Optics (Widi Febrianti-2201115008)

Widi Febrianti - 2201115008
1A/Semester 1
Pendidikan Fisika
Optics
Most of people associate optics with, the lenses, glasses or microscope.
This term in physics refers more to branch of physics that deals with the determination of behaviour and the properties of light, along with its interactions with the matter and also with the instruments which are used to detect it.
Optics, in a simple manner, is used to describe the behaviour of visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet. Imaging is done with the help of a system called an image forming an optical system.
Optical intrument and their function
There are two types of optical instruments used by humans, namely artificial optical and natural optical
some artificial optical tools that you should know
1. Camera, You are certainly no stranger to the camera. The camera is currently being used to record videos or take photos or pictures. The camera is an optical equipment that is useful in producing a photographic image on a negative film. The following are the important components contained in the camera, including: Convex Lens, Diaphragm, Aperture, Film plate
2.The next example used by humans in everyday life from optical devices is a magnifying glass or lup. Lup is often also called a magnifying glass which is useful in magnifying the image. This optical instrument is very useful in human life, especially in terms of enlarging small objects.
3. Another example of an optical instrument is a microscope. A microscope is an optical instrument that is usually found in laboratories to see very small objects so that they become large. The microscope consists of two lenses, both of which are convex. So it really looks big with the use of a microscope in research. The characteristics of the image on a microscope are magnified, inverted, upright and real.
Meanwhile, the natural optical instrument is the eye. The eye is one of the five human senses which is used to see a physical object in front of us. The eye is an optical instrument that is owned by humans free of charge which is the most up-to-date so far found in the world.
we can make group of optical science into three subfields:
1. Geometry optics, namely the science of light as rays (rays in the form of lines),
2. Physical optics, namely the science of light as a wave, and
3. Quantum optics, the science of light as a particle.
Let's discuss each of these sub-fields sequentially, both historically and scientifically
1. Everyday observations show that most of the light travels in straight lines. When sunlight passes through gaps in clouds or through gaps in dark leaves, we see a continuous "line" or "stream" of light emerging from these gaps. If we make the gap smaller, the stream will be narrower, but the beam will still be a stream of light. Early optical researchers used geometry to model this image of light.
2. Physical optics is the science of the wave properties of light which can be grouped into three categories: interference, diffraction, and polarization. Interference is the ability of waves to "mix" with themselves. Light interference creates localized regions in which there are alternating very bright and very dark areas. Diffraction is the ability of waves to "bend" around corners and disperse after passing through a slit. Polarization refers to the property of light with respect to the direction of motion
3. Physical optics predicts that the shape of the focal point will remain unchanged and only slightly dimmer. However, when the switch is turned below a critical threshold, something different and somewhat unexpected happens: we detect light in slightly "scattered" energy and we see no ring pattern at all. Some of this light scattering is illustrated in part (a) of the following figure. If we continuously count the amount of scatter at each location, we can slowly build up an average picture of where the light energy is located, as illustrated in sections (b) and (c). The field of quantum optics involves the study of the particle (quantum) nature of light.
Applications of Optics
The properties of optics are applied in various fields of Physics-
The refraction phenomenon is applied in the case of lenses (Convex and concave) for the purpose of forming an image of the object.
Geometrical optics is used in studies of how the images form in an optical system.
In medical applications, it is used in the optical diagnosis of the mysteries of the human body.
It is used in the therapeutical and surgeries of the human issues.