OpAmps explained + how to read their datasheets

Explaining the basics of OpAmps (Operational amplifiers) for beginners, how an OpAmp differs from a comparator, how to read OpAmp datasheets. What the OpAmp pins do. An inverting and a non-inverting amplifier, the gain. Symmetrical (double) vs. non-symmetrical (single) supply voltage operation. The output voltage swing and the common mode input voltage range, rail to rail and ground-sense OpAmps. The input voltage offset and the offset null potentiometer. Bipolar vs. FET OpAmps, bias select.
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[@Georgy-fg3bg]

On this channel, you'll find plenty of evidence that Daniel - DiodeGoneWild is one of those rare people who not only understands something exceptionally well, but can also explain it in a way that even his cat can understand.

[@keithking1985]

True.

[@RicoElectrico]

Holy shit, 5 years of university and 6 years of work at chip design and only now I realized that inverting and non-inverting opamps _really_ are the same circuit with just opamp inputs swapped. They're usually drawn differently. For non-inverting ones the divider is depicted vertically.

[@FixDaily]

"How to read their datasheets" would be a great series :)

[@iamdarkyoshi]

Excited for the sodium ion battery tests. Side note, you should demonstrate what happens if you try to use a comparator as an op-amp in your upcoming video :)

[@andymouse]

Yep !

[@sergepetrov8598]

Good job done! Opamp basics are quite scary until you climb the learning curve. You took time and patience to select these basics and to present them in easily understandable form.

[@laszlovona]

OPamps are the very parts which only made complete sense to me at university EE classes.. they were covered in secondary technical school classes as well but hiding the real details.

[@jstro-hobbytech]

I agree. If people realized they performed math when first learning then it would make all the common topology types make more sense. That's just me though. The ideal opamp assumption needs more explanation when first learning to use them.

[@WagTsX]

can't wait for you to test the " *Soduium* ion Batteries " Btw nice explanation about OpAmps, I never understood them properly

[@TheEmbeddedHobbyist]

You can add feedback to comparators as that's the common way of providing a Schmitt trigger action. also they can be got with open collector/drain outputs so they can be connected to circuits with a higher supply rail with out any issues. looking forward to the next episode.

[@wdavem]

Thank you for doing this video! I was using a schmitt trigger for signal shaping which fed another op amp to amplify the shaped signal, then into the ic that mutes the video output in a 3/4" video tape player. You need more then that to actually remove the anti-copy signal in the video (such a synchronous timing device of some kind)... I found half of that yesterday just by chance (inferred led/sensor block). Now all I need to find is that very carefully marked strip of clear plastic... and maybe this will live again! (I made this thing way back in 2004 just to see if I could, and it did actually work well in a very unconventional way). Also I seriously needed to learn what you just taught about op amps, so thank you. Long ago I just played around with it until it worked reliably.

[@TheEmbeddedHobbyist]

it's always nice to highlight the difference between inverting and noninverting gain, as the noninverting can't go below a gain of 1. which can sometimes be a problem. i think 98% of all my opamp work has been on non-symmetrical power rails as adding a virtual ground, and capacitor couplings is far easer than adding a -ve rail. most equipment in cars and aircraft is either 12V dc or 28V dc input power so a -ve rail always need to be generated which can add noise in to your equipment.

[@555-xd1fo]

I was need an op amp explanation🙂

[@jstro-hobbytech]

Man, they seem so complicated when you first encounter them. They're basically analog ics that do simple and complex math. No one says that when you first learn about them, compare, add, subtract, multiply, calculate area under the curve for pid, etc. I'm no expert though. I use them for buffers or gain alot when making sensors or audio effects.

[@zoltandiveki5233]

Excellent, as always.

[@Speeder84XL]

Nice and well explained. Worth to mension about offset voltage is that it also get multiplied by the gain. An offset of for example 5 mV is not much for most applications - but in applications where you need a lot of gain (for example current sensing over a shunt in a low voltage circuit, where you want the voltage drop to be low to minimize the power losses), that can be significant. With a gain of for example 100, that "error" will increase to 0.5 V! (which will need compensation in many cases or an opamp with lower offset to be choosed). If only amplifying AC signals (for example audio), a capacitor can also be put in series with the resistor between the inverting input and ground, to effectively make the gain just 1 for the offset but still high gain for the AC signals. It will be fun to see some sodium ion batteries tested. I see forward to that.

