How Did India Fall to the Europeans? | East vs. West

European colonial history in Asia -- from the British in India to the Dutch in Indonesia -- is often misunderstood. We're (incorrectly) taught that the East India Companies dominated Asia early, giving rise to more direct European control over their newfound colonies.
The truth is much more interesting. In this video, I focus on India to tell the story of the West vs. the East in the "Age of Discovery."
European dominance of imperial Asia really only began in the mid-1700s, and that too is a poorly explained phenomenon. In reality, the factors giving rise to European dominance were mostly luck-based, and were the inevitable result of late medieval military-social change in Europe: the Military Revolution.
Enjoy!
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Further reading:
"Empires of the Weak: the Real Story of European Expansion and the Creation of the New World Order," by J.C. Sharman
"Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not," by Prasannan Parthasarathi
"The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy," by Kenneth Pomeranz

[@OddCompass]

Thanks for watching! If you'd like to support the creation of more Asian history content, check out my CreatorGuild page at creatorguild.co/oddcompass, where you can make custom requests, leave tips, join pools, purchase offers, and more!

[@Dosaskillz]

Awesome! We’ve all been waiting for this for a while, we wanna support you.

[@arnavpandey3823]

Well i don't know if you have read any of my previous requests or not but please consider making a video on the Gupta empire(the golden age of India)

[@mayankbisht7691]

Awesome video but those aah.... sound was not wanted

[@Dosaskillz]

Arnav Pandey Nice video suggestion. I think his CreatorGuild page is where we can send in requests and also participate in pools for trying to get him to cover certain topics.

[@bprogressive]

we need more and detailed scientific analysis of historical events of Asia especially of india. As we are going through a phase of the 1920s Italy or Germany of mixture of both in current indian politics. Please help us to not being 1930s Europe in near future. BTW you can check out sand roman history channel. Super work 👌👌

[@hashmarker4994]

The reason India was so decentralised was because of how diverse it was. Its easier to control a region by recruiting a local warlord/chieftain/clan leader than earn the trust of the completely different community.

[@VICKORTY]

For example, Bengal always claimed indepence, whenever Central power in North India grew weak

[@hashmarker4994]

@ABHISHEK RAJU i abhor discrimination based on religion and caste too. Heck I hate religion. But India has this thing were individual communities were segregated based on tribalistic leanings due to which they only favoured their community members. The Caste System is a direct extreme result of that. Social Darwinianism favors traits that allow self propogation or survival of idealogies as well. This allowed the wholly different communities within the subcontinent. There are segregations based on religious, casteist, racial, ethnic, cultural and linguistic lines as well. In a lot of other parts of the worlds the differences were not along as many lines as here. The only reason this diversity exists is because they closed of any genetic breeding between communities which typically cultminates into a single group identity. Not saying its a good thing. Heck, a common identity would have made things a lot easier (but bloodier) for us. But it is what it is.

[@VICKORTY]

@ABHISHEK RAJU Europe was diverse, just like us. And Europe is not a country. India you can say is a rare sight or exception where so much versatile population group was able to unite under one banner and called a nation.

[@VICKORTY]

@ABHISHEK RAJU that's true

[@HS-or6eo]

@ABHISHEK RAJU source

[@HistoryOfRevolutions]

"The rebellion was in great measure put down by turning the races of India against each other. So long as this can be done, the government of India from England is possible. But, if this were to change and should the population be moulded into a single nationality, we would have to leave.” - Sir John Seeley

[@sushanalone]

TA Da Dannn! (Anon 1947)

[@mudra5114]

Sounds lovely ke a fake qoute to me. The British United India and created a united nation.

[@arnavpandey3823]

@@mudra5114 you're been sarcastic right?

[@mudra5114]

@@arnavpandey3823 No.

[@arnavpandey3823]

@@mudra5114 stop reading the British propaganda then i guess

[@mortazahaidary9695]

Japan was the only Asian country that saw the rise of European powers and quickly industrialised their country and by ww1 to ww2 became a great power in the east that rivalled even the British empire.

[@mint8648]

Bengal mysore tried

[@Fam98KK]

Yeah, in Asia Arabia and Persia declined, while Ottoman's started declining, China was ununited and India fell to brit. Japan understood the assignment

[@wolverine9377]

Japan was like not even 10% of what British achieved, They just got lucky they captured some part of china mainly cuz china was going through civil war and weakened by European, Other countries like veitnam and other were like colonies and their people actually supported Japanese To fight against European in asia.

[@chrisriverata1917]

Japan Fighting Britain in Asia would be like Britain Fighting Japan in Europe. Most island nations are built for defense and the Japanese and the British were lucky that most of the world is traversable through water.

[@chrisriverata1917]

@@wolverine9377 Then they got brutal repressed because Japan was actually a colonial power.

[@minhtue90]

A few other really interesting points that the author didn’t touch: the invention of the joint stock exchange, which unlocked national wealth and fueled colonial projects that aimed at profitability instead of national pride or military show-off (and if the commercial project failed, the government and investors were protected from political liability), the durability of higher learning institutions in Europe (India universities like Nalanda were destroyed), the royal families in Europe were related (so there was a degree of stability among the states, such as Spain, Portugal, France, England, Russia, Austria, etc). Europeans fought many wars, but they usually left the important institutions and cities intact; few states disappeared completely like Vijaynagara.

[@swatisquantum]

Dang good point!

