Open reading frame ORF

This lecture explains about what is Open reading frame ORF and how open reading frame DNA codes for amino acids that make protein.
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Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

[@SairaAli-ez7ri]

Sir kindly make a video about codon biseness and other factors that helps to read ORF to predict protein for prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cells.

[@smittygotskilz]

You're videos have taught me more within the past two days while I have been studying for my finals than I learned all semester in my from the professor. You are a godsend.

[@vctrs5630]

An open reading frame starts with the start codon (AUG= methionine) and stops at a stop codon (UAA,UAG and UGA). As you see Uracil is used instead of thymine, it means that we are talking about a RNA strand and not about a DNA strand and ribosomes don't read DNA. It would be very useful to correct this by adding notes in the video or at least put it in the comment section/ description.

[@takini4918]

Can you please tell me if the cap and tail region of eukaryotes will be included in open reading frame or not?

[@kalumthomson5638]

@@takini4918 The 5'cap and polyA tail aid in translation initiation in eukaryotes, however they are not classed as part of the ORF.

[@misbahmalik9752]

Agree. He took a DNA strand and put codons there. Not making any sense

[@werdhiwinata925]

This video was 7 years later but still help me to do my college task, thank you very much

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

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[@mayabarnard-davidson8481]

Thank you for helping me to understand an ORF much better than my textbook, much appreciation and thank you for this explanation!!!

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Thank you for providing clear explanation of this concept

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[@뢐]

Such a good lecture! I am a university student, but didn't know properly from my campus lecture, but after i watched this video, i finally understand what ORF is. Thank U for the wonderful lecture. And i am subscribing this channel>

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great explanation

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Thank you! This was such a helpful video. You would make a great bio professor!

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Thank you, great video very helpful.

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[@Ayeshu31000]

wow guruji, u r great, please upload more videos

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[@ashash9635]

Thank you for this! It really helps 🙏

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

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[@dufo4766]

Notes:1: Don't forget that mRNA extends to both sides well beyond the start and stop codons that mark the area of mRNA that is actually translated into proteins. 2: A lot of people would argue that the ORF does not actually contain the "stop" codon but stops immediately before, i.e contains only the codons that get to be translated into aminoacids.

[@doctorstrange6024]

So stop codon not included in the open reading frame ..is that right !

[@nkurunzizaolivier7383]

@@doctorstrange6024 yeah, exactly. stop codon isn't included in ORF

[@romarioosborne589]

Very helpful.

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SIR you are amazing at teaching. PLEASE BECOME A PROFESSOR.

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XD

[@nicklausboeckner8269]

Nice description man !

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+Linda Salas glad it helped

[@mayukhroy5393]

this was a very helpful video, Sir

[@hananbasheer7720]

it was helpful >> thanks of such people gives without waiting the recompense

[@أحمدعبدالعليم-ي7ل]

amazing

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@doctorstrange6024]

How does open reading frame include stop codon ?! Prof. Said in lecture that ORF includes codons which are translated into protien .so how stop codon is included as apart of it ?! I need illustration

[@benbellino3596]

My professor said that an ORF does not include a termination codon as well

[@ndiengalamedionysius2121]

well understood thanks very much

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[@masterpee2328]

please make a video on recoding, thanks

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[@ninouch606]

Please answer me 🙂 ~On what the principle of alignment is based? ~What type of sequencing is the Solid platform formed on? ~The specialist and generalist sequencing banks? ~La recherche ORF juste for eucaryote?

[@Muslimah_undercover_]

why does google say that orf's only have start codons and no stop codons i'm confused please explain

[@ahatsham87]

Reading frame and open reading frame are different or same

[@مِنكتاب]

Thank you💚

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[@miteshtiwari7156]

Sir please make a video on hidden markov model for gene prediction..🙏🙏🙏🙏.... my exam will be on 11th september...

[@maharshi3180]

Thank u

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@ProfGustavoWildes]

Hi, thanks for the explanation. Please, whats the difference between "gene" and "ORF"? Both are sequences used to make a protein...

[@kalumthomson5638]

An ORF (open reading frame) is the series of codons in DNA/RNA beginning with a translational start codon, typically AUG (in mRNA) and ending with one of the three stop codons. The key here is that the ORF has protein coding potential, so in THEORY can be translated into a protein....BUT not all ORFs are translated, or indeed the 'real' protein coding sequence. A protein coding sequence, generally called "CDS" is the experimentally verified ORF for the gene of interest. A gene differs from an ORF/CDS as this is the sequence in DNA that contains not only the actual CDS for the protein, but the upstream and downstream regulatory sequences, too. Furthermore, eukaryotic genes will be interrupted with introns, not yet spliced out. So genes consist of promoter/terminator regions, along with 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs).

[@thaouyennguyen]

Thank you!

[@Dibyojyoti_Ghosh]

I am really helped ...... thanks a lot

[@fatematuzzahrashova8152]

in your another video, you said, 'each orf has one codon only' now you are saying, 'orf contain CODONS' Which one is correct?

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THANK YOU FOR THIS!! SALUTE!!

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[@sanarasheed9646]

Kindly upload a video on overlapping gene ...

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Okay

[@sawsan7292]

Hi , what is the relationships between IgG and IgA in the case of selective IgA immunodeficiency?

[@7azem3mad]

thank you man, you are good .

[@luanodendal9999]

As I understand it, the start codon on mRNA is AUG and the stop codons are UAA, UAG and UGA. If the start codon on mRNA is AUG, why is it ATG and not TAC on the DNA template strand? Please help me clarify this misunderstanding

[@Angymadrid]

I have the same question!

[@kscsk8ers]

RNA don't possess the nucleotide thiamine and instead replace it with uracil. Since the tRNA synthase reads anticodons of RNA sequences the code is read in terms of the RNA instead of DNA.

