlazingup420]

Light is a wavelength like sound and as sound echos in your ears light echos in your eyes. If you say the words SEE ALL and play it back in revers it echos EYES what you see all of creation with and if you like that try this one MAGIC RHYTHM it echos MOTHER WISDOM, is there truth in these words is the magic rhythm in the creation of life created by the wisdom of mother fore I do know you echo the Moon by saying NEW WOMB what every mother has and the life on Earth that cycles with that Moon THRU (echos Earth) creates EARTH HEAT (echos AETHER) MACALLA same as McCullough means echo in Irish.

[@krishnamurthyperumalla1489]

can u provide the link of visual pathway I am unable to find it

[@MrBlazingup420]

Have you ever heard of the McCollough effect The McCollough effect is a phenomenon of human visual perception in which colorless gratings appear colored contingent on the orientation of the gratings. It is an aftereffect requiring a period of induction to produce it

[@abazaabdelmageid774]

You're more than perfect 👌. Thanks for your excellent and brilliant explanation 👏

[@AkashKumar-gn6sh]

Thanks sir, sir I want study about ERG, so please suggest video..

[@sleepy4726]

عفية ، بس المرة الجاية مشط شعرك

[@hamdiscorner5286]

I never understood why pupils constrict in bright light before this video. Thanks Zack, stay blessed and continue helping doctors around the world 😍

[@LHost-sx2kk]

I know you said that the phototransduction for rods and cones is really similar on the phototransduction cascade video, but how does the high amount of light doesn't cause the dissociation of the transducin on cones? Is that why you said the "less sensitive cones turn on"? so more sensitive cones would be turning on as adaptation to bright light occurs?

[@noraelmetwally8683]

From what i know , There are about 120 million rods receptor , on each one there are plenty of escotopsin ( rhodopsin ) but these receptors have low threshold ( which means a high sensetivity to light photons ; that's why they can feel the less light in the dark after the adaptation But on the other hand, we have cones which are hugily less in number compared to rods (only 7 millions mainly exist in fovea centralis or macula lutae ) but they have a highly threshold value so they do just work on highly amounts of photons So in day light the rhodopsin is massivly destructed Which means that the rate of its destruction exceeds the rate of its synthesis in liver and retina On the other hand , theoritically only 1 million of the cones respond to the light But at the end The both cascades are the same but it only differs according to the sensetivity of the receptor ( i hope i explained it )

[@albeezhuang5]

I love it. Excellent drawing and explanation. It draws all the points together that helps me understand the whole process. Very good job!

[@dorothybonsu8468]

BROOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!! This video was the best video in explaining this process. Thank you sooooo much for making it!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@l.kozasdiary7958]

I agree!!

[@rimpimalakar2422]

Zack paaji tussii great ho ji .❤❤

[@Hasson-nd4xx]

thank you i am in ophthalmology residency, but no one help me to understand basic as you

[@lawrenceyelkin6839]

Awesome. Do you have a source you use for your knowledge? Textbook? Neuroscience book? Some books get really detailed like Guyton and Hall. Wondering where you find your information.

[@akshatgupta2687]

He uses BORON and the likes. A personal suggestion-: Try to read GANONG which is a review book of physiology and make notes. You will find some concepts explained in a breath-taking way. Though your comment is 1 year old I doubt my suggestion would be of any help or not.

[@abushabbab5018]

I love this man

[@bhagyashreeharmalkar6058]

Does these rhodopsin breakdown in normal day light too?

[@architsharma772]

Yes

[@nabodimma]

THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! Thank youuuuuuu.

[@poosmi]

you're actually clutch for this one

[@Kudravets-Diana]

Where are the visual receptors (pink cones)? A. The layer that is bloody B. cornea C. retina D. Lens

[@its.morrissey_xx1179]

Im a first year optom student and this was so helpful in prep for my exam! Thank you! My a level biology teacher reccomended your channel and its amazing I can still find videos here not only covering a level but university content too!

[@linahb9911]

question : why does the rhodopsin have to accumulate ? in other words where did it go in the first place for it to accumulate ? thanks in advance .

[@abcdef2069]

at 13:05 he said pupils contrict to focus, instead of saying to reduce the amount of lights, because of the uncertainty principle and light diffraction. smaller the pupil, the wider the light spreads out. it wont focus, it does opposite of focus. i need more explanation or different explanation.

[@granthagen3207]

So glad he realized how dumb "dark wavelengths" sounded lol

[@RosemaryOrdukwu]

Pls, I can't fine the visual pathway😢🙏

[@vishalmotwani7664]

Yes god exists! I found you my lord! Hail you sir😊🔥💎

[@vakskas2866]

Great baby ,, I really appreciate this hard work ...,

[@nargisjumahan1137]

You are awesome Ninja Nerd

[@jamesgordon8867]

I can't wait for the day when you have a contest for high school students and they give your whiteboard accounts accurately for scholarships. Think what kind of physicians we would have them.

[@yoshana2340]

Amazing and informative video

[@normadicn5700]

Immensely beneficial. Hello, hopefully you see this comment. Merchandise a face cap so we can get. The other items are very cool. But love your iconic face caps.

[@georgejeraldbanda2101]

THANK YOU

[@sharungarg2850]

sir, why does rhodopsin accumulation takes time ? as you have said that after dark to light shift rode cells become inactivate so during light I feel rod cells get enough time to prepare themselves for dark light.

[@zes3813]

no such thing as nerdx or not etc about it, techs ok, not nerx

[@fasciolahepatica1102]

Hi can u make a lectures about sensory system and motor system in neurophysio? I have hard time in studying them. I hope u can help me. Thank you so much

[@dariocosemans8326]

Legend!