[@TheEmbeddedHobbyist]

Used to refer to it as the "input upset voltage" as it always upset what you were trying to achieve.

[@ikehsamuelifeanyi4925]

Good Video! I always love your electronics video.

[@joejane9977]

thank you for your time and knowledge

[@d.k.9406]

Danke! Thanks man! All this work to compare and switch between the datasheets for soo many details. You surprised me with the opamps with programable speed and power consumption :=]

[@UpLateGeek]

The only ICs I buy off eBay are very specific vintage ones, not well-known common types like op amps. For example, a while ago I bought some LM723 voltage regulators, and the more vintage equivalent MAA723 from Tesla, so I could play around with the cool TO-100 package parts. Turned out they worked well, but are a bastard to breadboard. Other ones I bought were Philips SAA1099 sound generator chips for my vintage Sound Blaster sound cards, but I've still got to get around to ordering (let alone programming) the PAL needed to make them work. They do make a modern equivalent of the PAL, I just haven't got around to doing another order from either the silicon-based electronics supplier, or the rodent-based one (I don't often buy from the binary digit lock -based one).

[@b_70_saurabhvishwakarma84]

Please design a low pass filter with non symmetrical supply (12-15 volt) using common opamp like 4558 or NE5532.

[@bornach]

Friends don't let friends buy op-amps from eBay. I bought 50 8-pin ICs labelled ua741 from eBay, but they all behave like LM358 but most likely use one of the counterfeit dies that IMSAI Guy featured on his channel a few months ago

[@amirebrahimieftekhari6876]

Good Video For Friday 👌

[@tajtrlik1111]

Ďakujem ti za toto veľmi pekné videjko, síce tieto základy OZ dá sa povedať ovládam, aj tak ma to veľmi bavilo pozerať a na ďalšie, praktické video s testovaním OZ sa taktiež veľmi teším.

[@ashraf9472]

Good video sir

[@lmwlmw4468]

Nice.

[@MrGuano11]

Would be great if you could do a video like this on transistors and mosfets

[@omniyambot9876]

perfect, I'm competing in robotics and I will only be using op amps for logic and PID control loool ans I'm vs guys who use advanced mcu's arm based😅

[@Alexelectricalengineering]

You are awesome 😎🆒👍👍👍

[@theweirddev]

Based on what you described I found these three opamps: LM224, LM2902 and LM3900. Are they good for the battery analyzer? Also many thanks for the awesome video.

[@vaclavtrpisovsky]

I had no LM741 around so i used a 555. It doesnt work why? Both have 8pin so i thought they should be not much diference right? (Sarcasm but this is an actual question DiodeGoneWild once received about another IC.)

[@TheEmbeddedHobbyist]

maybe you counted the pins anti-clockwise 🙂

[@noneofyerbeeswax8194]

It’s all those goddamn Chinese fakes, I’m sure. You should only buy $30 apiece discrete opamps from a reputable manufacturer and use pure silver solder. Then it will work, even if you don’t connect the power supply.

[@sanjikaneki6226]

What is the output impedance of an op amp? asking since sometimes you need 50 or 600 ohm output impedance

[@noneofyerbeeswax8194]

For a closed-loop system within its operational bandwidth, the output impedance should be near zero, as long as you don’t approach the maximum current rating of the opamp. If you need a defined output impedance, just add a resistor in series. But this will increase the noise of course (Johnson noise, proportional to the resistance).

[@d.k.9406]

Never can't repeat basics often enough XD

[@eraldylli]

Sorry, just out of curiosity. What kind of accent is this? Is it from South-East Asia? Good job on the explanation, easy to follow.

[@TimeToRelax222]

That's Czech accent.

[@eraldylli]

@@TimeToRelax222 Really? I would not have expected that. Thanks for your reply.

[@noneofyerbeeswax8194]

Hahaha, everybody thinks it’s an Indian accent.🤣 I suspect he’s exaggerating it for comedic purposes because his English is actually very fluent.

