Nuclear Winter, Carl Sagan, & The Drake Equation with Neil deGrasse Tyson, Ann Druyan, & Brian Toon

Are advanced civilizations doomed to destroy themselves? On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-host Chuck Nice explore the Cold War, The Drake Equation, and Carl Sagan’s work on the nuclear winter hypothesis with producer of Cosmos and Carl Sagan’s widow Ann Druyan and atmospheric scientist Brian Toon.
Learn about the Future of Life award, this year's winners, and how scientists came up with the nuclear winter hypothesis: futureoflife.org/future-of-li...
How close to annihilation were we? Ann tells us about working with Carl Sagan on Cosmos and his research on this world and others. Find out how Carl Sagan’s research on the climate of Venus inspired work on the runaway greenhouse effect in our own atmosphere. Are scientists always supposed to be dispassionate?
What are the long-term consequences of nuclear war? How did they discover nuclear winter? Find out about volcanic eruptions and how the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs helped spark the idea of a nuclear winter. What happened after the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? We learn about what smoke does to the atmosphere and what a post-nuclear world would look like. Why haven’t we seen any other advanced civilizations in the universe? Where are they? We talk about the Drake Equation, the fate of the Earth, and the current state of weapons of mass destruction. How much food would be needed to save up to survive a nuclear winter? Is there anywhere that would be safe?
What was the public’s reaction to nuclear winter? How did it impact geopolitics? Discover how Carl Sagan publicized the hypothesis to US and Russian politicians. Has the global amount of nuclear weapons gone down? We discuss the role of science communication and the concerning instability in the world today. Finally, are we safe?
NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free.
About the prints that flank Neil in this video:
“Black Swan” & “White Swan” limited edition serigraph prints by Coast Salish artist Jane Kwatleematt Marston. For more information about this artist and her work, visit Inuit Gallery of Vancouver.
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Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson
0:00 - Introduction
3:22 - Nuclear Climate in the 80s
8:47 - Cosmos
17:07 - Future of Life Award
18:50 - Origins of Nuclear Winter Hypothesis
25:55 - Nuclear Winter’s Geopolitical Influence
28:17 - Influences of Nuclear Winter Paper
31:44 - Where to Survive a Nuclear War
34:59 - Reactions to Nuclear Winter Paper
46:12 - Scientific Storytelling
50:05 - Cold War
56:03 - Closing Notes

[@StarTalk]

What Was Your Favorite Contribution of Sagan's?

[@landscapingspecialist]

“Sagan Effect”: the perception that popular, visible scientists are worse academics than those scientists who do not engage in public discourse.

[@Iamrightyouarewrong]

@@landscapingspecialist and if we left it to the "Good ones" nobody would know, ignorance can be bliss or a dark cave where you die alone.

[@knucklesandwich8458]

Qq4

[@pouyabryant]

Almost everything I've seen or heard from him! but mostly the way he made science fun and not obtuse and how humble he was and never flaunted about his knowledge. he was so ahead of his time.

[@LaburnumDorado]

"We're all star stuff."

[@beeno3487]

Notice how quiet both Chuck and dr Tyson are during the intro explanation. Pure respect

[@Starfals]

Yes, but you could almost see the realization of what will happen in their eyes. The topics are very heavy and depressing. I could literally not think of anything else. There almost is nothing more scary than this. The end of most life at one, if not the ONLY planet supporting life.

[@carlosrosa9319]

This is what needs to be on the news ,positive and educated information that will push us forward and elevate our intelligence.

[@stmpdog1906]

I completely agree! However, we have politicians that want nothing but control and tens of millions of people that would rather watch reality TV. I truly believe the majority of the population is absolutely Clueless.

[@jbarnhart2774]

I wish. I really really wish that would be the case.

[@williamyoung9401]

Big Oil knew about this long before the scientists even. They knew what they were doing. They just didn't care, because they and their children (baby boomers) would be dead before the truth got out and the major problems started.