[@raesaabdur5000]

is this for the Edexcel exam board?

[@Serdjokomentar]

Can someone please tell me latin names of cons and rodes …?

[@halimearslanlar7841]

The mechanisms activated in photoreceptor cells in the presence and in the absence of light. I'm confused, could you answer that please?

[@ahmedelsakka9548]

but when there is no light, rods go into depolarized state and release glutamate neurotransmitter to the bipolar cells which is inhibitory neurotransmitter so how when there is no light , rods release inhibitory transmitter ?

[@anushrutishukla9517]

9:00 pm and you going to sleep haha

[@Emilio77able]

Amazing!

[@Zdnew]

Amazing ❤ thanks a lot ! 🙌🏻🙌🏻

[@shaungerald23]

Can you do a segment on color blindness? And the different types?

[@ashutoshjadhav7224]

u r best , thanks sir

[@joseoton2360]

Pupil constriction and dilation has nothing to do with sending light at the center or the periphery of the eye. This is simply wrong. Think on a photo camera, are you sending the image just to the center when you close the diaphragm?

[@justinjarry8327]

Yea he is wrong on this. If the pupil constricts, light is still hitting the rest of the retina not just the fovea. If you only sent light to the fovea your whole periphery field would be dark.

[@mysticalpotato86]

This is gold. Thank you so much.

[@NahyaNassor]

stay blessed ninja nerd , love you so much and you are the best .❣

[@hamedhosseini4938]

Thank you so much Zach.

[@solwane]

if only i found out about this channel since year 1 med school wasted 6 years now graduated and this helps review for usmle exam, thank you brilliant doc and teacher

[@진유-l9p]

fuck why did i know this channel by now. u r awesome bro

[@assyfaatha665]

thank you for helping me pass the exam, sir Q_Q

[@202.roomaisaqazi3]

I wish you can be my physiology teacher pretty please

[@kavitachouhan4538]

Need the video on the embroyological development of human eye

[@bhaveshrawal1]

Hey anyone tell me the treatment of photoreceptor loss both eyes? Please help me

[@subashr3962]

Rods and cones are electrically active or inactive... Tell me any one.

[@hiramuazzam8490]

The best lectures are of ninja nerd

[@CebolwethuMawelele]

Finally made sense of my notes my lecturer gave .This is awesome

[@hadinoori2718]

Thank you sir such a nice clear lecture and one of my favorit lecturer love from afghanistan

[@meerafathima4479]

superb awesome sir

[@sodced]

Keep the flames burning

[@aanyagupta4245]

Huge fan of ur sir😊

[@tiffanymyat6320]

Thank you very much!!!!! It is truly amazing that you can condense all these information in this one video!

[@ruthannfacey7586]

This man is amazing. Always a pleasure watching your videos !!!!!!!

[@AmalieKandel]

Thank you for another amazing video breaking down these complicated things in an understandable and organized way! Love the drawings as well - very helpful :))

[@zanejansone-langina5943]

I have specialization exam for my PhD and I have this ticket - you saved my grade :D

[@tasneemtaherali2893]

I have a question : From the video of photo transduction cascade, you mentioned rhodopsin getting activated by light. So if the pupils constrict in bright light to focus the light on the fovea, then how do rods "turn off"? I hope the question makes sense

[@sambitmukherjee8480]

This is because due to the continuous activity of light on rhodopsin it is getting continuosly broken down into all trans retinal and opsin. So not much rhodopsin is now left and that is why rods are getting turned off. Hope you understood. Please let me know

[@pillowwall2283]

FAVOURITE CHANNEL THANKYOU HOPE YOU LIVE A BEAUTIFUL LIFE 💜

[@galbehar]

your videos are amazing! helped me understand so well thank you:)

[@awaresoul1389]

Your technicality is great, but the two explanations you gave are for the opposite situations mentioned... Haha

[@awaresoul1389]

What you said are the initial stage of the opposite situations and not the reason fir the glare and pitch black just after the change in brightness occurred

[@vivek.sasane]

Thank you so much sir ❤

[@vivek.sasane]

Thank you so much sir ❤

[@oop8599]

THANKYOU VERY MUCHIEEE

[@kavitakar719]

Excellent. Your grasp on the subject and teaching is just fab.

[@charlesevelyn6563]

thank you so so so so so so so much

[@donadona5698]

You’re unbelievable!!!

[@amiryoucef1220]

god bless you man

[@user-nm9fk7cb4b]

23:18 You stated that colour blindness was usually an x-chromosome linked recessive disorder, and thus more likely in males. Wouldn’t it be more likely in females if it was x-chromosome linked?

[@ruhiprakash7686]

Females have XX chromosomal configuration. So even if one chromosome is affected, it is masked by the other X chromosome. On the other hand, males have XY chromosomal configuration. So if X chromosome is affected, it cannot be masked by Y chromosome. Males therefore have greater tendency of inheriting X-linked diseases. Females show this type of X-linked disease when both X chromosomes are affected. But that is a rare phenomenon.

[@user-nm9fk7cb4b]

@@ruhiprakash7686 gotcha

[@happychappyrose]

When you said the rods have low wavelengths as dark light did you mean they have a lack of wavelengths?

[@mahfa7513]

Thanks for your time to make this video great

[@lisagigi2893]

Wow! you are so so great! Thanks a lot!!!

[@srish2536]

Lots of love ❣️🇮🇳

[@DR.111.]

احه ع العظمه

[@masikasauda7673]

Thank you sir

[@atiqanabilah1576]

Thank you so much!!! 😭😭

[@osh7724]

best one

[@nara9793]

thank you! :)

[@LucianoJuly]

What an awesome engineer God is!

[@tahsinhussain837]

you are the best