[@Randompanda188]

Current Vijayanagara empire became two different states Telangana and Karnataka.

[@valiyapurakkalNarayanankutty]

Dude that IS the answer to this entire video.

[@himanshusingh5214]

Capitalism and Corporation

[@mongoose6685]

Europe was unified by Christianity, the Holy Roman Empire and academia by the Latin language. The fights between Catholics and Protestants did not result in stagnation.

[@kuroazrem5376]

I once read that Bengal had all the necessary conditions to industralize, and that the Brits, not wanting competition, dismantled their economy, thus reducing them to poverty.

[@rejoanbary2155]

The Bengali people have a disorganized society. That's why the conditions being there doesn’t matter, most aren’t going to change their behaviors to match with the requirements for industrialisation.

[@rejoanbary2155]

@Md Miah The key here is 'complicated' and that they weren’t disloyal to their country whilst the Bengalis ( my people) did not even have any loyalty to our country or whatever local leader. This incentivised disloyalty and still does.

[@mohanjaiswal792]

@@rejoanbary2155 There is no concept of country in the context of nation state in 18th century bengali society. Thousands of bengalis have sacrificed their lives in the freedom struggle of India, more than any other ethnicities of India. Who tf are you to talk shit about bengalis?

[@Swift-mr5zi]

What you read was complete nonsense Bengal was far more poor, was far less technologically advanced, had backwards political organisation, lower agricultural productivity, and was always being attacked from outside powers.

[@bobettethedestroyerthebuil1034]

It’s likely that industrialization of Britain happened because of the annexation of Bengal

[@konycurrentyear7053]

An excellent video, but a small nitpick is that most of Britain's coal reserves aren't actually near London. They are in places like South Wales and the North of England. This is partly why the North developed a separate industrial base outside of London.

[@OddCompass]

Thanks! Many of the academic sources I read insisted upon coal reserves near London, so I wonder if there were small initial reserves near London during the early industrial revolution era.

[@ajithsidhu7183]

@@OddCompass sikh empire please

[@ajithsidhu7183]

@@OddCompass king porus as well please

[@JokerJoker-xc7xb]

@@OddCompass Woooow What an Utter Complete Garbage History you have put in front of whole world... One Simple Question for you!!!! Britian didnot have any Logistics, the Infantry were less in Numbers How those 5000 British Soldiers Defeated More than 5 Crore Soldiers of a Different Geography Terrain???

[@MukulBhardwaj0]

@@JokerJoker-xc7xb Wow thats the most ignorant statement I have read in 2022 so far

[@AmoghHalageri]

2:48 I remember reading this part of the story, and its very interesting. The Portugese didn't know how to navigate the Arabian sea to reach India. That knowledge was a safely guarded secret of the Arabian sailors. Fortunately, they found a shipwrecked sailor who belonged to the South Indian state of Kerala, and they agreed to provide him the security and safe passage in exchange for the secret knowledge. He then told the Portuguese that the trick is to simply follow the Monsoon Trade Winds, which head straight to India. Without this knowledge, the Portuguese may or may not have reached India since it was hard to navigate those seas without any experience.

[@marksnow7569]

Early in the 15th century, the Portuguese had instituted a generations-long programme of exploration, each voyage building on the knowledge gained by the previous ones. They were playing the long game, and would inevitably have reached India sooner or later

[@thechosenone1533]

That's the trick, follow the winds? That's a very old trick. They were guided on the trip but it wasn't a closely guarded secret. The guide just told them where to go.

[@oldtownboy8107]

Who do you think the portuguese are ? The portuguese were one of the well organized and highly developed maritime power since the roman era even before the arabs started seeing the ocean . But they didn't navigated both the west and east until the colonization . All their navigations were to the places in the european and african continents . Even the Roman empire itself had well established trade networks with the east especially india . The Rome even had it's own port in the exact same indian state of kerala called Muziris where they also had a roman temple and garrisons for the Roman Military . And after the collapse of Rome , the informations about the trades where passed on to the newly formed kingdoms and later to portugal . And there is no surprise that the portugal became the first global sea power in the history . There is no secret for arabs , all they did the job of middle person or an agent between europe and asia . Even without arabs or their knowledge the portugal will find its way to india but takes a bit more time and efforts for them that's all . The exact same portugal reached the brazil and cape of good hope without other's help . Ferdinand magellan , who is the first person to prove the earth is spherical by navigating from one place and circled the globe to reach the starting point is from portugal , and there was no arab or chinese to help him . Even the Portugal is named after port , this shows the influence of oceans has on Portugal and influence of Portugal on all the oceans .

[@sca8217]

My Indian brother, please widen your reading before you make these broad generalizations. "Without this knowledge , the Portuguese....without any experience" is a statement that reeks of ignorance and points towards your tendency to quote from dubious sources instead of actually reading up.

[@AmoghHalageri]

@@sca8217 If you wish to debate, present your arguments and win it like a professional. No ad hominems please.

[@bigheadrhino]

Main Lesson: don’t underestimate or look down on others. The Asian powers with all their awesome stuff took no interest in seeing what the Europeans were up to or even fathom that they could produce anything of worth. The Chinese emperor famously rejected British technology for trade. Imagine how different their last few centuries would have gone if they had had the foresight of the Japanese and used the leverage they had at the time to learn from the Europeans. Hindsight is 20/20 but makes me really wonder who is being underestimated right now.