[@FusionDeveloper]

I bet Ann Druyan would make an amazing school Science Teacher. She would be one of those teachers that you remember for the rest of your life, even if you generally hate school.

[@HikariMagic20]

Carl Sagan is someone I could watch many times over, and I will share it with my children if I ever have any.

[@unnamedchannel1237]

Cal Sagan will have your children

[@bartsshorts]

u won't have any

[@HikariMagic20]

@@bartsshorts probably not, at least not biological children. My wife and I are more likely to adopt than anything.

[@justadbeer]

My children were fascinated by Carl Sagan. I'm sure it had an influence in some way, in my youngest son majoring in physics and astronomy.

[@StarTalk]

We echo this sentiment!

[@tiggler80]

Some of the FINEST words ever spoken from Mrs. Sagan about appreciating the Natural Wonder that is Life!!

[@0xhiro]

Protect this woman. She's a treasure to humanity

[@sonnylecrone8468]

Right!!!

[@noneofyourbusiness7571]

What is a woman?

[@madeincda]

@@noneofyourbusiness7571 That's none of your business. Oh wait..

[@JAMES-my8bf]

@@noneofyourbusiness7571 They are devices created by the Lord Jesus Christ for our entertainment!😁

[@kevind1980]

I bet Sagan was tapping that.

[@murasaki848]

I watched the movie The Day After when it aired on ABC back in1983. The movie was for me and many others overwhelming, terrifying, and depressing. Then in the after show, there was the calming voice of Carl Sagan, reassuring the audience. It went something like, "Despite how you may feel right now, the world has not ended. Look out your window..." This broadcast was also the first time I'd heard him talk about the concept of nuclear winter.

[@SuperPol1981]

And then you hadn't watched Threads yet (BBC)

[@mox9076]

I remember my Jr High principal putting out a PSA to all the students about it.

[@TheLosamatic]

In the end the leaders around the world that are bought and paid for prove that following the insanely ignorant, religious leaders in their thinking that some god will intervene eventually. It’s much more likely our cosmic neighbors are mustering what they can to bring about a “The Day The Earth Stood Still” scenario for we have no right to destroy what we have already, much less all of it!

[@sandal_thong8631]

I saw it then too, but perhaps not the after show. "Is there anybody out there? Anybody at all?"

[@ClaversOdhiamboArt]

Annie!!!! (as Prof. Sagan used to call her) Always great to see Neil’s continued good relations with not only one of his mentors and predecessors but his projects (Cosmos, The Planetary Society etc) and family as well. Hope one day he has Sasha Sagan on; she’s such a great listen and just as passionate and knowledgeable as her amazing parents.

[@ThorPalsson]

Ann Druyan is such an inspiration. Recently listened to a podcast with Sasha Sagan which I really loved, sounds like such a truly lovely person. Felt like she in some ways channels her father in the way she communicates. Really lovely to hear.

[@ClaversOdhiamboArt]

@@ThorPalsson absolutely; the curiosity, passion and pure love for science from both parents plus she’s got the cheerfulness of her mom as well. It’s so pleasant to listen to the Sagans 😊 glad the name lives long after Carl.

[@ThorPalsson]

@@ClaversOdhiamboArt Absolutely

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Neil and Chuck for 2024

[@futureoffuture]

That's dope 🔥

[@Wilfoe]

I'd say Cosmos' secret sauce was the hosts' awe for humanity, life, and the universe.

[@mariocasarez3896]

Well said.

[@nyc220guy]

Relatability, humility, compassion, reason and ... A very memorably cool way of speaking. Billions!

[@sonicracer1]

“The power of the scientific perspective as a transforming, emotional, spiritual experience: be completely cold and dispassionate as you gather and analyse the information, then take the conclusions to heart.” Ann bless you!

[@StarTalk]

One of our new favorite quotes!

