OLD IRANIAN LANGUAGES

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The Iranian languages or Iranic languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau.
The Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE-900 CE) and New Iranian (since 900 CE). The two directly-attested Old Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the Achaemenid Empire) and Old Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Of the Middle Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Middle Persian (from the Sasanian Empire), Parthian (from the Parthian Empire), and Bactrian (from the Kushan and Hephthalite empires).
As of 2008, there were an estimated 150-200 million native speakers of the Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates that there are 86 languages in the group, with the largest among them being Persian (Farsi, Dari, and Tajik dialects), Pashto, Kurdish, Luri, and Balochi.
If you are interested to see your native language/dialect be featured here.
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Looking forward to hearing from you!

[@thewitcher5440]

as a native Iranian ,I don't understand any of old and other Iranian languages , nothing ...but almost understand everything in "Middle Persian "but this is fascinating considering it's for 1500 years ago and during these times many invasions happened in Iran .I'm amazed )

[@Mrityormokshiya]

Proto-Iranian and Old Persian sound so different from middle and modern Persian, I wonder how much the invasions affected the language.

[@vergesserforgetter2160]

How much do you understand middle Persian? what words are hard?

[@thewitcher5440]

@@vergesserforgetter2160 most of it ..might not understand 100 % of words but defiantly get what they are talking about ,the structure of sentence ,and the verbs are all the same to this day !and some nouns are the same ..overall you get what they trying to say

[@erfan3857]

Most people think Iranian languages have changed because of invasion but invasions had nothing to do with Iranian languages Most people who invaded Iran shortly after their invasion changed their language to Persian like mongols they even spread Persian as their administration and cultural language Actually most of Iranian languages died out because of modern Persian language although Persians themselves had nothing to do with that , Eastern Iranian Muslim empires, like Somanids or Safarids replaced persian with their own native languages because only Persian was able to compete with Arabic in early Islamic Iran Persian language involved during history normally only Islam caused some change in its vocabulary because of religious tasks

[@soslanroseft4750]

​@@Mrityormokshiya Too much especially that during the Arab invasion of Iran a lot of literature was destroyed for which the continuity of Middle and Modern Persian is quite distant

[@kishandubey7882]

Old Persian and Avestan sound so much similar to Vedic Sanskrit.......! Even Avestan Hymns are very much like Vedic Mantras..... It is so fascinating to see this ! The people who are denying this know nothing about Sanskrit phonology and sound structures..... The way Old Persian and Avestan were spelled is exactly how we chant Vedic mantra......!

[@simplethewaterbender6264]

Proto-Persian really giving me this Sanskrit vibes

[@rouldennn]

It's sick how I can still understand Middle Persian, Parthian, and Khawrazmi languages to a great content as a Persian speaker. I'm proud of my language.

[@pierangelobuscema787]

I’m italian but i love iranian languages

[@bintangbenua]

Middle Persian sounds near with modern Persian and Dari, only the difference in vocabulary but grammar and basic words are same. If we compare with Middle English and Middle Chinese, only Middle Persian is understandable by modern people.

[@erfan3857]

Dari and modern Persian are one language Its name is Dari Persian/پارسی دری Dari it self is a Persian word and it refers to court because this Dari dialect was language of courts in sasanian empire

[@darioshub]

00:18 It's interesting to hear an origin of my name Dario spoken in its original form. A name Dario comes from Old Persian Darayavauš. Greetings from Croatia!

[@Mrityormokshiya]

As someone who has knowledge in Sanskrit via my mother tongue, the proto-Iranian was quite easily understandable. Like, baram (=carry), nar (=man), patih (=lord), jrd (=heart), garmamam (=warm), dadarsha (=watch), acvanh (=horse), varna (=wool), avih (=sheep), chashati (=see), ahti (=is), krnauti (=make).. perhaps in its reconstruction, Sanskrit was used. Also Nemo Avestan is like Namah.

[@azinnosrati6490]

As an Iranian: I easily understand the Middle Persian. ◾️the Parthian language I didn’t understand it the first time I listened to, but then I focused on it and I found out The words are the same we are using now with some transformations, for example I write them along with our today’s pronunciation : ayadhem: amadam🔸dorud abar to až yazdan: dorud bar to az yazdan🔸man: man🔸 bizishk: pezeshk🔸 až kuay: az kojaii🔸 zamig: zamin🔸hamag: hame🔸tanbar: tan🔸kanizag: kaniz🔸društ bud: dorost bud ◾️The old Persian language was more hard to understand but still when I focused on it I saw similarities again.