[@knowledgedesk1653]

Wrong. Indian Kingdoms like Mysore, Maratha and Sikh empire for example were trying to modernize. And Mysore gunpowder technology compared to British at that time. But that time it was too late

[@bigheadrhino]

@@knowledgedesk1653 how am I wrong though? They were too late, doesn’t mean they would have fared better doing nothing.

[@riyadougla539]

So well said. Even during the 1857 mutiny the last Mughal simply didn't bother seizing the opportunity to oust the EIC. The Japanese were smarter in that regard, leading to the Meiji Restoration.

[@dv9239]

As old Greek and Arab records say Indians were disinterested and ignorant of the outside world and anything outside the subcontinent was nothing to them Just like modern Americans who live in their own bubble Guess wealth is the culprit rich States do grow ignorant overtime

[@freedom_fight]

@@knowledgedesk1653 Wrong. Marathas did nothing and never tried to modernise. Hindu cast system was very strong among marathas and they were weak.

[@part-timebrock1126]

Chinese and Indian Empires always were the Top Economies in past....

[@HinduPAGANcowpissdrinkerRAKESH]

Bengal sultanate was one of the richest till British and Portuguese pirates arrived

[@Vajrapani108]

@@dhritishmandeka4371 both of them were by far the richest countries for many millennia, both of them suffered heavy decline, yet one of them is on its way to claim the top, and another is rising again. According to the world bank indian economy grew by 8.4%, according to RBI it grew by 9.5%. The GDP is predicted to overtake France next year. The future is bright, enough with the pessimism!

[@Vajrapani108]

@N Gaming if per capita mattered, then Switzerland would have been leading the world

[@Vajrapani108]

@N Gaming the video mentions a centralised system with systematic taxation system combined with a innovative industry, per capita has no place here. If anything, up until the heavy tax barriers imposed by the British, indian textiles still maintained a good foothold, and was actually prefered by European nobles for being finer and better quality, contrary to mass produced factory goods of early industrial period. The de-industrialisation of India had to be very much forced upon by imposing huge tax barriers on indian exports, and not something that was a direct effect of free market. And talking about pre-industrial world, indian factories maintained the top position, and the producers earned more than their European counterparts. Even the farmers of india fared better than Europe (not talking about UK here) because India has bigger and more rivers than Europe, and gets an yearly rain in the form of monsoon. The indian agricultural poverty only happened due to forced opium plantation by East india company, as opium was neither something anyone other than the British brought, and it basically destroys the soil fertility

[@Vajrapani108]

@N Gaming go ahead and redo middle school

[@bnb6868]

Spanish trade went via Mexico so there was two big trading bases in the empire: Seville (Spanish and American trade) and Mexico city (America and the Asia). Most Asian commodities other than spices or silk rarely made it to Spain but were rather common to encounter in Mexico city. The trading elite and their families had a lot of Asian furniture decorations etc which lead to a syncretic kind of living style of a kind of hispano Asian interior design. America's connection with Asia is often ignored because Spanish involvement in Asia and the pacific is often overshadowed or underestimated compared to England Dutch and Portuguese

[@zakaryloreto6526]

Acapulco was the main trading port between Asia and The Americas as it was right next to the Pacific Ocean, but then those goods from Acapulco would enter Mexico City as Mexico City is inland.

[@bnb6868]

@@zakaryloreto6526 yes but Acapulco was just the harbor like Ostia for Rome. The trading exchanging sending off etc all happened in Mexico city

[@maYTeus]

I remember learning from another KZbin comment that Spain used Mexico as a launchpad into Asia.

[@bnb6868]

@@maYTeus Yes after they realised there's a continent between Europe and Asia they retook from the americas the original Asia goal

[@my_other_side473]

@@bnb6868 the Only Trading Ports of Spain in Asia is the Philippines. The Galleon Trade between Manila, Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico. Had two round trips per Year.

[@viswa5409]

This is a great detailed info .. this content prep would have taken months to compile and present. Thank you for all the pains taken to give us such quality content!

[@salazarway]

Thank you for the information. It's always a pleasure to learn from history. Best regards to all, from Portugal

[@jagdishtechs]

Not very detailed and precise (with Indian power struggle and socio-economics) but still far better interpretation and explanation than many others.

[@MegaShubhankit]

Point 3, 4, 5 are hypothetical

[@bobettethedestroyerthebuil1034]

Yea, they also for some reason did not bring up the needed wealth and resources from the americas in their points, despite bringing up silver earlier.

[@echosmith5256]

@Md Miah he glossed over the systemic deindustrialization of India and acted like it was a natural phenomenon rather than deliberate European policy - Europeans knew what they were doing when they encouraged colonies to become raw material producers but actively discouraged any form of vertical integration. Also did not touch upon cultural factors like akbar banning the printing press to preserve jobs for scribes, and the nature of caste in preventing broad based education in India. European societies got better organized through conflict but also because of social changes that accompanied it

[@mint8648]

@@echosmith5256 true. britain was lucky it conquered bengal.

[@Sai-zu2hy]

@@echosmith5256 yes you are right they always encouraged importation rather than locally manufacturing or helping to bring more technology

[@ihatemotionblur_3255]

The British Conquest of India was an amazing look into European and Indian history, and there was so much drama, thrill and twists among all the people who were involved in this. From the traitorous intrigue among Indian courts, to the deceitful British Merchants and Company Officials who were given landowning rights by the Mughals, and fooled, divided and conquered the numerous kingdoms and duchies. The British had subsidiary alliances with everyone from Punjab to Travancore. This video is awesome, and really goes into the detail on this invasion. The British conquest could've been ended at any time if the native kingdoms like Mysore, Hyderabad and Marathas banded together to repel them. This is definitely one of my most favorite periods in history.