[@PeterKnagge]

@@StarTalk The United Nations has already signed a 2017 Treaty prohibiting nuclear weapons and also banned international tax avoidance. Some Americans claim that the UN is a one world government, yet America acts even worse and like they are the "kings of the world" and own all the air the world breathes. Call me crazy, but the witch hunt is over!

[@poeslow1816]

Mr Tyson and Chuck. Simply thank you for what you give us.

[@IcEMystPrivate]

Tyson vs Chuck. 🤔💪

[@isaackitone]

Are there people named Chuck Tyson?

[@billdohteabaggins3548]

@@isaackitone how much would Chuck chuck if Chuck could chuck Chuck Norris

[@nyc220guy]

@@billdohteabaggins3548 as much Norris as a chuck could Norris if a Norris could Norris Tyson.

[@jamiboothe]

I can get Neal and Chuck all day long. Like all day breakfast, at Denny`s but add Ann Druyan and Brian Toon, you have a meal that feeds many more.

[@ZenRyoku]

1:52 chuck acknowledges he is not to be acknowledged... but he SHOULD BE... 💯 given that he is a comedian by nature... he has contributed quite of bit of knowledge and wisdom that some don't give him credit for... ... I for one respect and applaud Chuck (too-Nice) for his contribution to not just Star Talk... but a unconventional point of view amongst some of the most scientifically brilliant minds of all time... 💯

[@technoir2584]

You're my favorite Scientist Neil. Learn something every time I see you on tv or KZbin.

[@gsimons213]

As a Cold War age adult I am just as terrified as Chuck but as hopeful as Ann Driven. Congratulation to the recipients of this important honor and let us hope that we continue to revisit the lesson of the horrific consequences of nuclear war.

[@sandal_thong8631]

With _Oppenheimer_ now in theaters, it's good to have a refresher on Nuclear Winter which I learned 30 years ago or so.

[@Ptaaruonn]

Some world leaders should hear this. Brilliant as always StarTalk.

[@tiggler80]

Please do more episodes with Ann Druyan!! Would love to hear stories about the old days and more from Ann she is such an eloquent speaker!!

[@johncallard7407]

Favorite contribution of Sagan's would have to be Cosmos. As an 8 year old watching it on TV, that show really stuck with me, even to this day.

[@CB-mi9sk]

One of my superheroes has always been Carl Sagan, its never been Batman or Superman. Since I first watched his Cosmos series in the early 80s and following his whole career. I also recall a scene of my beloved sifi movie, The Time Machine 1960 version when the time traveler is screaming at the Eloi for forgetting the voices and the great struggle that has been humanity and giving in to the Morlocks (despair). Carl Sagan and his peers are the voices. The hopeful thing about that is that it’s always been a choice for all of us. Great conversation thank you very much.

[@desert_sky_guy]

Literally tears streaming down my face listening to Ann speak word for word how I feel about science.

[@alejandramguerrero5885]

My deepest gratitude and admiration for people like Professor Toon and Carl Sagan. To Ann, who collaborated with Carl on Cosmos, I am also in debt - Cosmos was a masterpiece in my eyes , even as a school teacher back then , it taught me so much and opened my eyes. Subsequently , it also became part of my own curriculum moving forward . I also appreciated Ann’s contributions to the conversation here. Neil , your Cosmos versions also , did the original, much justice and bought the message up to speed for our some of our more ADHD 21st century viewers and I appreciated those as well. Thank you for having Ann and Professor Toon as your guests . Much needed video at this very moment in time . I often feel helpless , but knowing, at the very least, that there are voices as yours out there, is somehow comforting .

[@stitch3030]

I remember learning of nuclear winter in school in the 90's so they definitely got their message across.

[@thomasgalloway6862]

For some reason, the human species seems to think that there's a reset button. When the nukes start to fly-no reset.

[@tyrionlannister4920]

SCP-2000

[@nyc220guy]

I believe many people watch movies and TV shows believing that they are watching factual documentaries.

[@Jairomos1]

I saw Carl Sagan Cosmos series as a kid, and I was hooked into science and physics. I still remember it almost as a religious experience...