[@creed_forever]

I understood Old persian because of closeness to Sanskrit

[@sayedhashemi4638]

I’m from Kabul Afghanistan, amazes me how basically we all speak same language Tajiks, Iranians, all Persian speaking people just the accents and dialects are a bit different, proud of our persian history and culture 🇦🇫🇮🇷🇹🇯❤️

[@nenenindonu]

Alanian was local to the Pontic steppe and Caucasus region rather than Central Asia other than that great work, besides this has to be one of your most effortful videos I assume

[@SonofChrist77]

You’ve got to remember this: back then, there were nomadic people and then there were “city” dwellers. The Alans were a nomadic people who stayed in the caucauses rather than come down to Central Asia and the Iranian Plateau. In fact take a look at the migrations of ancient Iranian peoples. You will see Alans eventually migrated westwards towards modern day Germany and France.

[@mohsengarousi6186]

I understand almost 90% of middle persian in this video.

[@skanthavelu]

The proto Iranian sounded almost like Sanskrit!!

[@shamm1053]

Nope

[@Mrityormokshiya]

@@shamm1053 maybe not to you but to someone with elementary knowledge in Sanskrit, I could instantly recognise these words baram (=carry), nar (=man), patih (=lord), jrd (=heart), garmamam (=warm), dadarsha (=watch), acvanh (=horse), varna (=wool), avih (=sheep), chashati (=see), ahti (=is), krnauti (=make) because they are extremely close to Sanskrit and my mother tongue which derived from Sanskrit

[@user-gi4sp9xt5g]

@@Mrityormokshiya You are absolutely right. The words you mentioned are exactly used in Persian but in different ways. Nar = Male/Man (=Nar) Garm = Warm (=Garmamam) Didan = Watch (=Dadarsha) Asp = Horse (=Accanh) Cheshm = Eye (=Chashati) Bar = Load (=Baram)

[@Mrityormokshiya]

@@user-gi4sp9xt5g nara (= man) garam (= warm) darshan (= vision) (also derivatives like drshya, drshti etc. exist, and television is doordarshan = far-away-view) urna (= wool) kar- (= make/do) and it's most famous derivative must be karma ashwa (= horse, though this is mostly used in liturgical language and poetry as ghora is more commonly used) chakshu (= eye, though we pronounce in colloquial language as choukh and also we've synonyms like akh and netr for eyes too) bhara (= load, burden) patih (= lord / husband) and patni (female version of lord / wife) in sanskrit heart is hrdaya but jrd was recognisable enough, and we say hrdaya, asti means "is" or "exist", in words like astitva (= existence), astika (= there is, gods exist) and in my language the word ache (= is, be) comes from aksheti that comes probably from kshayati (=rule, possess), avih is a wild male ram, used in old language.

[@wilhelm4760]

@@shamm1053 It sounds just like Vedic. Old Iranian and Old Indo-Aryan split from same group.

[@deacudaniel1635]

That's so interesting! I've never heard Alanian, Khotanese and Bactrian before.

[@siavash1122sep]

Middle persians grammar İs absolutely the same as new(modern) persian it's just number of words that has been replaced by foreign loanwords-mostly arabic (and french in the iranian dialect)-it is mostly (about 60/70%) intelligible for modern persian speakers.. Old persian is not intelligible but when you read the text you can see where are many of the modern words coming from (their root).. but like i said it's not intelligible.. and also interestingly some people from the comments are saying that its close to Sanskrit i didn't know that.. And also about the Parthian language it's not intelligible for modern persians and i can't say it's the same language or the older version of the same language but it is more similar to persian than i expected that was interesting as well.. And at the end in my opinion all the iranic or iranian languages sound so beautiful ( maybe I'm just being biased) and are clearly close and similar to each other both old ones and new ones. And thanks for the video keep up the good work✌️👍

[@Aceo_0]

as an Afghan I was told that Dari came from the Bactrian and Middle Persian after the revival of the language during Samanid and Ghaznavid era. Now that I listen to it, it actually makes sense as the accents are so similar.