[@CreatorNasir04]

because DNA does not posses 'U' instead of it there is 'T' so the start codon is ATG

[@RafaelSilva-ok8qg]

+Luan Odendal the ATG correspondes to the DNA strain with the 5´--3´orientation (paralel strain), so it´s complementary strain will be TAC (and the orientation 3´--5´-antiparalel strain). When the antiparalel chain is transcribed into mRNA you get the AUG codon

[@wasupgaming]

AUG is the anti-codon, not the mRNA strand. If the DNA strand is 5' ATG 3' the mRNA (codon) is 5' UAC 3' and the anti codon is AUG

[@markeshawtiruneh9591]

YOUR VEDIOS ARE HELPFUL BUT DOES ORF CONTAIN STOP CODON?

[@md.shahidalam6358]

really helpful

[@joytantulsikumar1127]

How correlates with covid19 and orfA1.

[@brandonodedina3863]

The termination codons are actually UAG, UGA, UAA... but otherwise great video

[@rithesh_Pathogen]

ORFs are always reads on mRNA for translation either prokaryotes or eukaryotes so always describe with uracil.

[@kalumthomson5638]

ORFs can be written as mRNA or cDNA

[@drisyadileep2170]

Thnku

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@felixambassa5649]

The DNA sequence for the stop codon would have been instead ATT so that we get UAA

[@beschuitelia1987]

So a DNA sequence is almost never an ORF because DNA almost always has introns included?

[@omelette429]

Thanks!

[@DarkDuelist4]

Thanks!! Obrigado!

[@nagihangot6133]

Quality.

[@annisamaharani3637]

so, in prokaryotes does the ORF appear in DNA and in eukaryotes is in rna?

[@HH-ui2tf]

Bro u dont use conventional methods for explaining the sequences.

[@muruliyadavn9742]

An open reading frame contains 333 nucleotides the number of amino acids in the protein synthesied from this ORF will be?

[@muruliyadavn9742]

How to calculate plz tell me sir

[@rakshajain5872]

What is the difference between orfs and operon?

[@kalumthomson5638]

An ORF (open reading frame) is the series of codons in DNA/RNA beginning with a translational start codon, typically AUG (in mRNA) and ending with one of the three stop codons. The key here is that the ORF has protein coding potential, so in THEORY can be translated into a protein....BUT not all ORFs are translated, or indeed the 'real' protein coding sequence. A protein coding sequence, generally called "CDS" is the experimentally verified ORF for the gene of interest. An operon is found in prokaryotic genomes and consists of a set of genes (often encoding proteins that act in similar/the same biochemical pathways) that share a common promoter, so are transcribed and expressed at the same time.

[@surajmadhu-techgobbler]

Stop calling the 3 nitrogen base sequence in the DNA as codons! It's wrong, they aren't codons, codons are only in the mRNA.

[@moemg2914]

+Suraj Madhu codons are a sequence of 3 nucleotides RNA or DNA

[@surajmadhu-techgobbler]

Yes, I understand that, it's mentioned like that in many places(just Wikipedia) but the way we were taught was codons are on the mRNA and not DNA.

[@moemg2914]

yes probably because introns in ADN do not code for an amino acide, but exons do so you can use the terms in ADN or ARN

[@surajmadhu-techgobbler]

Oh okay thanks, that makes sense, :-) thank you

[@aphroditesaphrodisiac3272]

Codons are for the sequences on the mRNA OR the sequences on the coding strand of the DNA. Note that the code on both the mRNA and the coding strands are the same except for U replacing T.

[@sbaam071]

how long is ORF for somatostatin (14aa)? 5' AATTC ATG GCT GGT TGT AAG AAC TTC TTT TGG AAG ACT TTC ACT TCG TGT TGA TAG- 3' do we include stop and start codone??

[@kalumthomson5638]

48 nucleotides, so stop codon not included. You can use an ORF finder online...

[@badrsoufi6539]

thank you :) :)

[@zaimdzoel6603]

Terimakasih :)

[@samimadao9182]

you mentioned that mRNA has introns and exons with is wrong it only has exons. other than that good video

[@NamasteNepal55]

During transcription, the entire gene is copied into a pre-mRNA, which includes exons and introns. During the process of RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons joined to form a contiguous coding sequence.

[@elishaquaminanketiah8530]

mRNA contains both exons and introns before splicing.

[@aniketbanerjee4478]

Stop refering it to DNA, better you call it mRNA for avoiding confusions, as translation occurs by taking the transcribed mRNA into consideration.

[@maleen5990]

why does one DNA region give 6 potential reading frames. 3 for each stand where do the 3 different reading frames come from??

[@sanadow2012]

Because sometimes there is more than one start condone in a sequence, up to three. And another possibility of three start codon on the complementary sequence as well

[@kalumthomson5638]

When looking at DNA, it's double-stranded. Genes can be transcribed from either strand (so essentially can face in opposite directions). If you look for ORFs in DNA (i.e. directionality of the ORF not known, unlike mRNA) then ORF finders will scan all possible reading frames on both strands, as genes can exist on BOTH.

[@ArchanaKumari-tt4ct]

Hindi me video plze sir upload kriye

[@sawaiCharan67]

STOP CODON IS UAA UAg UGA

[@ashutoshpandey0911]

why this accent.. u are great originaly

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

This is original accent

[@Bioinfowithwafa]

I dont know why u r said ORF is nothing what do u mean by nothing its very important thing it is sequence of dna sequence

[@mony4119]

start is (TAC) stop is (ATT)

[@kalumthomson5638]

No, the start codon in mRNA is AUG (so in DNA the triplet is ATG). There are three potential stop codons, so in DNA they are TAA/TAG/TGA (in mRNA the triplets are UAA, UAG, UGA)