[@whatabouttheearth]

I'm more of a biology guy myself, as Richard Dawkins called it, "The Greatest Show on Earth": kzbin.info/aero/PLXJ4dsU0oGMLnubJLPuw0dzD0AvAHAotW

[@nyc220guy]

I wouldn't say "religious". I would use "spiritual" instead.

[@cyotedude]

Brian, I found your TED talk "Ive been studying nuclear war for 35 years, you should be worried" and I will share it with my friends. Neil and Chuck, great topic and great show guys. Anne, thank you so much for your insight and your work with Carl. And for reviving this crucial topic in the mind of the American public. Especially with the Russia/Ukrane war and with China threatening Tiwan, with N. Korea as the backdrop. We live in a very scarry world, and I am like Chuck, very afraid, and I don't know what to do, other than to stockpile food, etc.

[@patrickrampy6885]

God has a plan.

[@manpreetbhattee9732]

Ann Duryan is so inspiring as person. Really great to listen to her.

[@LeoMetcalf]

Hello to all,,,and congratulations to Carl and his wife ,,,I never saw the original cosmo,,,Neil the one you did I watch on Netflix,,,I bought the dvd set I still watch to this day every time I watch it I see or learn something different,,,,

[@xeddtech]

Carl Sagan was and is one of the most defining people of our civilization. So soft spoken but with such conviction. Wish I could have met him...

[@stephanienirenberg7426]

Wow. Her smile is engrossing. I am taken back by its beauty. And listening to her talk is amazingly beautiful.

[@pouyabryant]

The next two cosmos series hosted by sir Tyson were absolutely stunning, informative and entertaining too. I've watched each and every single episode over and over again and have done my own share of research and survey on the contents of each episode too. as you mention in the series sir: Nullius in verba. so I've been trying to see and experiment in a wise manner for myself. it has been really eye opening and life changing for me thanks to you and the people who made those programs possible. episode 4 of cosmos; possible worlds about Nikolai Vavilov's life and hardship in particular not only opened my eyes and made me wonder but also helped me shape and mold better values for myself. by the way thanks for this great episode startalk.

[@sandal_thong8631]

As someone interested in science who did read Scientific American and now listens to Science Friday, I find I already know a lot about the topics discussed (this video was a refresher). I loved his _Cosmos_ episode about the lead industry and steps that were needed to bring it down. It said it was called "Clean Room" about Clair Paterson searching for the age of the Earth and finding lead in everything. I hadn't heard much about this topic other than lead was bad and we were trying to remove it from gasoline, pipes and paint.

[@louisr8767]

Ann is amazing. Recently downloaded the audio book from Chirp of Pale Blue Dot narrated by Ann - brilliant

[@francisjohnson665]

The most informative show going. I always learn something new. Plus Neil and Chuck are hilarious. 👍👍👍

[@nyc220guy]

Carl Sagan was the science educator that drew in interest from those that knew that they didn't care for science. Quite similar to what Dr. Tyson does. Especially in the past, many people KNEW that they hated science because of how it's academic members represented it. Mr. Sagan opened they eyes of many that hungered for scientific knowledge that they never considered they needed in their lives.

[@sandal_thong8631]

I remember doing chemistry or physics "experiments" where we were supposed to get the "correct" results and then analyze them to show there was a linear or exponential relationship. But if we got one or more points wrong it led to the wrong answer. Ideally, every team should have been submitting their data for the whole class to analyze, so we could learn precision, accuracy and error bars. A few years back I heard a report that said not many people in Mensa (the high IQ society) are scientists. Perhaps because scientific experiments are repetitive and tedious. There's probably not a lot of fields for theoretical investigations where one could use their genius to think up something new and try to prove it.

[@Amy-Bo-Bamy]

You had me at "This is Startalk." 😊🌟

[@kevind1980]

You're easy to please.