[@bublick76]

As always a great video! My ancestors, that is, the ancestors of the southern ethnographic groups of Tajiks, spoke the Bactrian language, which occupied an intermediate position between the Western and Eastern Iranian languages. At the same time, Bactrian showed the greatest similarity with Parthian (the northwestern Iranian language of Khorasan). There is also a hypothesis according to which the Bactrian and Northwest Iranian languages ​​can be included in a separate Central Iranian group of languages.

[@ansarirbis7194]

Как думаешь, наречия Дарваза и Ванча можно считать потомками бактрийского языка, или всё же они ближе к сакским/бадахшанским языкам?

[@bublick76]

@@ansarirbis7194 в древности население Дарваза и Ванча разговаривало на северо-памирских языках, как и жители Язгуляма Рушана, Шугнана и Сарыкола. Эти языки происходят от диалектов припамирских саков (в том числе стародарвазский и старованджский). В культурном плане население Бадахшана тяготеет к Бактрии, но местные языки имеют иное происхождение, за исключением мунджанского

[@ansarirbis7194]

​@@bublick76 и ещё, мне кажется что антропологически жители высокогорных районов Согда отличаются(Айни, Ягноб, Матча) хоть и родственны и памирцам и потомкам бактрийцев. Такое ощущение что в формировании этих групп участвовал разный субстратный народ. Может быть это были протодравиды БМА?

[@bublick76]

@@ansarirbis7194 не знаю насчет протодравидов БМА... но ты верно подметил, антропологически население западного и северо-западного Таджикистана (согдийской области, западных районов республиканского подчинения) отличается от жителей других регионов Таджикистана. Что касаемо жителей восточного и южного Таджикистана (потомки бактрийцев и саков) ,то они внешне тяготеют к населению Афганистана и Восточного Ирана (ирано-афганская раса). У жителей Согда лицо более широкое, форма головы круглая, а южных таджиков более узкое лицо, да и внешность схожа с персами, афганцами.

[@bublick76]

@@ansarirbis7194 в целом жители Согда, Ферганы, Бухары и Самарканда отличаются внешне сильно от остальных таджиков, да и дело здесь не в сильной монголоидной примеси

[@mmmm.sss12]

Я сам таджик, и я на 80% понял среднеперсидский язык. И немножечко Аланский понял на 2%. Я думал , мы таджики разговариваем на ново-персидском языке.

[@user-yw3mo7hf9u]

Sogdian,proto-iranian and middle persian are very lovely. I love all these languages.

[@umairahmad5184]

Old Iranian languages sounds so similar to Sanskrit. But from Middle persian it doesn't sound like Sanskrit

[@abhinavchauhan7864]

Thank you so much andy. I was waiting for proto iranian for quite a while. Can you upload a full video of proto Iranian?

[@japaneseapoist286]

Which languages can I understand by Vedic Sanskrit? Āryabhāsam sruvam śakāni. Asmadiyasya bratuh bhāşaina ainām vadişyaiyam. (I can listen the Vedic Sanskrit. I'd be going to talk with them by our brother's language)

[@ScythianSnake]

cool ! Make more videos about old Iranian languages

[@indraditya398]

Proto-iranian and old Persian sounds like sanskrit

[@arranssabapathy]

Thanks for this beautiful video! PS: First one here lets go

[@KurosheBozorg]

Thank you for this beautiful video representing the Iranic languages! #مهسا_امینی #حدیث_نجفی #MahsaAmini #OpIran #HadisNajafi #FreeIran #HelpIran #ShervinHajipour Solidarity is not enough

[@stephanelafargue4709]

Beautiful

[@alejandrosakai1744]

Suggestions: The Ancient Greek dialects. The Evolution of Latin.