[@punpck]

5:00 nobody uses non R2R anymore^^. Just had to have a second look if this video is 20 years old 😅

[@atoptip6193]

On minute 7, you mention Darlington transistors in an OpAmp. Does that ever happen? Isn’t a Darlington already a mini IC of sorts? I would think, you would just use transistors in whatever configuration necessary but not “package” them inside an OpAmp as a Darlington?

[@superdau]

A Darlington transistor isn't its own component. It's just the way how two transistors are connected that make one.

[@atoptip6193]

@@superdau But sometimes it is. I remember amplifiers built with Darlington output stages. Some Darlington pairs are very hard to find. My Grundig tape recorder has one in its auto-reverse circuit and those are unobtainable. Probably never too popular. I guess I can make one by soldering and thermally joining two transistors?

[@noneofyerbeeswax8194]

@@atoptip6193 I think all it does in an auto-reverse circuit is switching the motor on and off. So you should be able to replace it with any other darlington of sufficient current and voltage rating. You might even be able to replace it with a MOSFET (which is better for the purpose), but I'd need to see the schematic first to be sure. Begin by studying the datasheet of the original unobtainium part, and then compare it to those that you CAN buy.

[@atoptip6193]

@@noneofyerbeeswax8194 It does two things - it reverses the motor direction (just the capstan motor, I think…the reel motors are already “turning” in opposite directions) and activates a relay to switch heads. With my rudimentary understanding of semiconductors, to go from a bipolar / Darlington pair to a MOSFET would be like swimming in the middle of the Pacific Ocean with no land in sight! I do not even understand the difference between a FET and a MOSFET or why people still have a use for energy-leaking bipolars 65 years after the MOSFET was invented?

[@noneofyerbeeswax8194]

@@atoptip6193 Both types of components have their uses (and then there are also JFETs which operate kind of like tubes). I could erect a massive wall of text describing which one is preferred in which case, but it’s hardly necessary right now. Can you tell me exactly which model your tape recorder is? If I can find the schematic, I can find the solution.

[@COBARHORSE1]

Pumps???

[@don4techy]

What is he saying? Anyone able to interpret pls

[@ancientlink0]

Day 26 of asking to build a drsstc or a vttc, pls👍

[@user-yx9gz9mk3h]

STOP !!!

[@ancientlink0]

Day 27 of asking to build a drsstc or a vttc, pls👍

[@jstro-hobbytech]

I had a whole box of fakes from amazon. I have given up buying cheap parts and just wait until my order is over 110usd and i get tax free and no customs along with overnight shipping from Digikey. Canada customs fees and tariffs are horrible. A 30 dollar .4mm printer nozzle was going to cost 125 dollars after shipping and such. We get shafted on other stuff too, guitars, pc parts, musical instruments. Even after exchange. The us has super high shipping fees because most affluent countries pay the postage from developing countries. China has cheap shipping because they keep lobbying the governing body in Switzerland for lower rates claiming they are a developing country. A developing country with a space station. The swiss are pushovers, look at ww2 and their history in general. The fact they have compulsory military service makes me horse laugh. Funny how a piece of land no one ever wanted has become rich being a world leader in complete indifference to their fellow man. Haha A friend went there 10 years ago and paid 20 euros for a grilled cheese sandwich..... every restaurant was the same.

[@ancientlink0]

Day 25 of asking to build a drsstc or a vttc, pls👍

[@andymouse]

This is covered by hundreds of sites, stop annoying the man.

[@ancientlink0]

@@andymouse I want to him do it, I know he has it on is site but his videos are so good.

[@andymouse]

@@ancientlink0 Fair point :)

[@user-yx9gz9mk3h]

STOP !!!

[@edgeeffect]

"IMSAI Guy" did a video testing fake op-amps and - strangely - the fakes were better than the real thing. ??????

[@omiza3416]

You speak very fast😡😡😡

[@Unintelligent70]

😂 but i m still capturing

[@RS_83]

Nice vidéo. Thank you Danyk

[@ancientlink0]

Day 28 of asking to build a drsstc or a vttc, pls👍