[@Amy-Bo-Bamy]

@@kevind1980 Knowledge and truth are pleasing, but not easy, especially this particular subject.

[@GamerbyDesign]

Carl Sagan is the definition of ahead of the game.

[@samogufonianrockstar7510]

Neil..Thanks for anoda outstanding episode🙌👍 ..loved it!

[@garybowler5946]

Great chemistry among the hosts, love it.

[@Jedmanuel91]

What an episode. Thank you all!

[@blakeh6250]

Remember watching cosmos..just glued to it.

[@DrBilly619]

My favorite contribution of Sagan’s is his impact on my life.

[@snaplash]

I remember the very depressing 1959 movie "On the Beach" where postwar radiation had killed off everyone everywhere except Australia. It just hadn't arrived there yet. Preparation included distribution of suicide pills to escape slow radiation death. It had me depressed for a week or two afterward.

[@Steven_Edwards]

That came from a book which was really good and the movie was remade in the 90s or early oughts. It was a pretty good remake with a good cast. Check out the book or remake sometime.

[@Russia-bullies]

I got depressed after watching an Asian show on the aftermath of the atom bomb hits on Japan.So I know how you feel.

[@neilhobson3624]

Doesn’t Mrs Sagan still look great. I think that Neil is a brilliant substitute ( if ever there could be one) for Carl. Long live the lot of you🇬🇧👍.

[@victorralosky5447]

As long as there are people who can't look beyond color and get offended by opinion.. As long as there are people who can't see beyond themselves. As long as there are people who are afraid of change. As long as there are people who deal in lies. There is always a threat of nuclear war.

[@nickglass12]

Bravo, and it’s so nice to see folks not interrupt or talk over each other.

[@BryieURuncal2023]

I watched Cosmos on a VHS tape five years after the fact because I was in University studying electronics at the time of those broadcasts. What a great program. I was lucky my dad was a physicist and he set this VCR timer to record the PBS shows of interest in those days. I stayed with him for a year before moving for employment. During that time I found his collection of Cosmos tapes a gold min.

[@DrTHC]

Dr. Sagan was so special. He was one of the best examples of humanity. He could've lived longer than Methuselah and been on this planet too short a time. 🔭🌍🌕☀️💖

[@Nefville]

I know Ann from the intro she did for the original Cosmos, I suppose when it was rereleased some years later. She's amazing.

[@ricktoffer01]

I still have the book by Carl Sagan and Richard Turco. A Path Were No Man Thought: Nuclear Winter and End of the Arms Race. Which in college in the 1980 I started a club call ed E.N.D.S. (Enterprise for Nuclear Destruction Society). This book was our reasoning for the club. It was a comedy club to ease the fears of the nuclear treat in the 1980s. ☢ENDS☢

[@MistyBlueMoon]

College name? What you had in such clubs? Anything to share .... We may use .

[@ricktoffer01]

@@MistyBlueMoon VWCC a community college in Roanoke VA. We had 50+ members at one time. We were a comedy club that wasn't sanctioned by the school. We did it anyway. The ENDS and symbols have been copyrighted. Here is a good one too NWBS Nuclear War Beneficial Society or ☢NWBS☢.

[@whatabouttheearth]

I was in a special security unit in the Marine Corps that dealt with nukes, understanding how EXTREMELY serious they are about safety with that stuff makes it even scarier that we came so close back in the cold War days. NOBODY, not even crackpot lunatic dictators want to launch nukes but the biggest threat always comes from being paranoid of the other guy. We we essentially in an extended version of what's called "a Mexican standoff"

[@ricktoffer01]

@@whatabouttheearth But now we have a conman like Trump who has stolen nuclear secrets and probably sold them to other nations. To enrich his bank accounts!