[@SafavidAfsharid3197]

Actually the Peshwa of Maratha confederacy, Nizamate of Hyderabad and Kingdom of Mysore did planned to make an anti-british allience but that allience didn't came to reality and failed.

[@BatCostumeGuy]

@@SafavidAfsharid3197 The British outplayed and pitted the rulers against each other.

[@gourav4672]

this video is actually all over the place, the very main reason India fell, was because the Mughal Maratha wars left no one central power and complete collapse of socio-economic factors, which the British saw as opportunity and used it very well, simple.

[@harshitjaiswal5529]

@@SafavidAfsharid3197 I dont actually see them ever being together as these powers are polar opposites of each others

[@SafavidAfsharid3197]

@@harshitjaiswal5529 then you should look into anti-british allience of Nizam-mysore-maratha. Because history is complicated. Ex- Maratha allying with Mughal to invade rajputs or rajputs attacking jatts.

[@450Chicago]

Thank you for producing this. Excellent storytelling. I'm watching it over and over again

[@rohanxdavis]

Excellent content! You make important factors in our history accessible for all

[@TheLazyVideo]

“Necessity is the mother of invention” And the longer timeframe of political stability helps with innovation.

[@Lionoftruth7]

What about cold blooded mass murdering ? Savage blood thirsty minds ?

[@daakuredpanda5782]

Man! Quality content. As an Indian, I am grateful. Thanks a lot and a very Happy New Year!

[@krantiwithshruti]

Great work …!! Deep research and quality documentary Thank you 🙏🏻

[@sainatha]

Recommend reading "Unwanted Neighbours: The Mughals, the Portuguese, and Their Frontier Zones" for an understanding of how the early communications were like, between the european and the indian powers

[@marksnow7569]

The curious thing about the Mughals and the Portuguese is that the Portuguese established their power in south-west India years *before* Babur's Mughal forces arrived from the north-west.

[@sainatha]

@@marksnow7569 yep!

[@dv9239]

@@marksnow7569 just a few years of difference I guess All happened during the reign of Emperor Shri Krishna Devaraya of Vijayanagaram

[@marksnow7569]

@@dv9239 Yes, Goa celebrated its 450th anniversary as a Portuguese colony in 1960

[@raunakshahi]

I appreciate you making quality content on Indian history as it is a vastly untouched topic by many youtubers! Hope you grow to a million subs soon!

[@tarunrobin8576]

Hey, thanks for making this content. It's hard to find quality content about the Indian history in KZbin. Really appreciate it!

[@immad9706]

The analysis show how deep your study is..... the 5 points were so accurate

[@strauss7151]

Your artwork style is excellent. It really breathes new life into history.

[@seanpoore2428]

This was a great breakdown of an almost always oversimplified topic

[@micahistory]

I love the smooth animation and good narration, keep it up!

[@mensurhamzic5199]

Great video. Really added a new dimension to already known facts. Thanks!

[@cidadao.romano]

Um prazer ver o nascimento de um grande canal! 🤓

[@Iyervval]

FANTASTIC as usual. Could you recommend some additional reading on the Asian silver shortage and the crises it spawned please?

[@walterwhite9520]

Are you real Abhijit Iyer Mitra sir?

[@sourabhdebnath4165]

@@walterwhite9520 he is the real one

[@walterwhite9520]

@@sourabhdebnath4165 wanted to tell him stop writing chutiyaap stuff on first-post and other websites and news portals. sadly he didnt reply.

[@amoghavarshanripatunga]

@@walterwhite9520 Still better than the shit they publish in The Hindu or The IE lmao

[@harshitjaiswal5529]

@@walterwhite9520 Nah bro he isnt he would know more about this time period than anyone else

[@micahistory]

i like how this channel specifically focuses on india, it's often too underrated

[@vkaeshala]

Man!!! Your channel is original and no one makes content on the topics you choose like courtesans, vijayanagara empire.....you are awesome man!!! I'll definitely contribute to your creator guild...

[@LamiNalchor]

This series is one of kind.

[@janakunofficial9109]

Very informative!

[@tashidelek7183]

Not a Chinese empire It's TIBET above INDIA. PLEASE DONT MISLEAD.

[@phanboichau8498]

By that time the Chinese had colonised tibet

[@OddCompass]

It’s an old map made by the British - at that time, the Qing had conquered Tibet and administered it semi-autonomously. That control was short lived however.

[@mint8648]

yea i think tibet should be marked as separate but with china in parentheses

[@tashidelek7183]

TRUTH WILL PREVAIL. BHOE GYALO 💪

[@pixelite43]

Dont Worry Tashi, Tibet Will be Intendent one day

[@adityabaksi636]

A very detailed and awesome video. Loved it.

[@tamizhumuyirum]

one of best videos on modern history...this was summarized so well

[@someonenew439]

I love how the identity of being Indian was invented in basically Oxford/ London. So much for Indian nationalist.

[@Myndir]

And Hinduism.

[@siddharthjain9611]

India came from word indus which from sindhu so these 3 words along with hindu are related so it's proud being hindu indian sanatani Hindustani etc

[@alperena1675]

This is the most nuanced and accurate multiple-lens analysis of the topic I have yet to see on KZbin. Keep up the fantastic content!