[@aliim.s.p4151]

Yo Andy , Can you make a video about proto-semitic language , I can provide you with ( flag - coat of arms - patterns - music and traditional costumes )

[@erfan3857]

As Iranian its very interesting although we don't understand much from Old Iranian languages, we only understand some basic words But Persian , specially Middle Persian is almost intelligible for modern Iranian people 😳 we understand 80% of middle persian today... But if you have good literature you will understand 90% of middle persian Also about old Persian, it is hard to understand. we only understand word by word, words like Shah(king) Wazrag(big) deh( village) pusar(son or boy) pita(father) Doroog(lie) Azata(free) but overall we only understand 15% of Old Persian

[@erfan3857]

@@Deepak_Dhakad its so interesting

[@jcd5533]

Génial!!!!Gripping😀😀😀

[@noffill_zangezurian_edits]

Could you make such video about Armenian language (E. Armenian /W. Armenian / Old Armenian / Urartian)

[@Skikdii]

good video can you pls do Eblaite language

[@jame176]

Wow, as a speaker of Sanskrit, I could understand 50% of the words

[@lani6647]

How did the languages go from utterly Sanskrit-like to Middle Persian, which sounds so different?

[@TheAsgard777]

good

[@mahaaryaman7088]

Are you going to do one on Indic?

[@Davlavi]

cool.

[@monarchistheadcrab8819]

Huh, I'm Iranian and can almost fully understand middle persian. Cool. Also please support our ongoing revolution. #Iran_revolution_2022

[@shahriyarhamidi5192]

I'm Iranian, I only understood middle Persian language

[@nikhilalbert3084]

Excellent work! Waited for Bactrian! Pashto speakers, is it similar?

[@bublick76]

No, Pashto and Bactrian are completely different languages, moreover, the geographic range of these languages ​​does not coincide. The most likely modern descendants of the Bactrian language are the South Pamir languages ​​(Munjan and Iydga)

[@nikhilalbert3084]

@@bublick76 Thanks! If so, then Pashto could be a descendant of the Hephthalite era Scythian.

[@maryammohmand23]

I thought Avestan sounded pretty similar to Pashto!

[@bublick76]

@@nikhilalbert3084 Indeed, it is possible that the Pashtuns are the descendants of the Hephthalites, although it is impossible to determine this precisely. Scientists suggest that the ancestors of the Pashtuns came to the territory of the Suleiman Mountains from the north, from the territory of Badakhshan or Ferghana (Pashto reveals a deep connection with the North Pamir languages). This is quite consistent with the territory about the invasion and migration of the Hephthalites. I also have a hypothesis that the Pashtuns may be the descendants of the Indo-Saks, who, being from western China and Kazakhstan, invaded the territory of Northern India in the second century

[@shamm1053]

@@maryammohmand23 the majority of Avestan consonants don't match pashto.

[@uyghurbirliki]

Can't wait for modern uyghur language)

[@umairahmad5184]

I am not indian . I have little knowledge of Sanskrit and proto Iranian language sounds like 80 percent Sanskrit

[@adamferencszi797]

What does ēdōn translate to in middle Persian??

[@tathagataghosh8786]

The older languages are very close to sanskrit

[@JohnnyNakatomi]

Did you forget the Medes ?

[@aemiliadelroba4022]

❤❤❤ I understand the sassani Middle Persian ,

[@farshidmahdavi9212]

👏👏👏👏👏👏

[@sunduncan1151]

The brothers of Indic languages

[@dalubwikaan161]

I just even wish they have been developed well to make Iranians to study

[@songaesthetics8543]

Lol, it transitioned from Sanskrit-sounding chants to all the modern thing we hear today.

[@user-xg9yg8kg7i]

As a native Russian speaker I understood 0,5-2%

[@bublick76]

In the Slavic languages ​​there are borrowings from the Iranian languages ​​(the period of the early Slavic and Scythian-Sarmatian neighborhood). For example, the name of the ancient Slavic tribe "Severyane" has an Iranian root (from the Iranian sev, sever - black). Hence the name of the river Seversky Donets, essentially translated as "Black Water". Or the name of the Ukrainian town of Chernihiv, which is a tracing paper of the Scythian word with the same meaning. And do not forget that within the Indo-European family, Iranian and Slavic languages ​​are close

[@user-xg9yg8kg7i]

@@bublick76 The fact that in the Slavic languages ​​there are Iranian borrowings is true. But your examples are wrong. Severyane evolved from the slavic word Sever which is means "The north", so severyane are people who live at the north. And Chernihiv or Chernigov is from slavic word Chernyy, which is means black. The real iranian words are: topor (Axe), bog (God) and more