[@whatabouttheearth]

@@ricktoffer01 What? Trump is an absolutely moral and decent human being, he's so morraly upstanding he's almost Jesus himself

[@wolfgangholtzclaw2637]

Ann, so brilliant of Carl publishing the Nuclear Winter story in a magazine (parade) that had so much coverage. Reminds me of when Von Braun went to Disney's Sunday Night program to explain the possibilities of landing a man on the moon. Instant excitement on one of America's most popular television shows. Good Work Carl!!! Getting the word out is the point. Nuclear Winter taught me to not fear Global Warming, the world has been warming and cooling for 100s of thousands of years, but in a few short months the Nuclear Age could wipe us out, not by blast and heat, but by the bigger picture of dust and ash in the upper atmosphere strangling our food stores. Brilliant, and I am convinced nuclear winter is real. Good work guys, this episode is quite eye opening.

[@yvonneplant9434]

The British film Threads shows, pretty well, what a nuclear winter would be like. Terrifying!

[@shaneanderson6230]

Unbelievably awesome episode, I will watch this one over and over, and share it. Sincere thanks for bringing this information to the masses.

[@mickeybrumfield764]

Humans need to put the warrior mentality behind them.

[@jeremyswalley8625]

Love how she smiles when talking about disaster and destruction!!

[@AbbyTheAbinator]

Aww this woman is whole heartedly honest. Every one .... really needs to aspire to have this compassion and understanding.

[@timak74]

Except she is propaganda machine for the west

[@Stratonetic]

It always saddens me to remember I missed Carl Sagan by a year. Imagine the wonders that would have been if he was with us today.

[@jamiehollanger6560]

Dr. DeGrasse Tyson I love and miss the series, The Cosmos: A Space Time Odyssey, and Possible Worlds that Ann Druyan and yourself put together. Is there any possible way that you can bring the show back? 😏 🤔

[@John-mf6ky]

*Dr Tyson Why are you calling him by his middle name? Lol

[@samuelpoche-mercedes2352]

I love all of the amazing points brought up in this video. very informative and truthful.

[@braddsn]

You watch this, then suddenly realize what an absolute shame it is to even have weapons capable of ending life on Earth. We are here against astounding odds... we are so valuable.

[@alesscav99]

Carl Sagan introduced me the critical thinking and the scientific method which is applicable in any field in our lives. I am 22, that means I met him long after he died, early in 2020, here on KZbin on a video where he explains the fourth dimension. I love being a big time weirdo as Carl spells out in one of the demon-haunted world chapters, "Maxwell and the nerds", they are the responsible for the behind the scenes in the technological advance. It's a pleasure to be aware of how all the technology has been developed and eventually helps us better understand where we came from, unfolding the history of the universe. Cheers from Brazil for all of you out there.

[@cristobalosuna3106]

I subscribed recently to StarTalk, I love Mr. De Grasse communication skills! What an interesting and inspiring talk! As a UN interpreter working often in disarmament matters I sometimes teach Interpretation students about the disarmament and non proliferation international architecture regime... Keep doing this, please!

[@NGC0Music]

So basically, if not Carl Sagan, US and the Soviet Union would have (most likely) caused our extinction, did I get it right? That’s crazy…

[@OverlordZephyros]

it wont ... nuclear winter is overblown. in reality if it did happen humanity would still be here, albeit in a political world very different than today NUCLEAR WINTER is a MYTH propgaded by ACTIVIST scientist to not allow the use of nuclear bombs in reality it would never happen cause most bombs would fall on concrete cities and be unable to create a firestorm necessary due to insufficient concentrated combustible materials to take soot high into the stratosphere. Nuclear war would be very devastating , that much is true but its not the end of civilization scenario that most people believe

[@MrMancreatedgod]

@@OverlordZephyros how are you so ignorant?

[@NGC0Music]

@@OverlordZephyros how can you be so sure? It almost sounds like you’ve lived one and came here to tell us the experience.

[@bathin813]

@@NGC0Music probably because the leaders are greedy. They won't destroy a potential farm. At best they blow up houses and hospitals.

[@martinda7446]

@@NGC0Music He is absolutely correct. Just don't be in a city or near a military target when they start chucking ICBMs..