[@desertwhisperings]

Excellent video, balanced analysis and really interesting insights.

[@MrMcfire2]

Fantastically put together video! clear and comprenhensive

[@Vatsalya17]

14:15 I call absolute bullsh*t. They didn't outcompete anything. It was the discriminatory tax regime that outcompeted the Indian textiles. European Factory made textiles were brought tax-free, whereas taxes as heavy as 95% were imposed on Indian weavers.

[@kairyumina6407]

That is true, but it is even more complex than that. The only reason that European markets had access to enough cotton to even produce enough textiles to compete at the ridiculous advantage you just cited is because of colonialism and slavery in the new world. So there is also an element of exploitation and genocide fueling Europe's rise at this time.

[@user-vi3pi9rf7w]

That's literally how UK got almost everything, they had the jackpot.

[@mint8648]

@@kairyumina6407 the cotton also came from india

[@kairyumina6407]

@@mint8648 my understanding was that Indian grown cotton for the most part was processed into textiles in India, whereas it was American cotton (and eventually also Egyptian cotton) that was being used in the industrial revolution in Britain. It has been a long time since I was in college looking at those primary sources. I do know that a big reason the cobfederacy expected Britain to bail them out was British dependence on southern cotton, but the British had the ability to replace their southern sources with Egyptian options. Though I suppose by that point they had large stakes in India too so they were likely also importing either cotton or textiles or both from india

[@Vatsalya17]

@UC8S63luqkDOBlEksakwkBZA no lol. Go and see a timeline. Industrial revolution in Britain and Conquering of India took place at the same time. Bengal was de-industrialised so that Britain could industrialize

[@legendsson]

The only part I didn’t like is that calling industrial revolution a luck.They had the technological level to capatilize on that luck.Europe had the costitutional, scientific and cultural edge by centuries of trial and error, philosophic approach and respect for innovations and discovery.High numbers of literate people also helped bigger portion of their societies contribute to intellectual activities.

[@legendsson]

west relies on reason and trust in human thought to reach the truth, meanwhile east relies on outdated traditional dotrines like religion or thought processes

[@understanding.everything]

😂😂 It's not just luck it's indian loot and deindustrialization of india that financed it

[@wagwan2]

Necessity is the mother of all inventions, Europeans were having an energy crisis so they figured out better ways to produce energy

[@Amuzic_Earth]

Very comprehensive, logical and well analyzed video.

[@anonkiddo]

Bro this video needs to be in high school curriculum in India - such great description of a rather very jumbled concept. If you don’t mind, I’m going to use your research for a video series of my own. Lovely loveLet lovely work.

[@dwarasamudra8889]

Great Video 👍What topics are u thinking about next ? I recommend Indian Urban Architecture and planning. Cities like Vijayanagara, Delhi, Agra, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Pataliputra, Manyakheta, Ahmedabad, Anahilapataka, Gauda, Kharjuravahaka, Kanyakubja, Parihaspura, Jaipur etc had really interesting layouts

[@Ritvik-xs3yh]

Great video!!! 👍👍 Bro any chance of us getting a video atleast once a month.🤗 This channel is the next 'Kings and Generals' mark my words💪💪 We are always there to support you😎😎

[@absbi0000]

Your videos are amazing and with much needed perspective that has been long underserved. Autosubbed.

[@connor4366]

This is a really good video actually. Well done

[@Kong-se5ht]

amazing video, i'm a MA history student currently learning a lot of this stuff, you have summarised it all brilliantly (great divergence etc). animations are also getting better too, what software do you use?

[@shoubhaniknath1924]

British textile industry did not outperform Indian textile industries. Even when Britain was churning out low quality low cost textile, there was huge demand for eastern handloom textiles which were of far superior quality. To compete, the British actually put heavy taxes on Indian textiles, even in India itself. They sought to systematically destroy the industry, rather than outperform it.

[@bibekanandasur8054]

A very nice video better than many others in a very limited time frame great . India's position has been covered pretty well

[@kaisersozay99]

Wicked one mate. Superb analysis.

[@AdityaKashi]

Nice video! I have been thinking myself about this topic for a while, so your explanation hinging on artillery is quite interesting. And I agree that the greater stability and institutionalization of European states, especially England, was a big advantage for them. There are still many blanks to fill though. Did you investigate why artillery did not lead to the development of more long-lived and institutionalized states in India? Perhaps it's to do with the organization of society being very different compared to England, which would in turn have to do with history further down, and ultimately differences in geography and climate.

[@OddCompass]

Thanks, Aditya! And in fact I did investigate the military revolution in India. I did an entire video on it, actually - check out my gunpowder empires of India video for more details! It led to some centralization initially, but the dissemination of raw iron artillery revived the power of feudal lords and decentralized imperial power once again.

[@autodidact537]

@@OddCompass It wasn't just for economic reasons that the Westerners went exploring (and conquering), they were also generally more curious & interested about the world outside of Europe compared to other peoples of the world.

[@mhassan8439]

​@Autodidact And they European were cruel as hell when they invaded and started taking advantage of local weak people .But they were also lucky because they came in good time when India had no Strong or Brutal rulers, if India had a nationalist rulers like emperor Aurangzeb or Ashoka these European would have no chance .