[@shamm1053]

I think Putin told that you that these languages are Russian. 😂

[@bublick76]

@@user-xg9yg8kg7i As for the name of this tribe (severyane) , the Iranian one is considered the most plausible hypothesis. The severyans have never been the northernmost Slavic tribe. In addition, the hydronyms of the mentioned region of North-Eastern Ukraine and South-West Russia have Iranian semantics (for example, the name of the rivers Seim or Sev is etymologized from Iranian languages)

[@MrVladko0]

@@bublick76 В чем-то они правы. «Наиболее вероятно» - все ещё недостаточно хорошо, когда можно привести неоспоримый пример.

[@vergesserforgetter2160]

Middle Persian, Parthian and Khawerzmian sound the best of all.

[@amilavxilmen5632]

Khotanese is cool

[@bublick76]

I don't understand why in Proto-Iranian the word "is" sounded like "aht", if in modern Persian this word sounds like "ast". And this is clearly similar to the Russian "yest" and the German ist, where the letter "s" is also preserved. It turns out that in Pra-Iranian the sound "s" turned into "h", then back to "s" (s-h-s)?🤔🧐🤨 Suspicious

[@User8888hdjsjsjshgdhsb]

Proto Iranian was not a single language or society and it is just used to describe different tribal societies within same cultural and linguistic heritage. It seems linguist constructed it from the common used by today alive Iranian languages which is still the biggest group within Indo-European languages, and of course was the biggest in the history of Indo-European languages. I am Pamiri and know that in all 7 Pamiri languages that is "яст" (jast)

[@truongthimyly8657]

Hi

[@ImAnOverthinkerr]

How to say water in these languages Old Persian: 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠/𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 Avestan: 𐬀𐬞 Khotanese: 𐨀𐨂𐨟𐨿𐨕 Bactrian: αββο

[@User8888hdjsjsjshgdhsb]

How can you write in these writing systems, please share!

[@sohilhassani29]

If you didn’t know this. Old Persian and Avestan are the same language. There are just slight differences as old Persian has also adopted many words from Elami. When the Persians migrated to Elam (later named Pars) from Northern Afghanistan and Central Asia they took Zoroastrianism with them and the Avestan language that gave way to old persian.

[@OshinAttari]

Old Iranian Languages With Scythians?

[@maraluciaduclosduclos7496]

God!! In Brazil we Just speak portuguese and It is only one.

[@feliperodriguesclaffnne8151]

Lingua Proto-Persica assimilatur Proto-Sanscritica.

[@diansc7322]

they both come from the same language

[@user-yw3mo7hf9u]

They both come from the proto-aryan

[@CrusadeTheFacade]

3:47 bro is speaking German here... German brothers we are Aryans after all

[@Gaxmud]

Trank you for this Video But why is kurdish missing. this is also one of the Persian languages.they are all one Group. ❤ Peace ✌️ Mahsi Amini

[@bilgekagan6678]

What a beatiful language. Please make old Turkic languages.From Tomyris Khatun period.

[@User8888hdjsjsjshgdhsb]

Tomyris hatun Ahhahahahahahahahahah

[@vergesserforgetter2160]

Avestan doesn't actually sound like this, I am sure this is just Indian influence

[@hypernovayash]

proto iranian basically was an apbhramsha dialect of sanskrit.

[@antidweller6373]

No, proto iranian came from proto indo iranian. Sanskrit came from proto indo aryan.

[@Yarkanlaki]

I can understand Parthian others sound like Hindu

[@jallouisbonapart5390]

Sychitian

[@CrusadeTheFacade]

guess Im Indian now... Damn...

[@user-ek1bm2jo3p]

funny how pan-persians claim some iranic languages come from middle persian and yet this is nothing like those languages ... and lmao that avestan script sounds a lot like some of iranian muslim prayer

[@vergesserforgetter2160]

sounds hindu to me instead.

[@thedamned8202]

Pan-Persian lol, what's next pan-greek? pan-Chinese?

[@stephanelafargue4709]

Look like sanscrit

[@ricardo82shadow123]

It lacks tocharian

[@javadnazari8428]

Middle persian its very close to modern persian

[@alb-333]

4:17 the origin of Serbia

[@sergejsd.6747]

Proto Iranian is lookes like a Finnish as sound...