[@AV8R_Surge]

Chuck's got that "I'm moving to Australia" look

[@Mr.Brownstone66]

love these talks! very intriguing topics with a touch of comedy ! love it learning has never been so fun :) lol

[@johnherron3961]

TY from all of us out here in the public.

[@TheMcEwens419]

Thank you so much for having a beautiful thing called intelligence that you share with us.

[@nyc220guy]

Not just intelligence but reason and compassion as well.

[@MikeJamesMedia]

Thank you, everyone.

[@bikkies]

I grew up in the time of Thatcher, Reagan, Brezhnev and a genuine fear that I may never see tomorrow. One of the most powerful memories I have is of watching an outstanding film, "The Day After", which is as relevant today as ever before. I'd encourage everyone to watch that, as well as Testament. If we are to step away from this grenade then perhaps we need more films like these, which don't end with happy Disney smiles and everyone living happily ever after. We need films that are cautionary rather than entertaining, stark rather than watchable. These films influenced me and they may influence you, the reader of this comment. Watch an intelligent drama setting out the inevitability and finality of a nuclear war. Then lobby your national and local politicians wherever you live.

[@isetfrances6124]

🦋 Definitely, Day After is memorable to us baby boomers. What’s wierd is how nuclear holocaust results in winter rather than a hot outcome… marking the genius of these people 🕊

[@cassimsuleman5641]

Blame your stupidity for believing the propaganda

[@doordashpro9110]

Excellent timing on this topic 👏

[@maxheadrom3088]

When Cosmos aired in Brazil we had a tube TV that took 5 minutes to turn on (tubes needed to heat up). It aired on Sundays at 10:00am. Mass was from 9:00 to 10:00 so I used to read the scriptures and leave mass right after the homily not to miss it.

[@Tight_Conduct]

Her closing remarks at 17:00 ish brought tears to my eyes and gave me chills

[@PeaceOfEverything]

Legendary content in remembrance of the great one.

[@maryussindili5595]

One of the best episodes so far, gets you thinking...

[@bendobson216]

Thank you for your work. It has been life changing for me.

[@northwindhighlander]

I was born in 84. Sagan was the first person I remember in my childhood, that made space, and science, meet, and I'd have never cared about space, and all the physics, and wonders of it, if it weren't for Sagan. I'd have never grown up to buy a decent telescope, and I'd have never seen amazing things like the rings of saturn, or several of Jupiter's moons, with my own eyes. There's so much going on out there, that people are so oblivious to.

[@Micah98134]

Chuck, I acknowledge you! You are equally important to the show as Neil.

[@veronicamoradeleon671]

I really love this lady! 💚 Ojala hubieran mas personas como ella en este mundo! Seria un mundo diferente!

[@markhovsepian1469]

Ms. Ann or Dr. Ann I gather from her achievements is a GODDESS!!! She has more brain power in her pinky than most people have in their entire body! Thank you for your dedication!

[@SpaceAgeCapital]

Wow I love Anne's coments!! She perfectly articulated my feelings!

[@PoetryETrain]

Thank you all, shared & subscribed.

[@BluntBrazenCurt_Evolved]

This was a fantastic explanation video

[@misterx168]

It's a tense moment when Chuck makes a joke when there is a discreet guest on and for more than 3 seconds nobody laughs.

[@Goshin89]

Humor is buddy's bread and butter. It'll always be a bit tense when a joke doesn't land.

[@monkey2god998]

Ya i see alot of that with Chuck

[@nyc220guy]

He's doing his best, ok?! It's quite hard to make jokes while in the presence of those you respect highly. Nerves.

[@beckyd712]

Everybody should see this! Thank you, Blessed Be!

[@OG-PapaDude]

Best interview ever.

[@MasonOfLife]

Brilliant episode!