[@theentertainmentnation4694]

@@mhassan8439 Wrong....nothing could stop the industrial revolution from happening in Europe manly GB...The british smoked the indian subcontinent at the same time they were fighting Napolean just to put in perspective...even China was humilliated in the opium wars decades later not even facing the main british fleet

[@EdwinTyler]

​@@mhassan8439not at all, European technology of war was far superior than what India possessed and no amount of ferocity of any Indian king could have changed the outcome of the war. This isn't a Bollywood movie we're talking about.

[@qwerasdliop2810]

Just a factual clarification, it has been corrected time and time again how Indian textiles served a completely different- high quality market which is why it couldn't be brought down even by the industrial revolution (like kings weren't gonna switch to lower quality when they could get that sweet sweet indian gucci) What ended up being the final nail in the coffin was the insanely high taxes imposed on exporting these textiles, while buying up indigenous cotton subsidized, and then destroying the looms of the workers. When taxes, high costs of cotton and destroying looms weren't enough, they just resorted cutting off thumbs. Woo! England amiright!

[@kailash4799]

Yess! Thanks for the clarification mate!

[@sanaksanandan]

That's the bloody history.

[@marksnow7569]

"When taxes, high costs of cotton and destroying looms weren't enough, they just resorted cutting off thumbs" That's a myth, which was refuted by Gandhi himself in the 1920s. The thumb-cutting was done by Indian workers themselves to avoid being forced to do skilled work for minimum wages.

[@marksnow7569]

​@Unknown All the non-hearsay evidence indicates that the British and their agents did not cut thumbs, though they did a lot of other bad things to Indian workers. Gandhi followed the evidence, and I suggest you do too.

[@johnfrancis6413]

@Unknown And your mum slept with Godse . I learnt it from whatsapp university

[@akshaykamble1044]

wonderful video, as always.

[@BalvinderSingh-uh3my]

That was excellent subscribed.

[@mayankbisht7691]

This video quality is equal to that of Kings and Generals. Your quality has improved a lot.

[@OddCompass]

Thank you very much!

[@sarthakthapliyal4710]

I like to study about the British diplomacy in India. It is filled with lessons on Colonization , Domination and Longevity of rule. Interestingly it also teaches how unstable such rules are. I also like to study about China and cannot help drawing similarities between it and British Empire.

[@chrisriverata1917]

Yeah who would've guessed communism's high corruption is still leaching the life out of that country

[@bbkh9887]

Amazing job , keep it up

[@Janggutan]

this is the most wholesome explaination ever ....cooool

[@enternalinferno]

Great video! 13:45 this is disputed though, since most of the power was sctually unlocked by hydro power, not coal

[@Myndir]

And coal did little for industralisation in many places, like China or Poland, until much later.

[@raphlvlogs271]

Western Dominance in India is a long process that started out with the Portuguese in around 1500 and progressed for many years, it eventually ended due to WW2.

[@iamgreat1234]

Thank to Japanese Empire kicking European out of Asia. The first time in history European was so scared shitless

[@maheshrathod5593]

Thats the reason i love russia ukaine war

[@alienallys]

It next ended, the dominance still exists in globalisation

[@captainalex157]

@@maheshrathod5593 pathetic, you birng shame to your name.

[@peterparker9954]

All thanks to Axis powers

[@thegreatgatsby8180]

Nice.! As usual mate!

[@ssvblr]

Excellent work!

[@micahistory]

i like how you analysed the militrary and social revolutions that enabled the west to dominate asia for centuries

[@micahistory]

@Unknown they mainly used it to compete with each other. They were not competing just for global dominance

[@micahistory]

@Unknown because that is how all of human history has worked

[@thunderwplf1078]

@Unknown because if you don't make them others will and they will attack you

[@thunderwplf1078]

@Unknown True

[@Inaf1987]

Hi Great Summary, but I feel you could have expanded more in new world crops like Potatoes and Maize, which increased food production in Europe and freed up more workforce for industry.

[@anirprasadd]

Very nice video. Good explanation Keep it up 👏👏👏

[@a.m.karthick629]

Wonderful and interesting video at the same time

[@rki7068]

What fascinates me is the European's historical ability to adapt and overcome

[@timothybrown8424]

It's definitely fascinating, but the constant warfare between different nations and empires over time led them to refine everything from military technology to societal changes while other powers continued to worship their kings like gods.

[@anantsaini]

Hope in Another 300 years, India will become prosperous again!

[@svn9482]

We’ll be dead by then

[@dalitnahipehlehinduhu6569]

Only 80 years is enough

[@Xyz22346]

50 years

[@peterparker9954]

Lol...no... Only 50 years more is enough.... India is already going to have 3rd largest GDP by 2035.... After that, to beat US, it would take another 30 years

[@fabiocarvalho4931]

Great content! Just a quick note, the bigger vessels refered in the video which allowed portugal to venture south and west were the technological development that enabled that to happen, but that wasn't the motive. I would say the motives were both religious and economic, more religious than economic. Portugal had just a few years before the conquest of Ceuta in 1412 - this date marks the beginning of the portuguese Colonial Empire - conquered the last portion of the southern territory from the Mourish, ending the "Reconquista" in their Kingdom.

[@venstomon931]

Absolutely brilliant content

[@abduraheemmylannchi5901]

Superior book !!!!!¡¡!!!!!!!