[@bublick76]

Surprisingly, the earliest neighbors of the Iranians were precisely the Finno-Ugric peoples even before the collapse of their community (in the Volga and Ural regions). Therefore, in the mythology of both the Indo-Iranians and the Finno-Ugrians there are so many similarities (besides, do not forget about mutual borrowings). There is also a hypothesis that the Sampo mill from the Finnish Kalevala epic is also a borrowing from the Indo-Iranian culture.

[@erz2479]

Lol Mix of Slavic Aramaic and Sanskrit🤣🤣

[@parsarustami774]

More like salavic and aramaic and sanskrit are mix of persian.

[@mahaaryaman7088]

💯

[@marshal_zhukov1945]

Alanian with Greek letters??

[@ScythianSnake]

the Alans actually did not have a letter, they sometimes used the Greek letter, since Byzantium was their influential neighbor, from which they soon adopted Christianity, and they wrote only on coins and commemorative tablets

[@johnsmith-ir1ne]

Probably due to Aleksander

[@aghdamlirashad]

Avesta dili nedir? Eski farsça yazılmadı mı o kitap? Eskiden farslar çok benziyordu hintlileri,şimdi ayrı-ayrı.Coğrafi yerleşim gibi ortalarında sadece urdu dili var.

[@sonsofdiocescyaxaresastyag4188]

AVESTAN is KÛRDISH 😉 💚☀❤

[@vitaliygalganets8943]

Ariya was situated on Ukrainian (including Kuban) and some Romanian territories. To these lands Aryan people were native. Then they migrated to India through the present day Iranian territory, also to other places. Scythians come from Ukrainian territory, that's why they were Slavs, as it is scientifically proven. Ukrainian state Rus is a real successor to Scythia, which outreach from Dunay river to Don river. That's a real fact.

[@stephanelafargue4709]

Same cossack Music in Roumanie caucase

[@tohidmini4323]

i'm from iran , How come these are Iranian languages that we cannot understand at all, 0% understand of Proto-Iranian 0% understand of Old Persian 0% understand of Avestan 80% understand of Middle Persian (The only understandable language and close to Persian) 0% understand of Parthian 0% understand of Sogdian 0% understand of Alanian 0% understand of Khotanese 0% understand of Bactrian 0% understand of Kharazmian

[@amirxxxxx4003]

پارتی شبیه زبون های شمالیه من ملزنی ۲۰ درصد میفهمم

[@user-gi4sp9xt5g]

چی؟ زبان نیاایرانی که بسیاری از واژگانش مانند ماست ولی با یک ریخت دیگه. برای نمونه: Acvanh = اسب Dadarsa = دیدم Baram = بار Nar = نر و دیگر...

[@rouldennn]

پارتی:آ یدم پروان شاه، و من گفتم: درود بر تو از یزدان، شاه گفت: از کو (کجا) آیی؟ من گفتم: پزشکم از بابل زمین ... و به همان تنبار و ... درشت بود. به بزرگ شتافتم و من گفتم: از کو آیی تو؟ من ...

[@rouldennn]

خوارزمی: کسِ (گر) مردِ خوارزمی به زیفاک (زبان) به ترکانگ (ترکانه) بگوید: ای اوغلیم" بودش هیچ کام... آخرش دیگه پیچیده شد ولی خیلی واژه های آشنا توش زیاد بود. اگه نمیفهمی بخاطر اینه که درکی از زبان های ایرانی نداری.

[@ScythianSnake]

من فکر می کنم که شما یا سعی نکردید آنها را بفهمید، یا برخی کلمات تحریف شده اند و شما آنها را به سادگی تشخیص ندادید به عنوان مثال: saka " hvaDi " related for persian " xordan " saka " śita " related for persian " safid " saka " muhu " related for persian " mo " saka " mästä " related for persian " mah " saka " niDi " related for persian " nafar " به سختی می توان چنین کلمات تحریف شده ای را تشخیص داد

[@olciairafcio]

pin

[@aboba5995]

sissy fans of Sanskrit in lower comments, bruh

[@kamiljan_ashiri]

Can't wait for modern uyghur language)