[@cyotedude]

Chuck Nice, I just learned that you, in addition to comedy, have done a TED Talk. Nice work! Neil DeGrasse Tyson, I love your content. Carl Sagan was (and still is) amazing, I watched COSMOS as a kid, learning about the space around us. Ann Druyan, I also remember the dialog about Nuclear War aftermath then, and today I am a lifelong prepper for the potential that exists.

[@jfreshh330]

I've thought about preparing too and building some underground bunker lol but then another part of me just thinks what's the point in life if there's just going to be death and destruction all around me

[@ccrouch265]

This episode made me cry ❤

[@silentracer911]

Another amazing episode and it hits home so much because this is our reality at the moment this video is released. Many are scared, many think the Earth is flat, and it’s such an unbelievable array of disinformation going on, if we have the chance to look back after 100 years, I hope we can stop this from ever happening again.

[@stellybrah]

Ain't no planet X coming cuz ain't no space cuz ain't not globe earth.

[@neilonaniet]

@@stellybrah Easy on the blunts there, bro ...

[@marknugent9851]

Look around, look at what the JWST is sending home, rocks, mountains, tigers, LIGO, the National Monument, our sun... "These are some of the things that hydrogen atoms do, given fifteen billion years of cosmic evolution.” - Carl Sagan.... ooh, just had an idea for if ever get a tattoo! Dr Sagan is a legend, when I am struggling with depression I try to remember to re-read his amazing speech 'A Pale Blue Dot.' It inspires awe in me and puts everything in perspective. Gotta say, after seeing Druyan speak it's not hard to see why the good Dr fell for Ann. I bought the DVD set of the OG 1980 Cosmos and it lead me down a road of science enthusiasm, I'd love to get into it but my dyscalculia makes that hard. I have read a few of Sagan's books, Neil's Cosmos series, a couple of Neil's books, a couple of Hannah Fry docs, KZbin channels like Dr Becky, StarTalk, Physics Girl, Up and Atom, and TV like Bill Nye Saves the World on Netflix and The Universe (which either my confidence isn't high enough for or I fear it might just be above my head...hope I get there because I bought a few seasons on blu ray). Thank you Ann, thanks Neil, thank you Carl. Always looking up.

[@sagittariusa8839]

I respect Dr. Tyson. When he sticks to science instead of politics. An hour to get to the point of the firestorm that precludes the winter.

[@mathieuconnor4564]

I'm gonna sign in with ALL my secret accounts to like this. Ann, you and Carl have done the entire world an incredible service with all your work. Thank you!

[@kevind1980]

This was the most i have seen NGT not interrupt a guest. I wish he would do this more often.

[@alreadydead1659]

99% of the time he "interrupts" to clarify something if/when jargon (scientific or otherwise) is used. If you had any talent for communicating complex concepts, you'd have noticed that. Alas, you are you. Disappointing.

[@theduder2617]

29:55 Mutually Assured Destruction It's not the lone bomb that would cause nuclear winter. It's the follow-up response(s) that will secure that fate. Nuclear weapons are absolutely horrible for they can never be designed to attack only combatants. It also effects grandmothers to use only one example. Humanity has to literally be mad to still consider the deadly temper tantrum that is a nuclear weapon.

[@drayyye]

I gotta check out Brian Toon’s TED Talk like ASAP

[@charleslomanto]

All StarTalk shows are just amazing and this episode was no different.

[@remoskeemoful]

She is just simply amazing. Thank you Mr.Tyson for this beautiful channel. You make the world of science a very nice experience. Facts to the point, and make us laugh at the same time. Thank you

[@oldnepalihippie]

As someone who cut my scientific teeth on Carl's words and appearances, this interview brought back all those cold war memories but as Annie says, in light of today's hot war, we should be really worried. I can't imagine worrying anymore that I have for the past 66 years, but I guess I'll try to be Annie and remain optimistic.

[@letyouknowinc.7707]

Very insightful!

[@JBizl_Productions]

Great video.

[@andygaras]

incredibly inspiring perspects shares by Ann Druyan