[@mikeagate]

The saying, ‘History repeats itself’ comes to mind as far as the reemergence of the East as the global economic powerhouse. An excellent video btw👏👏👍

[@nituldeshptha99]

I don't get why you've put some random sound effects throughout the video - they kinda distracted me from the content but I still enjoyed your video

[@sudheerkoneti388]

That was an excellent explanation, here some people complaining about the details but the details that they are complaining about are already in their books but the details that didn't covered in the books are in this video that's special

[@pavitrasankalp7533]

Great information.

[@anotherguycalled6253]

0:47 As a Bangali living in London,that would be a dream come true.

[@narendrasule5822]

are you from west bengal or bangladesh

[@anotherguycalled6253]

@@narendrasule5822 Bangladesh

[@anotherguycalled6253]

@@noelgrippen4707 I don’t hate it but “ London is a failed society “ ( Andrew Tate ) I was born here and I’m still in school

[@user-xw3vi4nk2y]

Bengal destroyed britain by sending all the commies it produces to british universities. 😂

[@ViC-qw4ft]

As an Iberian, I love your content. Please make more videos!

[@sciencehacker7541]

this video was an excellent class of MBA and geopolitics

[@kalebj7001]

The because downfall for Indians at the hands of the Europeans were Indians themselves.. the growing infighting and disunity led them all to eventually get subjugated, ofcourse before this they didn't even consider themselves as One people (India). They just went on being individual kingdoms who went warring with each other.

[@FilesdocumentsAndreposit-kr3vb]

All of these empires were ruled by clans who did claim common ancestry but it's true that they were fighting amongst each other. That was the Kshatriya culture of India then.

[@rki7068]

Sounds like Europe post Western Roman Empire collapse

[@kiran9220]

A mujarabad star fort French style built by tippu in Mysore kingdom to counter Europian techniques

[@OddCompass]

Correct! Sadly, the swarming of Tipu by allied English/Maratha/Hyderabadi forces was too much for him to repulse.

[@Mon-ey5mb]

Such a great video

[@rockbottom9887]

Amazing content.

[@shamtradtam3769]

Interesting video. I think you portrayed India as a very chaotic place while ignoring the chaos in Europe. The chaos in Europe lead to bigger boats, better cannons, etc. Indian chaos led to more chaos and being conquered by Europe. So something else must be the reason and not chaos in India

[@44krishnan79]

European chaos eliminated feudatories and forged nation states ,easier to Make alliances with stable governments while indian chaos caused more divisions and political fragmentation,also among religious and cultural lines.

[@shamtradtam3769]

@@44krishnan79 European chaos didn't always forge nation states. Germany, the biggest European economy, was a bunch of duchies till 1870. Switzerland, the richest macrostate in Europe is still a confederation of 40 cantons of 3 different ethnicities. Europe never had anything like the Mughal empire. Chaos in western Europe existed till 1945 and that didn't hinder their world domination or technological development in any way, while Indian chaos didn't give rise to anything benefitting Indians. There is some other reason than chaos

[@44krishnan79]

@@shamtradtam3769 True brother it could be that they developed heavier artillery for siege warfare and penetrating heavy cavalry armour.Since indians had to face mostly steppe nomads which western europeans didn't face which requires lighter armour and troops ,Moreover better beaurocracy when a British general died more will replace him but if a great general or ruler like peshwa bhaji rao or Maharaja ranjeet singh died there remains a lack of leadership.British had a much more stable political system so they just outlived and waited out the indian empires like Mughal,maratha and Sikh empires.Moreover there was infighting among Sikhs ,Marathas and same community which could be exploited.

[@shamtradtam3769]

@@44krishnan79 I agree that the British have been stable and didn't have a foreign invasion since 1068. It doesn't explain why France, Belgium, Germany, Spain and Portugal were also colonizers. Belgium came into existence just in 1830 and still became a colonizing power. Germany became as soon as it unified. As you said Europe had better technology than India in the 18th century. I'm still looking for the reason behind that

[@44krishnan79]

@@shamtradtam3769 By stability I mean political stability not invasions,they had officials and much more advanced political structure based on meritocracy.The 2. question only 1 answer.-the industrial revolution.Just like how Japan became all powerful after the Meiji restoration into a world power.India had huge man power and didn't find the need to industrialize,moreover it was caught off guard by this drastic changes in the 18th century.

[@nitinchalla782]

This is one of the best videos so far. When I first saw the title I thought this might be just another video about how Britain colonized India, but this showed the strengths and drawbacks of both the countries for what they are. Thank you for such a beautiful and thorough videos mate. (just one history nerd to another mate) In the end you said the East is now raising again , but isn't the growth of the East in the modern times built on the systems that are borrowed from West. If the East had employed the same traditional methods or developed better systems then we could say that east is challenging west, isn't it. (I get this doubt every time I hear the East and west comparison in modern times, not challenging your view mate.)

[@muditdhasmana10the10]

1- Does the west use guns, HOW CAN YOU COPY EAST 2- Does the west drink tea, HOW CAN YOU COPY EAST 3- Does the west use 0?, HOW CAN YOU COPY EAST 4- Does the western military have martial art?, HOW CAN YOU COPY EAST 5- Does the west have art, HOW CAN YOU COPY EAST 6- Does the west literally drink water? , HOW CAN YOU COPY EAST/AFRICANS Look pal i am not saying that Asians are challenging the Europeans because they discovered things first, i'm saying that we are challenging you because we are now doing your stuff better than you.(not challenging your views :>)

[@bapparawal2457]

Does the west have industrialized so fast if not from the loot they gained by conquering North America ,Australia then later Africa and Asia?

[@bapparawal2457]

Also Have the west created everything on its own . No . It learned many things from East . It's just they won in last Millenia . 1 Millenia hardly matter sin how long Humnas have stood on Earth.

[@peterparker9954]

The West copied a lot from Indian, Chinese and Arab knowledge to create these modern institutions So stop bifurcating knowledge into east or west They are multidisciplinary in nature and has various facets to it..... Knowledge is not an isolated entity

[@peterparker9954]

The West should be thankful to the East for their knowledge in mathematics, alchemy, architecture, food imports, spices, tea, gunpowder, firearms, etc

[@senguptasthiti]

Wow! Such insightful lessons from history!! Really intersecting and so carefully presented facts!! Admire the research 👍🏽

[@chandrasurya8512]

Wow, its the forst time I have seen the real historical map of Nepal being used for a video. Good accuracy 👌 👏

[@Alexander_D_Shaffer]

I'll miss the old cartoon characters but these new graphics are gorgeous.

[@OddCompass]

Thanks! I’ll try and hybridize both, constantly experimenting haha

[@micahistory]

it isn't often mentioned but you are right that the real shift in european presence in asia began around the mid-18th century when the outposts turned into empires

[@OddCompass]

Thanks, that’s what I wanted to make clear in the video!

[@vagabondwanderers]

Amazing video

[@abc-bv6ns]

Really good stuff

[@arnavpandey3823]

Man love your channel. Btw please consider making a video on the Gupta empire. On how sakandgupta defeated the huns, the same huns who had defeated the Romans.

[@deveshsonam]

West divides Huns as brown huns & white huns.....LOL. Brown huns came to india & today , they are known as rajputs , gurjar , pratihar.....

[@arnavpandey3823]

@@deveshsonam oh did not know about that. Thanks for letting me know

[@walterwhite8229]

@@arnavpandey3823 that's bullshit. Nothing like brown Huns exist. I suggest you to read the Wikipedia article on Huns and watch Kings and General's video on them. Side-note: In their video where they talk about India wasn't well researched Imo. Their videos do have a certain bias for which many people don't like them. Also, colonial theories like Jatts are descendants of Indo-Scythians and Rajputs are descendants of Huns ( vice-versa ) are just LARPS! don't listen to randos on the internet, especially people like Paul Arya.

[@pij6277]

Paul Arya. Rajputs possess the same R1a lineages as most of the subcontinent males. It doesn't make sense to bring up such fake narratives . Not everything you read is true. Genetics defies all such theories

[@manumano3887]

Defeat of nawab of bengal should be a classic case study for as to why and how the Indians lost to the British.

[@mint8648]

because of betrayal

[@commodoresan7275]

@@mint8648 and bad weather

[@basantprasadsgarden8365]

Mir Jafar, Manik Chand , Omi Chand and Krishnachandra Rai supported the British!

[@rejoanbary2155]

Lack of will to fight for one's land and group.

[@peace163]

@@basantprasadsgarden8365 jagat seth,ghosheti begum too.

[@aryaputram]

Good work 😄 keep going 🔥🇮🇳

[@googoo7018]

That "Heeyyyy" at 3:42 or so got me, spooked me in my dark ass room

[@CuriousAlien]

Good presentation, but felt missing missing some fundamental points. Papal Bulls driving catholic Spain , Portugal to colonize and enslave natives. The Europeans saw themselves as part of Christian civilization, the British under Charles II authorized the East India Company to make war / peace with non-christian nations essentially equivalent to the Papal Bulls. So religion played a great part in the colonization of Asia, Africa and America. It never was about race until the 19th century when less religious Europeans needed other theories to explain their domination.

[@marksnow7569]

The East India Company maintained a very strict policy of not allowing its facilities to be used for the promotion of Christianity or the suppression of other religions until well into the 19th century, when it came under too much influence from British politicians. It only took about a quarter-century from the change of policy to the 1857 uprising and the consequent abolition of the Company.

[@freedom_fight]

Not really. Brits wanted the resources and they loot. Remember there were Christians in India before the west. Syrian christians of Kerala have jewish /Assyrian ancestry (dna test) and they were in India before the western conquer. It wasn't the religion that motivated ,it was the resources

[@tanler7953]

I think the French and the Spanish were driven by religious zeal more than the British. In Quebec and the Philippines, the Catholic Church was either dominant in politics or tried to convert as many as possible.

[@CuriousAlien]

@@freedom_fight I was talking about the European Christians, christians in Kerala did not fight religious wars with Hindus. The christians you talk about were themselves persecuted by Portugese catholics as heretics. Brits wanted to loot , agreed, but they looted non-christians not non-whites, they targetted people for their religion not race. It became about race much later.

[@freedom_fight]

@@CuriousAlien nope.. Europeans Targeted mostly non whites and looted non whites. And they looted non white Christians . Race was always their reason 💀. And it's common sense and history. They looted asia for wealth and that's the main reason. And if religion were their main agenda all of the asia would be Christians lol. Hindus never did a thing and the religious high caste hindus assisted with europeans . You need more history class rather than your religious class 💀

[@mylesjude233]

Another great video 📹 Odd Compass, a recommendation: maybe you can make a video about the history of commercial products from Asia that Europe desired, examples including muslin cotton, silks, sandalwood, etc.

[@Oceansta]

Excellent video

[@Shashidhar_Singh_R]

This channel is so much underated